88
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluation of Halogen‐Specific Detector (XSDTM) for Trace Analysis of Chlorinated Fatty Acids in Fish

, , &
Pages 481-507 | Received 10 Jun 2004, Accepted 12 Oct 2004, Published online: 06 Feb 2007

References

  • Newsome , W. H. , Andrews , P. , Conacher , H. B.S. , Rao , R. R. and Chatt , A. 1993 . Total organochlorine content of fish from the Great Lakes . J. AOAC Intl. , 76 ( 4 ) : 703 – 706 .
  • Håkansson , H. , Sundin , P. , Andersson , T. , Brunström , B. , Dencker , L. , Engwall , M. , Ewald , G. , Gilek , M. , Holm , G. , Honkasalo , S. , Idestam‐Almquist , J. , Jonsson , P. , Kautsky , N. , Lundberg , G. , Lund‐Kvernheim , A. , Martinsen , K. , Norrgren , L. , Personen , M. , Rundgren , M. , Stålberg , M. , Tarkpea , M. and Wesén , C. 1991 . In vivo and in vitro toxicity of fractionated fish lipids, with particular regard to their content of chlorinated organic compounds . Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 69 : 459 – 471 .
  • Mu , H. , Wesén , C. and Sundin , P. 1997 . Halogenated fatty acids. I. Formation and occurrence in lipids . Trends Anal. Chem. , 16 ( 5 ) : 266 – 274 .
  • Zhuang , W. , McKague , B. , Reeve , D. and Carey , J. 2003 . Identification and confirmation of traces of chlorinated fatty acids in fish downstream of bleached kraft pulp mills by gas chromatography with halogen‐specific detection . J. Chromatogr. A , 994 ( 1–2 ) : 137 – 157 .
  • Wesén , C. , Mu , H. , Kvernheim , A. L. and Larsson , P. 1992 . Identification of chlorinated fatty acids in fish lipids by partitiong studies and by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity detection . J. Chromatogr. , 625 : 257 – 269 .
  • Milley , J. E. , Boyd , R. K. , Curtis , J. M. , Musial , C. and Uthe , J. F. 1997 . Dichloromyristic acid, a major component of organochlorine load in lobster digestive gland . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 ( 2 ) : 535 – 541 .
  • Lee , S. M. and Wylie , P. L. 1991 . Comparison of the atomic emission detector to other element‐selective detectors for the gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 39 ( 12 ) : 2192 – 2199 .
  • Zhuang , W. , McKague , B. , Reeve , D. and Carey , J. 2004 . Identification of chlorinated fatty acids in fish by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization of pentafluorobenzyl esters . J. Mass Spectrom. , 39 ( 1 ) : 51 – 60 .
  • Freudenthal , J. 1978 . The detection and identification of unknown halogenated compounds in environmental samples . Intl. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 5 ( 4 ) : 311 – 321 .
  • Wesén , C. , Mu , H. , Sundin , P. , Freyen , P. , Skramstad , J. and Odham , G. 1995 . Gas Chromatographic‐mass spectrometric identification of chlorinated octadecanoic acids in eel lipids . J. Mass Spectrom. , 30 : 959 – 968 .
  • Mu , H. , Wesén , C. , Sundin , P. and Nilsson , E. 1996 . Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric identification of tetrachloroalkanoic and dichloroalkenoic acids in eel lipids . J. Mass Spectrom. , 31 ( 5 ) : 517 – 526 .
  • Curtis , J. and Boyd , R. K. 1997 . Dissociative electron attachment negative ion mass spectrometry: a chlorine‐specific detector for gas chromatography . Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. , 165/166 : 625 – 639 .
  • Zhuang , W. , McKague , B. , Carey , J. and Reeve , D. 2003 . Enrichment of trace chlorinated species in a complex matrix of fatty acids using HPLC in conjunction with gas chromatography‐halogen specific detection . J. Liq. Chromatogr. & Rel. Technol. , 26 ( 11 ) : 1809 – 1826 .
  • Åkesson‐Nilsson , G. 2003 . Isolation of chlorinated fatty acid methyl esters derived from cell‐culture medium and from fish lipids by using an aminopropyl solid‐phase extraction column . J. Chromatogr. A , 996 ( 1–2 ) : 173 – 180 .
  • Gustafson‐Svärd , C. , Åkesson‐Nilsson , G. , Mattsson , M. , Sundin , P. and Wesén , C. 2001 . Removal of xenobiotic dichlorostearic acid from phospholipids and neutral lipids in cultured human cell lines by b‐oxidation and secretion of dichloromyristic acid . Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 89 : 56 – 64 .
  • Åkesson‐Nilsson , G. , Nilsson , O. , Odenbrand , I. and Wesén , C. 2001 . New halogen‐specific detector applied to the analysis of chlorinated fatty acids . J. Chromatogr. A , 912 ( 1 ) : 99 – 106 .
  • Kolb , B. and Bischoff , J. 1974 . New design of a thermionic nitrogen and phosphorus detector for GC . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 12 ( 11 ) : 625 – 629 .
  • Dressler , M. 1986 . Selective gas chromatographic detectors Vol. 36 , 63 – 90 . Amsterdam, , Netherlands : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. . Journal of chromatography library
  • Ehrlich , B. J. 1980 . Improved detection of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds after GC separation . Ind. Res. Dev. , 22 ( 4 ) : 107 – 110 .
  • Patterson , P. L. and Howe , R. L. 1978 . Thermionic nitrogen‐phosphorus detection with an alkali‐ceramic bead . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 16 ( 7 ) : 275 – 280 .
  • Patterson , P. L. 1978 . Selective responses of a flameless thermionic detector . J. Chromatogr. , 167 : 381 – 397 .
  • Patterson , P. L. , Gatten , R. A. and Ontiveros , C. 1982 . An improved thermionic ionization detector for gas chromatography . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 20 ( 3 ) : 97 – 102 .
  • Patterson , P. L. 1982 . New uses of thermionic ionization detectors in gas chromatography . Chromatographia , 16 : 107 – 111 .
  • Patterson , P. L. 1992 . “ The nitrogen‐phosphorus detector ” . In Detectors for Capillary Chromatography Edited by: Hill , H. H. and McMinn , D. G. 139 – 168 . New York : John Wiley & Sons . Chemical Analysis 121
  • Carlsson , H. , Robertsson , G. and Colmsjoe , A. 2001 . Response mechanisms of thermionic detectors with enhanced nitrogen selectivity . Anal. Chem. , 73 ( 23 ) : 5698 – 5703 .
  • Patterson , P. L. 1986 . Recent advances in thermionic ionization detection for gas chromatography . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 24 ( 2 ) : 41 – 52 .
  • Patterson , P. L. 1993 . Organic fuelled flames in selective ionization detectors for chromatography . Chromatographia , 36 : 225 – 233 .
  • Fujii , T. and Arimoto , H. 1985 . Thermionic ionization detector with lanthanum hexaboride/silicon dioxide thermionic emitter material for gas chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 57 ( 2 ) : 490 – 493 .
  • Arimoto , H. , Ozaki , K. , Shiomi , K. and Hamada , N. 1992 . Response characteristics of flame thermionic detector to sulfur compounds . Anal. Sci. , 8 ( 2 ) : 173 – 177 .
  • Kishi , H. , Arimoto , H. and Fujii , T. 1998 . Analysis of alcohols and phenols with a newly designed gas chromatographic detector . Anal. Chem. , 70 ( 16 ) : 3488 – 3492 .
  • Danon , A. and Amirav , A. 1990 . Hyperthermal surface ionization: a novel ion source with analytical applications . Intl. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc. , 96 ( 2 ) : 139 – 167 .
  • Burgett , C. A. , Smith , D. H. and Bente , H. B. 1977 . The nitrogen‐phosphorus detector and its applications in gas chromatography . J. Chromatogr. , 134 : 57 – 64 .
  • Fujii , T. and Arimoto , H. 1985 . New sensitive and selective detector for gas chromatography: surface ionization detector with a hot platinum emitter . Anal. Chem. , 57 ( 13 ) : 2625 – 2628 .
  • Kishi , H. and Fujii , T. 1996 . A surface ionization detector for gas chromatography: Use of a Supersonic Free Jet . Anal. Chem. , 68 ( 17 ) : 2776 – 2781 .
  • Zandberg , E. Y. and Ionov , N. I. 1971 . Surface Ionization 27 – 32 . 195 – 200 . 215 – 232 . Jerusalem : Israel Program for Scientific Translations .
  • Preston , D. W. and Dietz , E. R. 1991 . The Art of Experimental Physics 139 – 146 . New York : Wiley .
  • Kaminsky , M. 1965 . Atomic and Ionic Impact Phenomena on Metal Surfaces 10 – 16 . 98 – 101 . 136 – 137 . Berlin : Springer‐Verlag .
  • Kolb , B. , Auer , M. and Pospisil , P. 1977 . Reaction mechanism in an ionization detector with tunable selectivity for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 15 ( 2 ) : 53 – 63 .
  • Van de Weijer , P. , Zwerver , B. H. and Lynch , R. J. 1988 . Spectroscopic investigation of the mechanisms of the alkali bead detector for gas chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 60 ( 14 ) : 1380 – 1387 .
  • Olah , K. , Szoke , A. and Vajta , Z. 1979 . On the mechanism of Kolb's nitrogen‐phosphorus selective detector . J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 17 ( 9 ) : 497 – 502 .
  • Jones , C. S. and Grimsrud , E. P. 1987 . Response of the nitrogen mode of the thermionic ionization detector to substituted nitrobenzenes . J. Chromatogr. , 387 : 171 – 186 .
  • Bombick , D. D. and Allison , J. 1989 . Investigations into the response mechanism of the gas chromatographic thermionic ionization detector . Part I. Mass spectral studies. J. Chromatogr. Sci. , 27 ( 10 ) : 612 – 619 .
  • Fujii , T. , Jimba , H. and Arimoto , H. 1990 . Mass spectrometric studies on the response mechanism of surface ionization detectors for gas chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 62 ( 2 ) : 107 – 111 .
  • Jones , C. S. and Grimsrud , E. P. 1987 . Mass spectrometric measurements of the negative ions formed in the thermionic ionization detector with nitrogen carrier gas . J. Chromatogr. , 409 : 139 – 146 .
  • A new halogen specific detector: the Model 5360 XSDTM O.I. Analytical Application Note 07670696
  • 1998 . Model 5360 Halogen Specific Detector (XSDTM) Operator's Manual , Revision 3.1 O.I. Analytical
  • Simon , R. K. , Duffy , M. L. , Tanner , M. J. , Barringer , M. N. and Rawls , N. C. Tandem photoionization detector and halogen specific detector . United States Patent 5,578,271 . 1996 .
  • 2001 . Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 82nd Edition 10 – 147 . 10 – 148 . 10 – 149 . 10 – 175 . 12 – 130 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press . (2001–2002)
  • Munkittrick , K. R. , McMaster , M. E. , Van Der Kraak , G. , Portt , C. , Gibbons , W. N. , Farwell , A. and Gray , M. 2000 . Development of Methods for Effects‐Driven Cumulative Effects Assessment Using Fish Populations: Moose River Project Pensacola, FL : SETAC Press .
  • Scott , R. P.W. 1999 . “ Detection devices ” . In High Resolution Chromatography: a Practical Approach Edited by: Millner , P. 49 – 75 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Mu , H. , Wesén , C. , Odenbrand , I. , Nilsson , O. and Wahlund , K‐G. 1999 . Response factors of organochlorine compounds in the electrolytic conductivity detector . J. Chromatogr. A , 849 : 285 – 292 .
  • Chambers , L. and Duffy , M. L. March 4–9 2001 . Presentation at the 2001 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy March 4–9 , New Orleans, LA.
  • Sundin , P. , Larsson , P. , Wesén , C. and Odham , G. 1992 . Chlorinated triacylglycerols in fish lipids? Chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies of model compounds . Biol. Mass Spectrom. , 21 : 633 – 641 .
  • Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls using gas chromatography with a halogen specific detector O.I. Analytical Application Note 11740798
  • Langmuir , I. and Kingdon , K. H. 1923 . Thermionic effects caused by alkali vapors in vacuum tubes . Science , 57 : 58 – 60 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.