References
- Cooney D O, Wijaya J. Effect of magnesium citrate on the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for sodium salicylate. Vet Hum Toxicol 1986; 28: 521–523, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Czajka P A, Konrad J D. Saline cathartics and the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for aspirin. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15: 548–551, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Ryan C F, Spigiel R W, Zeldes G. Enhanced adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal in the presence of magnesium citrate, N.F. Clin Toxicol 1980; 17: 457–461, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gaudreault P, Friedman P A, Lovejoy F H, Jr. Efficacy of activated charcoal and magnesium citrate in the treatment of oral paraquat intoxication. Ann Emerg Med 1985; 14: 123–125, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- LaPierre G, Algozzine G, Doering P L. Effect of magnesium citrate on the in vitro adsorption of aspirin by activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol 1981; 18: 793–796, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Orisakwe O E, Afonne O J, Agbasi P U, Ilondu N A, Ofoeule S I, Obi E. Adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for rifampicin with and without sodium chloride and sodium citrate. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24: 724–726, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Afonne O J, Orisakwe O E, Ofuefule S I, Tsalha S, Obi E, Ilondu N A, Okorie O. Saline cathartics and adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for doxycycline. Acta Pol Pharm 2002; 59: 177–179, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Van de Graaff W B, Thompson W L, Sunshine I, Fretthold D, Leickly F, Dayton H. Adsorbent and cathartic inhibition of enteral drug absorption. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1982; 221: 656–663, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Picchioni A L, Chin L, Gillespie T. Evaluation of activated charcoal–sorbitol suspension as an antidote. Clin Toxicol 1982; 19: 433–444
- Chin L, Picchioni A L, Gillespie T. Saline cathartics and saline cathartics plus activated charcoal as antidotal treatments. Clin Toxicol 1981; 18: 865–871, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Galey F D, Lambert R J, Busse M, Buck W B. Therapeutic efficacy of superactive charcoal in rats exposed to oral lethal doses of T‐2 toxin. Toxicon 1987; 25: 493–499, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Sorensen P N, Lindkaer‐Jensen S T. The effect of magnesium sulfate on the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid and lithium carbonate from the human intestine. Arch Toxicol 1975; 34: 121–127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
- Galinsky R E, Levy G. Evaluation of activated charcoal–sodium sulfate combination for inhibition of acetaminophen absorption and repletion of inorganic sulfate. Clin Toxicol 1984; 22: 21–30
- Mayersohn M, Perrier D, Picchioni A L. Evaluation of a charcoal–sorbitol mixture as an antidote for oral aspirin overdose. Clin Toxicol 1977; 11: 561–570, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Al‐Shareef A H, Buss D C, Allen E M, Routledge P A. The effects of charcoal and sorbitol (alone and in combination) on plasma theophylline concentrations after a sustained‐release formulation. Human Exp Toxicol 1990; 9: 179–182
- Minton N A, Henry J A. Prevention of drug absorption in simulated theophylline overdose. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1995; 33: 43–49
- Goldberg M J, Spector R, Park G D, Johnson G F, Roberts P. The effect of sorbitol and activated charcoal on serum theophylline concentrations after slow‐release theophylline. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 41: 108–111, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Keller R E, Schwab R A, Krenzelok E P. Contribution of sorbitol combined with activated charcoal in prevention of salicylate absorption. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 654–656, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Scholtz E C, Jaffe J M, Colaizzi J L. Evaluation of five activated charcoal formulations for the inhibition of aspirin absorption and palatability in man. Am J Hosp Pharm 1978; 35: 1355–1359, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Cittadini G, De Gicco E, Cittadini G, Jr, De Cata T, Dogliotti L, Rosso E. A new magnesium‐containing PEG‐electrolyte solution for the oral lavage of the colon. Clin Radiol 1999; 54: 160–163, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Verghese V J, Ayub K, Qureshi W, Taupo T, Graham D Y. Low‐salt bowel cleansing preparation (LoSo Prep) as preparation for colonoscopy: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1327–1331, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Dahshan A, Lin C H, Peters J, Thomas R, Tolia V. A randomized, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of three bowel preparations for colonoscopy in children. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 3497–3501, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Fincher R K, Osgard E M, Jackson J L, Strong J S, Wong R K. A comparison of bowel preparations for flexible sigmoidoscopy: oral magnesium citrate combined with oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 2122–2127, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Regev A, Fraser G, Delpre G, Leiser A, Neeman A, Maoz E, Anikin V, Niv Y. Comparison of two bowel preparations for colonoscopy: sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate versus sulphate‐free polyethylene glycol lavage solution. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 1478–1482, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Orisakwe O E, Afonne O J, Ilondu O J, Obi E, Ufearo C S, Agbasi P U, Maduka S O, Orish C N, Orish V N. Influence of prokinetics on the gastrointestinal transit and residence times of activated charcoal. J Pak Med Assoc 2002; 52: 354–356, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Nakamura T, Oida Y, Matsumoto K, Kawasaki N, Tanada S. Inhibitory effect of sorbitol on acetaminophen adsorption by activated carbon. J Environ Sci Health Part A, Environ Sci Eng Toxic Hazard Substance Control 2002; 37: 905–912, [CROSSREF]
- Atta‐Politou J, Kolioliou M, Havariotou M, Koutselinis A, Koupparis M A. An in vitro evaluation of fluoxetine adsorption by activated charcoal and desorption upon addition of polyethylene glycol‐electrolyte lavage solution. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1998; 36: 117–124
- McNamara R M, Aaron C K, Gemborys M, Davidheiser S. Sorbitol catharsis does not enhance efficacy of charcoal in a simulated acetaminophen overdose. Ann Emerg Med 1988; 17: 243–246, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Neuvonen P J, Olkkola K T. Effect of purgatives on antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal. Human Toxicol 1986; 5: 255–263
- Sketris I S, Mowry J B, Czajka P A, Anderson W H, Stafford D T. Saline catharsis: effect on aspirin bioavailability in combination with activated charcoal. J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 22: 59–64, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Krenzelok E P. Gastrointestinal transit times of cathartics used with activated charcoal. Clin Pharm 1985; 4: 446–448, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Orisakwe O E, Ogbonna E. Effect of saline cathartics on gastrointestinal transit time of activated charcoal. Human Exp Toxicol 1993; 12: 403–405, [CSA]
- Krenzelok E P, Keller R, Stewart R D. Gastrointestinal transit times of cathartics combined with charcoal. Ann Emerg Med 1985; 14: 1152–1155, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Sue Y J, Woolf A. Efficacy of magnesium citrate cathartic in pediatric toxic ingestions. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24: 709–712, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Minocha A, Herold D A, Bruns D E, Spyker D A. Effect of activated charcoal in 70% sorbitol in healthy individuals. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1984; 22(5)529–536, [CSA]
- James L P, Nichols M H, King W D. A comparison of cathartics in pediatric ingestions. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 235–238, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Vuignier B I, Oderda G M, Gorman R L, Klein‐Schwartz W, Watson W A. Effects of magnesium citrate and clidinium bromide on the excretion of activated charcoal in normal subjects. Ann Pharmacother 1989; 23: 26–29
- Harchelroad F, Cottington E, Krenzelok E P. Gastrointestinal transit times of a charcoal/sorbitol slurry in overdose patients. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1989; 27: 91–99
- Garcia M C, Byrd R P, Jr, Roy T M. Lethal iatrogenic hypermagnesemia. Tenn Med 2002; 96: 334–335
- Schelling J R. Fatal hypermagnesemia. Clin Nephrol 2000; 53: 61–65, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Qureshi T, Melonakos T K. Acute hypermagnesemia after laxative use. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24: 724–726, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Pitcher D E, Ford R S, Nelson M T, Dickinson W E. Fatal hypocalcemic, hyperphosphatemic, metabolic acidosis following sequential sodium phosphate‐based enema administration. Gastrointest Endosc 1997; 46: 266–268, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Treble R G, Thompson T S. Elevated blood levels resulting from the ingestion of air rifle pellets. J Anal Toxicol 2002; 26: 370–373, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gordon R A, Roberts G, Amin Z, Williams R H, Paloucek F P. Aggressive approach in the treatment of acute lead encephalopathy with an extraordinarily high concentration of lead. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152: 1100–1104, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Clifton J C, II, Sigg T, Burda A M, Leikin J B, Smith C J, Sandler R H. Acute pediatric lead poisoning: combined whole bowel irrigation, succimer therapy, and endoscopic removal of ingested lead pellets. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002; 18: 200–202, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Pond S M, Lewis‐Driver D J, Williams G M, Green A C, Stevenson N W. Gastric emptying in acute overdose: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Med J Aust 1995; 163: 345–349, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Morris M E, Le Roy S, Sutton S C. Absorption of magnesium from orally administered magnesium sulfate in man. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1987; 25: 371–382, [CSA]
- Smilkstein M J, Steedle D, Kulig K W, Marx J A, Rumack B H. Magnesium levels after magnesium‐containing cathartics. J Toxicol, Clin Toxicol 1988; 26: 51–65, [CSA]
- Weber C A, Santiago R M. Hypermagnesemia: a potential complication during treatment of theophylline intoxication with oral activated charcoal and magnesium‐containing cathartics. Chest 1989; 95: 56–59, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]