Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Imaging of Prostate Cancer

REFERENCES

• Cancer Facts Figures —1999. AmericanCancer Society, Atlanta, GA 1999; 1–36
   Google Scholar
• Waterbor J. W., Bueschen A. J. Prostate Cancer Screening(United States). Cancer Causes Control 1995; 6: 267–274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey T. A. Cancer of the Prostate: An Analysis of Some Important Contributionsand Dilemmas. Monogr. Urol 1982; 3: 67–94
   Google Scholar
• McNeal J. E., Bostwick D. G., Kindrachuk P. A., Redwine E. A., Freiha F. S., Stamey T. A. Patterns of Progression in Prostate Cancer. Lancet 1986; 1: 60–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee F., Torp P. S., Littrup P. J., et al. Hypoechoic Lesions of the Prostate: Clinical Relevance of TumorSize, Digital Rectal Examination, and Prostate-Specific Antigen. Radiology 1989; 170(1)29–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norberg M. Transrectal Ultrasound and Core Biopsies for the Diagnosis ofProstate Cancer. A Study of Pretreatment Investigation Strategy for Patientswith Suspected Prostate Cancer. Acta Radiol. Suppl. 1994; 393: 1–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakr W. A., Grignon D. J. Prostate Cancer: Indicators of Aggressiveness. Eur. Urol. 1997; 3: 15–23
   Google Scholar
• Krongrad A., Lai H., Lai S. Variation in Prostate Cancer Survival Explained by SignificantPrognostic Factors. J. Urol. 1997; 158: 1487–1490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hricak H., White S., Vigneron D., et al. Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: MR Imaging with Pelvic Phased-ArrayCoils Versus Integrated Endorectal–Pelvic Phased-Array Coils. Radiology 1994; 193: 703–709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Vigneron D. B., Hricak H., et al. Three-Dimensional H-1 MR Spectroscopic Imaging of the In SituHuman Prostate with High (0.24–0.7-cm3) Spatial Resolution. Radiology 1996; 198: 795–805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheidler J., Hricak H., Vigneron D. B., et al. 3D 1HMR Spectroscopic Imaging in Localizing Prostate Cancer:Clinico-Pathologic Study. Radiology 1999; 213: 473–480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu K. K., Scheidler J., Hricak H., et al. Improved Prediction of Extracapsular Extension in Patients withProstate Cancer by the Addition of 3D H1-MR Spectroscopic Imaging to MR Imaging. Radiology 1999; 213: 481–488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigneron D., Males R., Hricak H., et al. Prostate Cancer:Correlation of 3D MRSI Metabolite Levels with Histologic Grade. Presentedat RSNA, Chicago, Illinois 1998; 209: 181
   Google Scholar
• Bartolozzi C., Menchi I., Lencioni R., et al. Local Staging of Prostate Carcinoma with Endorectal Coil MRI:Correlation with Whole-Mount Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Eur. Radiol 1996; 6: 339–345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choyke P. L. Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Abdom. Imaging 1995; 20: 505–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Outwater E. K., Petersen R. O., Siegelman E. S., et al. Prostate Carcinoma: Assessment of Diagnostic Criteria for CapsularPenetration on Endorectal Coil MR Images. Radiology 1994; 193: 333–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rifkin M. D., Zerhouni E. A., Gatsonis C. A., et al. Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonographyin Staging Early Prostate Cancer. Results of a Multi-Institutional CooperativeTrial. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990; 323: 621–626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo J. O., Kivisaari L., Rannikko S., et al. Computerized Tomography and Transrectal Ultrasound in the Assessmentof Local Extension of Prostatic Cancer Before Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy. J. Urol. 1987; 137: 435–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tempany C. M., Zhou X., Zerhouni E. A., et al. Staging of Prostate Cancer: Results of Radiology DiagnosticOncology Group Project Comparison of Three MR Imaging Techniques. Radiology 1994; 192: 47–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates T. S., Gillatt D. A., Cavanagh P. M., et al. A Comparison of Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and TransrectalUltrasonography in the Local Staging of Prostate Cancer with HistopathologicalCorrelation. Br. J. Urol. 1997; 79: 927–932
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Getty D. J., Seltzer S. E., Tempany C. M.C., et al. Prostate Cancer: Relative Effects of Demographic, Clinical,Histologic, and MR Imaging Variables on the Accuracy of Staging. Radiology 1997; 204: 471–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer S. E., Getty D. J., Tempany C. M.C., et al. Staging of Prostate Cancer with MR Imaging: A Combined Radiologist-ComputerSystem. Radiology 1997; 202: 219–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu K. K., Hricak H., Alagappan R., et al. Detection of Extracapsular Extension of Prostate Carcinoma byEndorectal/Phased Array Coil MR Imaging: Multivariate Analysis. Radiology 1997; 202: 697–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J. A., Scardino P. T., Resnick M. I., et al. Transrectal Ultrasound Versus Digital Rectal Examination forthe Staging of Carcinoma of the Prostate: Results of a Prospective, Multi-InstitutionalTrial. J. Urol. 1997; 157: 902–906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nghiem H. V., Herfkens R. J., Francis I. R., et al. The Pelvis: T2-Weighted Fast Spin-Echo MR Imaging. Radiology 1992; 185: 213–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kier R., Wain S., Troiano R. Fast Spin-Echo MR Images of the Pelvis Obtained with a Phased-ArrayCoil: Value in Localizing and Staging Prostatic Carcinoma. Am. J. Roentgenol 1993; 161: 601–606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Vigneron D. B., Males R. G., et al. The Prostate: MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Present and Future. The Radiologic Clinics of North America, H. Hricak, P. R. Carroll. W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia 2000; 115–138
   Google Scholar
• Moyher S. E., Vigneron D. B., Nelson S. J. Surface Coil MR Imaging of the Human Brain with an AnalyticReception Profile Correction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1995; 5: 139–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigneron D. B., Nelson S. J., Moyher S., et al. An Analytical Correction ofMR Images obtained with Endorectal or Surface Coils, Presented at Societyof Magnetic Resonance. ImagingEleventh Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 1993. 3: 142, (P)
   Google Scholar
• Liney G. P., Turnbull L. W., Knowles A. J. A Simple Method for the Correction of Endorectal Surface CoilInhomogeneity in Prostate Imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1998; 8: 994–997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blute M. L., Bostwick D. G., Bergstralh E. J., et al. Anatomic Site-Specific Positive Margins in Organ-Confined ProstateCancer and Its Impact on Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy. Urology 1997; 50: 733–739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylvester J., Blasko J. C., Grimm P., et al. Interstitial Implantation Techniques in Prostate Cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 1997; 66: 65–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasko J. C., Ragde H., Grimm P. D., et al. Prostate Brachytherapy: Importance of Technique. J. Clin. Oncol 1996; 14: 1965–1967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presti J. J., Hovey R., Carroll P. R., et al. Prospective Evaluation of Prostate Specific Antigen and ProstateSpecific Antigen Density in the Detection of Nonpalpable and Stage T1C Carcinomaof the Prostate. J. Urol 1996; 156: 1685–1690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Presti J. J., Hovey R., Bhargava V., et al. Prospective Evaluation of Prostate Specific Antigen and ProstateSpecific Antigen Density in the Detection of Carcinoma of the Prostate: EthnicVariations. J. Urol 1997; 157: 907–911, discussion 911–912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer F. G., Nghiem H. V., Herfkens R., et al. Determining the Volume of Prostate Carcinoma: Value of MR Imagingwith an External-Array Coil. Am. J.Roentgenol 1993; 161: 81–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White S., Hricak H., Forstner R., et al. Prostate Cancer: Effect of Postbiopsy Hemorrhage on Interpretationof MR Images. Radiology 1995; 195: 385–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hricak H. The Prostate Gland. In MRI of the Pelvis, H. Hricak, B. M. Carrington. Dunitz, London 1991; 249–311
   Google Scholar
• Cornel E. B., Smits G. A., Oosterhof G. O., et al. Characterization of Human Prostate Cancer, Benign ProstaticHyperplasia and Normal Prostate by In Vitro 1H and 31P Magnetic ResonanceSpectroscopy. J. Urol 1993; 150: 2019–2024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornel E. B., Smits G. A., de Ruijter J. E., et al. In Vitro Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Four HumanProstate Cancer Cell Lines. Prostate 1995; 26: 275–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler A. H., Pappas A. A., Holder J. C., et al. Differentiation of Human Prostate Cancer from Benign Hypertrophyby In Vitro 1H NMR. Magn. Reson. Med. 1992; 25: 140–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Dahiya R., Macdonald J. M., et al. Citrate Alterations in Primary and Metastatic Human ProstaticAdenocarcinomas. 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Biochemical Study. Magn. Reson. Med. 1993; 29: 149–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Vigneron D. B., Nelson S. J., et al. Citrate as an In Vivo Marker to Discriminate Prostate Cancerfrom Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Normal Prostate Peripheral Zone: Detectionvia Localized Proton Spectroscopy. Urology 1995; 45: 459–466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald J. M., Kurhanewicz J., Dahiya R., et al. Effect of Glucose and Confluency on Phosphorus Metabolites ofPerfused Human Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Cells as Determined by 31P MRS. Magn. Reson. Med. 1993; 29: 244–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yacoe M. E., Sommer G., Peehl D. In Vitro Proton Spectroscopy of Normal and Abnormal Prostate. Magn. Reson. Med. 1991; 19: 429–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liney G. P., Turnbull L. W., Lowry M., et al. In Vivo Quantification of Citrate Concentration and Water T2Relaxation Time of the Pathologic Prostate Gland Using 1H MRS and MRI. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1997; 15: 1177–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heerschap A., Jager G. J., van der Graaf M., et al. In Vivo Proton MR Spectroscopy Reveals Altered Metabolite Contentin Malignant Prostate Tissue. Anticancer Res. 1997; 17: 1455–1460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J. K., Kim D. Y., Lee Y. H., et al. In Vivo Differential Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer and BenignProstatic Hyperplasia: Localized Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy UsingExternal-Body Surface Coil. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1998; 16: 1281–1288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello L. C., Franklin R. B. Concepts of Citrate Production and Secretion by Prostate 1. Metabolic Relationships. Prostate 1991; 18: 25–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffey D. S. The Molecular Biology, Endocrinology, and Physiology of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles. In Campbell's Urology, P. C. Walsh, A. B. Retik, E. D. Stamey, E. D. Vaughan. W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia 1992; 221–266
   Google Scholar
• Costello L. C., Franklin R. B., Narayan P. Citrate in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Prostate 1999; 38: 237–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn T., Beurrig K., Schmitz-Dreager B., et al. Prostatic Carcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: MR Imagingwith Histopathologic Correlation. Radiology 1989; 173: 847–851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiebler M. L., Tomaszewski J. E., Bezzi M., et al. Prostatic Carcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Correlationof High-Resolution MR and Histopathologic Findings. Radiology 1989; 172: 131–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello L. C., Franklin R. B. Novel Role of Zinc in the Regulation of Prostate Citrate Metabolismand Its Implications in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 1998; 35: 285–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello L. C., Franklin R. B. Bioenergetic Theory of Prostate Malignancy. Prostate 1994; 25: 162–166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper J. F., Farid I. The Role of Citric Acid in the Physiology of the Prostate: III.Lactate/Citrate Ratios in Benign and Malignant Prostatic Homogenates as anIndex of Prostatic Malignancy. J. Urol 1964; 92: 533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marberger H., Marberger E., Mann T., et al. Citric Acid in Human Prostatic Secretion and Metastasizing Cancerof Prostate Gland. Br. Med. J. 1962; 1: 835–836
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costello L. C., Franklin R. B. Concepts of Citrate Production and Secretion by Prostate: 2.Hormonal Relationships in Normal and Neoplastic Prostate. Prostate 1991; 19: 181–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly P. F., Lyon R. C., Faustino P. J., et al. Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer Cells Monitored by 31P NMRSpectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 1987; 262: 14875–14878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S. Physiological NMR Spectroscopy: From Isolated Cells to Man. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York Academy of Sciences, New York 1987
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. S. Phospholipid and Energy Metabolism of Cancer Cells Monitoredby 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Possible Clinical Significance. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1988; 63: 1199–1207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullis P. R., Hope M. J. Physical Properties and Functional Roles of Lipids in Membranes. Biochemistry of Lipids, Liproproteins and Membranes, D. E. Vance, J. Vance. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1991; 1–41
   Google Scholar
• Mountford C. E., Wright L. C. Organization of Lipids in the Plasma Membranes of Malignantand Stimulated Cells: A New Model. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1988; 13: 172–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Dahiya R., Macdonald J. M., et al. Phosphorus Metabolite Characterization of Human Prostatic Adenocarcinomain a Nude Mouse Model by 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and High PressureLiquid Chromatography. NMR Biomed. 1992; 5: 185–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narayan P, Jajodia P., Kurhanewicz J., et al. Characterization of Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasiaand Normal Prostates Using Transrectal 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy:A Preliminary Report. J. Urol 1991; 146: 66–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swanson M. G., Males R. G., Vigneron D. B., et al. 1H HR-MASSpectroscopic Analysis of Post-Surgical Prostate Tissue Using 3D MRI/MRSI. Presented at Eighth Annual Meeting of the InternationalSociety for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Denver, Colorado, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Cai H., Erhardt P., Troppmair J., et al. Hydrolysis of Phosphatidylcholine Couples Ras to Activationof Raf Protein Kinase During Mitogenic Signal Transduction. Mol. Cell Biol. 1993; 13: 7645–7651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuadrado A., Carnero A., Dolfi F., et al. Phosphorylcholine: A Novel Second Messenger Essential for MitogenicActivity of Growth Factors. Oncogene 1993; 8: 2959–2968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exton J. H. Phosphatidylcholine Breakdown and Signal Transduction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1994; 1212: 26–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelech S. L., Vance D. E. Signal Transduction via Phosphatidylcholine Cycles. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1989; 14: 28–30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agris P. F., Campbell I. D. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Intact Friend LeukemiaCells: Phosphorylcholine Increase During Differentiation. Science 1982; 216: 1325–1327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpinelli G., Podo F., Di V. M., et al. Modulations of Glycerophosphorylcholine and Phosphorylcholinein Friend Erythroleukemia Cells upon In Vitro-Induced Erythroid Differentiation:A 31P NMR Study. FEBS Lett. 1984; 176: 88–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galons J. P., Fantini J., Vion D. J., et al. Metabolic Changes in Undifferentiated and Differentiated HumanColon Adenocarcinoma Cells Studied by Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Biochimie 1989; 71: 949–961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heston W. D. Prostatic Polyamines and Polyamine Targeting as a New Approachto Therapy of Prostatic Cancer. Cancer Surv. 1991; 11: 217–238
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith R. C., Litwin M. S., Lu Y., et al. Identification of an Endogenous Inhibitor of Prostatic CarcinomaCell Growth. Nat. Med. 1995; 1: 1040–1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch M. J., Nicholson J. K. Proton MRS of Human Prostatic Fluid: Correlations Between Citrate,Spermine, and Myo-Inositol Levels and Changes with Disease. Prostate 1997; 30: 248–255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown T. R. Practical Applications of Chemical Shift Imaging. NMR Biomed. 1992; 5: 238–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown T. R., Kincaid B. M., Ugurbil K. NMR Chemical Shift Imaging in Three Dimensions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1982; 79: 3523–3526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frahm J., Bruhn H., Gyngell M. L., et al. Localized High-Resolution Proton NMR Spectroscopy Using Echoes:Initial Applications to Human Brain In Vivo. Magn. Reson. Med. 1989; 9: 79–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maudsley A. A., Hilal S. K., Simon H. E., et al. In Vivo MR Spectroscopic Imaging with P-31. Work in Progress. Radiology 1984; 153: 745–750
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyten P. R., Marien A. J., den Hollander J. A. Acquisition and Quantitation in Proton Spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 1991; 4: 64–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moonen C. T., von Kienlin M., van Zijl P. C., Cohen J., Gillen J., Daly P., Wolf G. Comparison of Single-Shot Localization Methods (STEAM and PRESS)for In Vivo Proton NMR Spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1989; 2: 201–208
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bottomley P. A. Spatial Localization in NMR Spectroscopy In Vivo. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1987; 508: 333–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas M. A., Narayan P., Kurhanewicz J., et al. 1H MR Spectroscopy of Normal and Malignant Human Prostates InVivo. J. Magn. Reson 1990; 87: 610–619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schick F., Bongers H., Kurz S., et al. Localized Proton MR Spectroscopy of Citrate In Vitro and ofthe Prostate In Vivo at 1.5 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 1993; 29: 38–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracewell R. N. The Fourier Transform and Its Applications. McGraw-Hill, New York 1978; 104–107
   Google Scholar
• Marcei T. H., Booker H. R. High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Spectra from Sensitive RegionDefined with Pulsed Field Gradients. J. Magn. Reson. 1984; 57: 157–163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Star L. J., Nelson S. J., Kurhanewicz J., et al. Improved Water and Lipid Suppression for 3D PRESS CSI UsingRF Band Selective Inversion with Gradient Dephasing (BASING). Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 38: 311–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuan-Khanh C. T., Vigneron D. B., Sailasuta N., et al. Very Selective Suppression Pulses for Clinical MRSI Studiesof Brain and Prostate Cancer. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 43: 23–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaji Y., Kurhanewicz J., Hricak H., et al. Localizing Prostate Cancer in the Presence of Postbiopsy Changeson MR Images: Role of Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Radiology 1998; 206: 785–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick D. G., Jr., Graham S. D., Napalkov P., et al. Staging of Early Prostate Cancer: A Proposed Tumor Volume-BasedPrognostic Index. Urology 1993; 41: 403–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey T. A., McNeal J. E., Freiha F. S., et al. Morphometric and Clinical Studies on 68 Consecutive RadicalProstatectomies. J. Urol 1988; 139: 1235–1241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleason D. Histologic Grading of Prostate Cancer: A Perspective. Hum. Pathol 1992; 23: 273–279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick D. G., Myers R. P., Oesterling J. E. Staging of Prostate Cancer. Semin. Surg. Oncol 1994; 10: 60–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brawer M. K., Lange P. H. Prostate-Specific Antigen in Management of Prostatic Carcinoma. Urology 1989; 33(suppl 5)11–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohori M., Wheeler T. M., Scardino P. T. The New American Joint Committee on Cancer and InternationalUnion Against Cancer TNM Classification of Prostate Cancer. ClinicopathologicCorrelations. Cancer 1994; 74: 104x–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohori M., Wheeler T. M., Dunn J. K., et al. The Pathological Features and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Detectablewith Current Diagnostic Tests. J. Urol 1994; 152(5)1714–1720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey T. A., Freiha F. S., McNeal J. E., et al. Localized Prostate Cancer. Relationship of Tumor Volume to ClinicalSignificance for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 933–938
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zagars G. K. Prostate Specific Antigen as an Outcome Variable for T1 andT2 Prostate Cancer Treated by Radiation Therapy. J. Urol 1994; 152: 1786–1791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee W. R., Hanlon A. L., Hanks G. E. Prostate Specific Antigen Nadir Following External Beam RadiationTherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: The Relationship BetweenNadir Level and Disease-Free Survival. J. Urol 1996; 156(2)450–453
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blasko J. C., Wallner K., Grimm P. D., et al. Prostate Specific Antigen Based Disease Control Following UltrasoundGuided 125Iodine Implantation for Stage T1/T2 Prostatic Carcinoma. J. Urol 1995; 154: 1096–1099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigneron D., Nelson S., Kurhanewicz J. Proton Chemical Shift Imaging of Cancer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Body, H. Hricak, C. B. Higgins, C. A. Helms. Chapter12, Raven Press, New York 1996; 205–220
   Google Scholar
• Kalbhen C. L., Hricak H., Chen M., et al. Prostate Carcinoma: MR Imaging Findings After Cryosurgery. Radiology 1996; 198: 807–811
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M., Hricak H., Kalbhen C. L., et al. Hormonal Ablation of Prostatic Cancer: Effects on Prostate Morphology,Tumor Detection, and Staging by Endorectal CoilMR Imaging. Am. J. Roentgenol 1996; 166: 1157–1163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson J. W., Saliken J. C., Donnelly B. J., et al. Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Men Treated with Cryosurgery forLocalized Prostate Carcinoma. Cancer 1999; 86: 1793–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurhanewicz J., Vigneron D. B., Hricak H., et al. Prostate Cancer: Metabolic Response to Cryosurgery as Detectedwith 3D H-1 MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Radiology 1996; 200: 489–496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parivar F., Hricak H., Shinohara K., et al. Detection of Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Cryosurgery:Evaluation by Transrectal Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Three-DimensionalProton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Urology 1996; 48(4)594–599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parivar F., Kurhanewicz J. Detection of Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Cryosurgery. Curr. Opin. Urol 1998; 8: 83–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montironi R., Schulman C. C. Pathological Changes in Prostate Lesions After Androgen Manipulation. J. Clin. Pathol 1998; 51: 5–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M¨eller-Lisse U. G., Swanson M. G., Vigneron D. B., Hrícak H., Bessette A., Males R. G., Wood P. J., Noworolski S., Nelson S. J., Barken I., Carroll P. R., Kurhanewicz J. Time-Dependent Effects of Hormone Deprivation Therapy on ProstateMetabolism as Detected by Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3D MagneticResonance Spectroscopic Imaging. Magn. Reson. Med., 2001, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M¨eller-Lisse U. G., Vigneron D. B., Hrícak H., Swanson M. G., Carroll P. R., Bessette A., Scheidler J., Males R. G., Cha I., Kurhanewicz J. Effect of Male Hormone Deprivation Therapy on Localizing ProstateCancer with Combined 3D 1H-MR Spectroscopic Imaging and MR Imaging: Clinico-PathologicCase-Controlled Study. Radiology, 2001, in press
   Google Scholar
• Paulson D. F. Impact of Radical Prostatectomy in the Management of ClinicallyLocalized Disease. J. Urol. 1994; 152: 1826–1830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohori M., Wheeler T. M., Kattan M. W., et al. Prognostic Significance of Positive Surgical Margins in RadicalProstatectomy Specimens. J. Urol. 1995; 154: 1818–1824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson R. B., Civantos F., Soloway M. S. Positive Surgical Margins with Radical Prostatectomy: DetailedPathological Analysis and Prognosis. Urology 1996; 48: 80–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Amico A. V., Whittington R., Malkowicz S. B., et al. A Multivariate Analysis of Clinical and Pathological FactorsThat Predict for Prostate Specific Antigen Failure After Radical Prostatectomyfor Prostate Cancer. J. Urol. 1995; 154: 131–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nudell D. M., Grossfeld G. D., Weinberg V. K., et al. Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy: Treatment Outcomesand Failure Patterns. Urology 1999; 54: 1049–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragde H., Blasko J. C., Grimm P. D., et al. Interstitial Iodine-125 Radiation Without Adjuvant Therapy inthe Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80: 442–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallner K., Roy J., Harrison L. Tumor Control and Morbidity Following Transperineal Iodine 125Implantation for Stage T1/T2 Prostatic Carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol 1996; 14: 449–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinberg L., Wallner K., Roy J., et al. Treatment-Related Symptoms During the First Year Following Transperineal125I Prostate Implantation. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1994; 28: 985–990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar