49
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Genetics

Looking Beyond Morphology: Cancer Gene Expression Profiling Using DNA Microarrays

, Ph.D., , Ph.D., , Ph.D. & , Ph.D.
Pages 937-949 | Published online: 12 Oct 2003

References

  • Hanahan D., Weinberg R. A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100(1)57–70
  • Gray J. W., Collins C. Genome changes and gene expression in human solid tumors. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 443–452
  • International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409: 860–921
  • Venter J. C., Adams M. D., Myers E. W., et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science 2001; 291: 1304–1351
  • Ramaswamy S., Golub T. R. DNA microarrays in clinical oncology. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 7: 1932–1941
  • Shoemaker D. D., Linsley P. S. Recent developments in DNA microarrays. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2002; 5(3)334–337
  • Liang P. A decade of differential display. Biotechniques 2002; 33(2)338–344
  • Schena M., Shalon D., Davis R. W., Brown P. O. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 1995; 270: 467–470
  • Southern E., Mir K., Shchepinov M. Molecular interactions on microarrays. Nat. Genet. 1999; 21(1)5–9
  • Lockhart D. J., Dong H., Byrne M. C., Follettie M. T., Gallo M. V., Chee M. S., Mittmann M., Wang C., Kobayashi M., Horton H., Brown E. L. Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Biotechnol. 1996; 14: 1675–1680
  • Riggins G. J., Strausberg R. L. Genome and genetic resources from the cancer genome anatomy project. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001; 10: 663–667
  • Beaucage S. L. Strategies in the preparation of DNA oligonucleotide arrays for diagnostic applications. Curr. Med. Chem. 2001; 8: 1213–1244
  • Kane M. D., Jatkoe T. A., Stumpf C. R., Lu J., Thomas J. D., Madore S. J. Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of oligonucleotide (50 mer) microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000; 28: 4552–4557
  • Hughes T. R., Mao M., Jones A. R., Burchard J., Marton M. J., Shannon K. W., Lefkowitz S. M., Ziman M., Schelter J. M., Meyer M. R., Kobayashi S., Davis C., Dai H., He Y. D., Stephaniants S. B., Cavet G., Walker W. L., West A., Coffey E., Shoemaker D. D., Stoughton R., Blanchard A. P., Friend S. H., Linsley P. S. Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001; 19: 342–347
  • Duggan D. J., Bittner M., Chen Y., Meltzer P., Trent J. M. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nat. Genet. 1999; 21(1)10–14
  • Luo J., Duggan D. J., Chen Y., Sauvageot J., Ewing C. M., Bittner M. L., Trent J. M., Isaacs W. B. Human prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: molecular dissection by gene expression profiling. Cancer Res. 2001; 61(12)4683–4688
  • Van Gelder R. N., von Zastrow M. E., Yool A., Dement W. C., Barchas J. D., Eberwine J. H. Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1990; 87(5)1663–1667
  • Xiang C. C., Kozhich O. A., Chen M., Inman J. M., Phan Q. N., Chen Y., Brownstein M. J. Amine-modified random primers to label probes for DNA microarrays. Nat. Biotechnol. 2002; 20(7)738–742
  • Stears R. L., Getts R. C., Gullans S. R. A novel, sensitive detection system for high-density microarrays using dendrimer technology. Physiol. Genomics 2000; 3(2)93–99
  • Karsten S. L., Van Deerlin V. M., Sabatti C., Gill L. H., Geschwind D. H. An evaluation of tyramide signal amplification and archived fixed and frozen tissue in microarray gene expression analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002; 30(2)E4
  • Brady G. Expression profiling of single mammalian cells—small is beautiful. Yeast 2000; 17(3)211–217
  • Dobbin K., Simon R. Comparison of microarray designs for class comparison and class discovery. Bioinformatics 2002; 18(11)1438–1445
  • Orr M. S., Scherf U. Large-scale gene expression analysis in molecular target discovery. Leukemia 2002; 16(4)473–477
  • Quackenbush J. Computational analysis of microarray data. Nat. Rev., Genet. 2001; 2: 418–427
  • Eisen M. B., Spellman P. T., Brown P. O., Botstein D. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998; 95: 14863–14868
  • Golub T. R., Slonim D. K., Tamayo P., Huard C., Gaasenbeek M., Mesirov J. P., Coller H., Loh M. L., Downing J. R., Caligiuri M. A., Bloomfield C. D., Lander E. S. Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 1999; 286: 531–537
  • Brown M. P., Grundy W. N., Lin D., Cristianini N., Sugnet C. W., Furey T. S., Ares M., Jr., Haussler D. Knowledge-based analysis of microarray gene expression data by using support vector machines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000; 97: 262–267
  • Chen Y., Kamat V., Dougherty E. R., Bittner M. L., Meltzer P. S., Trent J. M. Ratio statistics of gene expression levels and applications to microarray data analysis. Bioinformatics 2002; 18(9)1207–1215
  • Tusher V. G., Tibshirani R., Chu G. Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 5116–5121
  • Dougherty E. R., Barrera J., Brun M., Kim S., Cesar R. M., Chen Y., Bittner M., Trent J. M. Inference from clustering with application to gene-expression microarrays. J. Comput. Biol. 2002; 9(1)105–126
  • Epstein J. I., Potter S. The pathological interpretation and significance of prostate needle biopsy findings: implications and current controversies. J. Urol. 2001; 166: 402–410
  • Jiang Z., Woda B. A., Rock K. L., Xu Y., Savas L., Khan A., Pihan G., Cai F., Babcook J. S., Rathanaswami P., Reed S. G., Xu J., Fanger G. R. P504S: a new molecular marker for the detection of prostate carcinoma. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2001; 25: 1397–1404
  • Luo J., Zha S., Gage W. R., Dunn T. A., Hicks J. L., Bennett C. J., Ewing C. M., Platz E. A., Ferdinandusse S., Wanders R. J., Trent J. M., Isaacs W. B., De Marzo A. M. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a new molecular marker for prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 2220–2226
  • Rubin M. A., Zhou M., Dhanasekaran S. M., Varambally S., Barrette T. R., Sanda M. G., Pienta K. J., Ghosh D., Chinnaiyan A. M. Alpha-methylacyl coenzyme a racemase as a tissue biomaker for prostate cancer. JAMA 2002; 287: 1662–1670
  • Xu J., Stolk J. A., Zhang X., Silva S. J., Houghton R. L., Matsumura M., Vedvick T. S., Leslie K. B., Badaro R., Reed S. G. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human prostate cancer using subtraction and microarray. Cancer Res. 2000; 60: 1677–1682
  • Jiang Z., Wu C. L., Woda B. A., Dresser K., Xu J., Fanger G. R., Yang X. J. P504S/alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a useful marker for diagnosis of small foci of prostatic carcinoma on needle biopsy. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2002; 26(9)1169–1174
  • Ferdinandusse S., Denis S., Ijlst L., Dacremont G., Waterham H. R., Wanders R. J. Subcellular localization and physiological role of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase. J. Lipid Res. 2000; 41: 1890–1896
  • The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, R. J.A. Wanders, C. Jacobs, O. H. Skjeldal, C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, D. Valle. McGraw Hill, London 2001; 3303–3321
  • Chan J. M., Stampfer M. J., Ma J., Gann P. H., Gaziano J. M., Giovannucci E. L. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the physicians' health study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001; 74: 549–554
  • Wanders R. J., Vreken P., Ferdinandusse S., Jansen G. A., Waterham H. R., van Roermund C. W., Van Grunsven E. G. Peroxisomal fatty acid- and β-oxidation in humans: enzymology, peroxisomal metabolite transporters and peroxisomal diseases. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2001; 29: 250–267
  • Ockner R. K., Kaikaus R. M., Bass N. M. Fatty-acid metabolism and the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: review and hypothesis. Hepatology 1993; 18: 669–676
  • Tamatani T., Hattori K., Naashiro K., Hayashi Y., Wu S., Klumpp D., Reddy J. K., Oyasu R. Neoplastic conversion of human urothelial cells in vitro by overexpression of H2O2-generating peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA oxidase. Int. J. Oncol. 1999; 15: 743–749
  • Rhodes D. R., Barrette T. R., Rubin M. A., Ghosh D., Chinnaiyan A. M. Meta-analysis of microarrays: interstudy validation of gene expression profiles reveals pathway dysregulation in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2002; 62(15)4427–4433
  • Dhanasekaran S. M., Barrette T. R., Ghosh D., Shah R., Varambally S., Kurachi K., Pienta K. J., Rubin M. A., Chinnaiyan A. M. Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Nature 2001; 412: 822–826
  • Magee J. A., Araki T., Patil S., Ehrig T., True L., Humphrey P. A., Catalona W. J., Watson M. A., Milbrandt J. Expression profiling reveals hepsin overexpression in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 5692–5696
  • Welsh J. B., Sapinoso L. M., Su A. I., Kern S. G., Wang-Rodriguez J., Moskaluk C. A., Frierson H. F., Jr., Hampton G. M. Analysis of gene expression identifies candidate markers and pharmacological targets in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2001; 6: 5974–5978
  • LaTulippe E., Satagopan J., Smith A., Scher H., Scardino P., Reuter V., Gerald W. L. Comprehensive gene expression analysis of prostate cancer reveals distinct transcriptional programs associated with metastatic disease. Cancer Res. 2002; 62(15)4499–4506
  • Burger M. J., Tebay M. A., Keith P. A., Samaratunga H. M., Clements J., Lavin M. F., Gardiner R. A. Expression analysis of delta-catenin and prostate-specific membrane antigen: their potential as diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. Int. J. Cancer 2002; 100(2)228–237
  • Ernst T., Hergenhahn M., Kenzelmann M., Cohen C. D., Bonrouhi M., Weninger A., Klaren R., Grone E. F., Wiesel M., Gudemann C., Kuster J., Schott W., Staehler G., Kretzler M., Hollstein M., Grone H. J. Decrease and gain of gene expression are equally discriminatory markers for prostate carcinoma: a gene expression analysis on total and microdissected prostate tissue. Am. J. Pathol. 2002; 160(6)2169–2180
  • Luo J. H., Yu Y. P., Cieply K., Lin F., Deflavia P., Dhir R., Finkelstein S., Michalopoulos G., Becich M. Gene expression analysis of prostate cancers. Mol. Carcinog. 2002; 33(1)25–35
  • Stamey T. A., Warrington J. A., Caldwell M. C., Chen Z., Fan Z., Mahadevappa M., McNeal J. E., Nolley R., Zhang Z. Molecular genetic profiling of gleason grade 4/5 prostate cancers compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 2001; 166(6)2171–2177
  • Bittner M., Meltzer P., Chen Y., Jiang Y., Seftor E., Hendrix M., Radmacher M., Simon R., Yakhini Z., Ben-Dor A., Sampas N., Dougherty E., Wang E., Marincola F., Gooden C., Lueders J., Glatfelter A., Pollock P., Carpten J., Gillanders E., Leja D., Dietrich K., Beaudry C., Berens M., Alberts D., Sondak V., Hayward N., Trent J. Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling. Nature 2000; 406: 536–540
  • Hedenfalk I., Duggan D., Chen Y., Radmacher M., Bittner M., Simon R., Meltzer P., Gusterson B., Esteller M., Kallioniemi O. P., Wilfond B., Borg A., Trent J. Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 344: 539–548
  • Perou C. M., Sorlie T., Eisen M. B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S. S., Rees C. A., Pollack J. R., Ross D. T., Johnsen H., Akslen L. A., Fluge O., Pergamenschikov A., Williams C., Zhu S. X., Lonning P. E., Borresen-Dale A. L., Brown P. O., Botstein D. Molecular portraits of human breast tumors. Nature 2000; 406: 747–752
  • Sorlie T., Perou C. M., Tibshirani R., Aas T., Geisler S., Johnsen H., Hastie T., Eisen M. B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S. S., Thorsen T., Quist H., Matese J. C., Brown P. O., Botstein D., Eystein Lonning P., Borresen-Dale A. L. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 10869–10874
  • Yeoh E. J., Ross M. E., Shurtleff S. A., Williams W. K., Patel D., Mahfouz R., Behm F. G., Raimondi S. C., Relling M. V., Patel A., Cheng C., Campana D., Wilkins D., Zhou X., Li J., Liu H., Pui C. H., Evans W. E., Naeve C., Wong L., Downing J. R. Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling. Cancer Cells 2002; 1(2)133–143
  • Ferrando A. A., Neuberg D. S., Staunton J., Loh M. L., Huard C., Raimondi S. C., Behm F. G., Pui C. H., Downing J. R., Gilliland D. G., Lander E. S., Golub T. R., Look A. T. Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cells 2002; 1(1)75–87
  • Kim S., Dougherty E. R., Barrera J., Chen Y., Bittner M. L., Trent J. M. Strong feature sets from small samples. J. Comput. Biol. 2002; 9(1)127–146
  • Bhattacharjee A., Richards W. G., Staunton J., Li C., Monti S., Vasa P., Ladd C., Beheshti J., Bueno R., Gillette M., Loda M., Weber G., Mark E. J., Lander E. S., Wong W., Johnson B. E., Golub T. R., Sugarbaker D. J., Meyerson M. Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 13790–13795
  • Virtanen C., Ishikawa Y., Honjoh D., Kimura M., Shimane M., Miyoshi T., Nomura H., Jones M. H. Integrated classification of lung tumors and cell lines by expression profiling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002; 99(19)12357–12362
  • Selaru F. M., Xu Y., Yin J., Zou T., Liu T. C., Mori Y., Abraham J. M., Sato F., Wang S., Twigg C., Olaru A., Shustova V., Leytin A., Hytiroglou P., Shibata D., Harpaz N., Meltzer S. J. Artificial neural networks distinguish among subtypes of neoplastic colorectal lesions. Gastroenterology 2002; 122(3)606–613
  • Belbin T. J., Singh B., Barber I., Socci N., Wenig B., Smith R., Prystowsky M. B., Childs G. Molecular classification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using cDNA microarrays. Cancer Res. 2002; 62(4)1184–1190
  • Ono K., Tanaka T., Tsunoda T., Kitahara O., Kihara C., Okamoto A., Ochiai K., Takagi T., Nakamura Y. Identification by cDNA microarray of genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(18)5007–5011
  • Varambally S., Dhanasekaran S. M., Zhou M., Barrette T. R., Kumar-Sinha C., Sanda M. G., Ghosh D., Pienta K. J., Sewalt R. G., Otte A. P., Rubin M. A., Chinnaiyan A. M. The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer. Nature 2002; 419(6907)624–629
  • Ross D. T., Scherf U., Eisen M. B., Perou C. M., Rees C., Spellman P., Iyer V., Jeffrey S. S., Van de Rijn M., Waltham M., Pergamenschikov A., Lee J. C., Lashkari D., Shalon D., Myers T. G., Weinstein J. N., Botstein D., Brown P. O. Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines. Nat. Genet. 2000; 24(3)227–235
  • Ramaswamy S., Tamayo P., Rifkin R., Mukherjee S., Yeang C. H., Angelo M., Ladd C., Reich M., Latulippe E., Mesirov J. P., Poggio T., Gerald W., Loda M., Lander E. S., Golub T. R. Multiclass cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 15149–15154
  • Su A. I., Welsh J. B., Sapinoso L. M., Kern S. G., Dimitrov P., Lapp H., Schultz P. G., Powell S. M., Moskaluk C. A., Frierson H. F., Jr., Hampton G. M. Molecular classification of human carcinomas by use of gene expression signatures. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 7388–7393
  • Alizadeh A. A., Eisen M. B., Davis R. E., Ma C., Lossos I. S., Rosenwald A., Boldrick J. C., Sabet H., Tran T., Yu X., Powell J. I., Yang L., Marti G. E., Moore T., Hudson J., Jr., Lu L., Lewis D. B., Tibshirani R., Sherlock G., Chan W. C., Greiner T. C., Weisenburger D. D., Armitage J. O., Warnke R., Staudt L. M. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 2000; 403: 503–511
  • Shipp M. A., Ross K. N., Tamayo P., Weng A. P., Kutok J. L., Aguiar R. C., Gaasenbeek M., Angelo M., Reich M., Pinkus G. S., Ray T. S., Koval M. A., Last K. W., Norton A., Lister T. A., Mesirov J., Neuberg D. S., Lander E. S., Aster J. C., Golub T. R. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcome prediction by gene-expression profiling and supervised machine learning. Nat. Med. 2002; 8(1)68–74
  • Rosenwald A., Wright G., Chan W. C., Connors J. M., Campo E., Fisher R. I., Gascoyne R. D., Muller-Hermelink H. K., Smeland E. B., Giltnane J. M., Hurt E. M., Zhao H., Averett L., Yang L., Wilson W. H., Jaffe E. S., Simon R., Klausner R. D., Powell J., Duffey P. L., Longo D. L., Greiner T. C., Weisenburger D. D., Sanger W. G., Dave B. J., Lynch J. C., Vose J., Armitage J. O., Montserrat E., Lopez-Guillermo A., Grogan T. M., Miller T. P., LeBlanc M., Ott G., Kvaloy S., Delabie J., Holte H., Krajci P., Stokke T., Staudt L. M. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 346(25)1937–1947
  • Staudt L. M. It's ALL in the diagnosis. Cancer Cells 2002; 1(2)109–110
  • Rosenwald A., Staudt L. M. Clinical translation of gene expression profiling in lymphomas and leukemias. Semin. Oncol. 2002; 29(3)258–263
  • West M., Blanchette C., Dressman H., Huang E., Ishida S., Spang R., Zuzan H., Olson J. A., Jr., Marks J. R., Nevins J. R. Predicting clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 11462–11467
  • van't Veer L. J., Dai H., van de Vijver M. J., He Y. D., Hart A. A., Mao M., Peterse H. L., van der Kooy K., Marton M. J., Witteveen A. T., Schreiber G. J., Kerkhoven R. M., Roberts C., Linsley P. S., Bernards R., Friend S. H. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 2002; 415: 530–536
  • Bhattacharjee A., Richards W. G., Staunton J., Li C., Monti S., Vasa P., Ladd C., Beheshti J., Bueno R., Gillette M., Loda M., Weber G., Mark E. J., Lander E. S., Wong W., Johnson B. E., Golub T. R., Sugarbaker D. J., Meyerson M. Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 13790–13795
  • Garber M. E., Troyanskaya O. G., Schluens K., Petersen S., Thaesler Z., Pacyna-Gengelbach M., van de Rijn M., Rosen G. D., Perou C. M., Whyte R. I., Altman R. B., Brown P. O., Botstein D., Petersen I. Diversity of gene expression in adenocarcinomas of the lung. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 13784–13789
  • Beer D. G., Kardia S. L., Huang C. C., Giordano T. J., Levin A. M., Misek D. E., Lin L., Chen G., Gharib T. G., Thomas D. G., Lizyness M. L., Kuick R., Hayasaka S., Taylor J. M., Iannettoni M. D., Orringer M. B., Hanash S. Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Nat. Med. 2002; 8(8)816–824
  • Takahashi M., Rhodes D. R., Furge K. A., Kanayama H., Kagawa S., Haab B. B., Teh B. T. Gene expression profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: gene identification and prognostic classification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001; 98: 9754–9759
  • Pomeroy S. L., Tamayo P., Gaasenbeek M., Sturla L. M., Angelo M., McLaughlin M. E., Kim J. Y., Goumnerova L. C., Black P. M., Lau C., Allen J. C., Zagzag D., Olson J. M., Curran T., Wetmore C., Biegel J. A., Poggio T., Mukherjee S., Rifkin R., Califano A., Stolovitzky G., Louis D. N., Mesirov J. P., Lander E. S., Golub T. R. Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature 2002; 415: 436–442
  • Singh D., Febbo P. G., Ross K., Jackson D. G., Manola J., Ladd C., Tamayo P., Renshaw A. A., D'Amico A. V., Richie J. P., Lander E. S., Loda M., Kantoff P. W., Golub T. R., Sellers W. R. Gene expression correlates of clinical prostate cancer behavior. Cancer Cells 2002; 1(2)203–209
  • Holmberg L., Bill-Axelson A., Helgesen F., Salo J. O., Folmerz P., Haggman M., Andersson S. O., Spangberg A., Busch C., Nordling S., Palmgren J., Adami H. O., Johansson J. E., Norlen B. J. A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 347(11)781–789
  • Walsh P. C. Surgery and the reduction of mortality from prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 347(11)839–840
  • Partin A. W., Mangold L. A., Lamm D. M., Walsh P. C., Epstein J. I., Pearson J. D. Contemporary update of prostate cancer staging nomograms (Partin Tables) for the new millennium. Urology 2001; 58(6)843–848
  • Gleason D. Classification of prostatic carcinomas. Cancer Chemother. Rep. 1966; 50: 125–128
  • Han M., Partin A. W., Pound C. R., Epstein J. I., Walsh P. C. Long-term biochemical disease-free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy: the 15-year Johns Hopkins experience. Urol. Clin. North Am. 2001; 28(3)555–565
  • Ring B. Z., Ross D. T. Microarrays and molecular markers for tumor classification. Genome Biol. 2002; 3(5)
  • Kitahara O., Furukawa Y., Tanaka T., Kihara C., Ono K., Yanagawa R., Nita M. E., Takagi T., Nakamura Y., Tsunoda T. Alterations of gene expression during colorectal carcinogenesis revealed by cDNA microarrays after laser-capture microdissection of tumor tissues and normal epithelia. Cancer Res. 2001; 61(9)3544–3549
  • Mills J. C., Roth K. A., Cagan R. L., Gordon J. I. DNA microarrays and beyond: completing the journey from tissue to cell. Nat. Cell Biol. 2001; 3(8)E175–E178
  • Assersohn L., Gangi L., Zhao Y., Dowsett M., Simon R., Powles T. J., Liu E. T. The feasibility of using fine needle aspiration from primary breast cancers for cDNA microarray analyses. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002; 8(3)794–801
  • Ellis M., Davis N., Coop A., Liu M., Schumaker L., Lee R. Y., Srikanchana R., Russell C. G., Singh B., Miller W. R., Stearns V., Pennanen M., Tsangaris T., Gallagher A., Liu A., Zwart A., Hayes D. F., Lippman M. E., Wang Y., Clarke R. Development and validation of a method for using breast core needle biopsies for gene expression microarray analyses. Clin. Cancer Res. 2002; 8(5)1155–1166

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.