INNOVATIVE ¹⁵N MICROPLOT RESEARCH TECHNIQUES TO STUDY NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS

REFERENCES

• Allmaras , R. R. and Nelson , W. W. 1971 . Corn (Zea mays L) root configuration as influenced by some row-inrow variants of tillage and straw mulch management . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. , 35 : 974 – 980 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , F. N. , Peterson , G. A. and Olson , R. A. 1972 . Uptake patterns of 15N tagged nitrate by sugarbeets as related to soil nitrate level and time . Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Tech. , 17 : 42 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin , J. G. , Porter , L. K. , Duke , H. R. and Ahuja , L. R. 1997 . Corn growth and nitrogen uptake with furrow irrigation and fertilizer bands . Agron. J. , 89 : 609 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin , J. G. , Porter , L. K. , Duke , H. R. , Ahuja , L. R. and Butters , G. 1998 . Nitrogen movement with furrow irrigation method and band placement . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 62 : 1103 – 1108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner , J. M. , Breitenbeck , G. A. and Blackmer , A. M. 1981 . Effect of anhydrous ammonia fertilization on emission of nitrous oxide from soils . J. Environ. Qual. , 10 : 77 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadbent , F. E. Residual effects of labeled N in field trials . Agron. J. , 72 325 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , M. A. and Volk , G. M. 1966 . Evaluation of ureaform fertilizer using nitrogen-15-labeled materials in sandy soils . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. , 30 : 278 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , J. N. , Bennett , O. L. and Pearson , R. W. 1967 . Recovery of fertilizer nitrogen under field conditions using nitrogen-15 . Soil Science Soc. Am. Proc. , 31 : 50 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Castellanos , J. Z. , Follett , R. F. , Mora , M. , Sosa , A. and Vargas , P. 1998 . 15N use under tillage treatments in a Vertisol . Agron. Abs. , 90 : 244
   Google Scholar
• Clark , F. E. 1977 . Internal cycling of 15Nitogen in shortgrass prairie . Ecology , 58 : 1322 – 1333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson , W. R. , Rowarth , J. S. and Cameron , K. C. 2000 . The effect of autumn applied 15N-labelled fertilizer on nitrate leaching in a cultivated soil during winter . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , : 56:99 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craswell , E. T. and Martin , A. E. 1975 . Isotopic studies of the nitrogen balance in a cracking clay. II. Recovery of nitrate 15N added to columns of packed soil and microplots growing wheat in the field . Aust. J. Soil Res. , 13 : 53 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado , J. A. and Mosier , A. R. 1996 . Mitigation alternatives to decrease nitrous oxides emissions and urea-nitrogen loss and their effect on methane flux . J. Environ. Qual. , 25 : 1105 – 1111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado , J. A. , Mosier , A. R. , Follett , R. H. , Follett , R. F. , Westfall , D. G. , Klemdtsson , L. K. and Vermeulen , J. 1996 . Effect of N management on N2O and CH4 fluxes and 15N recovery in an irrigated mountain meadow . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 46 : 127 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado , J. A. , Mosier , A. R. , Valentine , D. W. , Schimel , D. S. and Parton , W. J. 1996 . Long term 15N studies in a catena of the shortgrass steppe . Biogeochemistry , 32 : 41 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follett , R. F. , Allmaras , R. R. and Reichman , G. A. 1974 . Distribution of corn roots in sandy soil with a declining water table . Agron. J. , 66 : 288 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follett , R. F. , Porter , L. K. and Halvorson , A. D. 1991 . Border effects on nitrogen- 15 fertilized wheat microplots grown in the Great Plains . Agron. J. , 83 : 608 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follett , R. F. , Porter , L. K. and Halvorson , A. D. 1995 . “ Nitrogen-15 labeled fertilizer dynamics in soil in a 4 year, no till cropping sequence ” . In Nuclear Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation. Proceedings of an International Symposium sponsored by the IAEA and FAO 165 – 174 . (Vienna, Austria—October 17–21 1994)
   Google Scholar
• Godin , R. E. 1999 . Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Corn. Ph.D. Dissertation 148 Fort Collins , CO : Colorado State University .
   Google Scholar
• Halvorson , A. D. , Follett , R. F. and Bartolo , M. Onion growth and nitrogen uptake patterns in southeastern Colorado . Proc. National Onion (and other Allium) Research Conference . Dec. 10– 1998 . Edited by: Voss , R. E. pp. 322 – 329 . Sacramento , CA
   Google Scholar
• Hauck , R. D. , Meisinger , J. J. and Mulvaney , R. L. 1994 . “ Practical considerations in the use of nitrogen tracers in agricultural and environmental research ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2 , Microbiological and Biochemical Properties—SSSA Book Series, no. 5 907 – 950 . Madison , WI : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Hills , F. J. , Broadbent , F. E. and Fried , M. 1978 . Timing and rate of fertilizer nitrogen for sugarbeet related to nitrogen uptake and pollution potential . J. Environ. Qual. , 7 : 368 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokela , W. E. and Randall , G. W. 1987 . A nitrogen-15 microplot design for measuring plant and soil recovery of fertilizer nitrogen applied to corn . Agron. J. , 79 : 322 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legg , J. O. and Meisinger , J. J. 1982 . Soil nitrogen budgets Edited by: Stevenson , F. J. 503 – 566 . Madison , WI Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils. Agron. Monogr. 22. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA
   Google Scholar
• McGee , E. A. , Thompson , T. L. and McCreary , T. W. 1995 . An apparatus for application of nitrogen-15 fertilizers through buried drip tubing . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 59 : 1495 – 1498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , R. V. 1980 . Plot size requirements for measuring residual fertilizer nitrogen and nitrogen uptake by corn . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 44 : 428 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onken , A. B. , Wendt , C. W. , Wilke , O. C. , Hargrove , R. S. , Bausch , W. and Barnes , L. 1979 . Irrigation system effects on applied fertilizer nitrogen movement in soil . Soil Soc. Sci. Am. J. , 43 : 367 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papendick , R. I. and Parr , J. F. 1965 . Retention of anhydrous ammonia by soils. I. Mehtodology and experimental considerations . Soil Sci. , 100 : 182 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Patrick , W. H. Jr. , Reddy , K. R. and Charles , Mulbah . 1984 . Distribution of 15Ndepleted N in protein fractions of rice as affected by placement and timing of N fertilizer . Agron. J. , 76 : 705 – 706 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , L. K. 1995 . Depleted 15N carryover, leaching and uptake for three years of irrigated corn . J. Contam. Hydrol. , 20 : 209 – 226 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , L. K. , Follett , R. F. and Halvorson , A. D. 1996 . Fertilizer nitrogen recovery in a no-till wheat-sorghum-fallow-wheat sequence . Agron. J. , 88 : 750 – 757 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , L. K. and Mosier , A. R. ¹⁵N techniques and analytical procedures: Indo/U.S. Science and Technology Initiative. U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, ARS-95, 1992 pp. 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Powlson , D. S. , Pruden , G. , Johnston , A. E. and Jenkinson , D. S. 1986 . The nitrogen cycle in the Broadbalk wheat experiment: Recovery and loss of 15N-labeled fertilizer applied in spring and inputs of nitrogen from the atmosphere . J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge , 107 : 591 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio , J. L. and Hauck , R. D. 1986 . Uptake and use patterns of nitrogen from urea, oxamide, and isobutylidene diurea by rice plants . Plant and Soil , 94 : 109 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russelle , M. P. , Deibert , E. J. , Huack , R. D. , Stevanovic , M. and Olson , R. A. 1981 . Effects of water and nitrogen management on yield and 15N-depleted fertilizer use efficiency of irrigated corn . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 45 : 553 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffigna , P. 1988 . “ N-15 methodology in the field ” . In Advances in nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. Proc. Symp. at Brisbane Edited by: Wilson , J. R. 433 – 451 . Wallingford , UK Australia. 11–15 May 1987. CAB Int.
   Google Scholar
• San Luis Valley Water Quality Demonstration Project. 1999 , Best Management Practices for Nutrient and Irrigation Management in the San Luis Valley. SLVWQP. Monte Vista, CO pp. 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez , C. A. and Blackmer , A. M. 1987 . A method for application of nitrogen- 15-labeled anhydrous ammonia to small plots . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 51 : 259 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez , C. A. , Blackmer , A. M. , Horton , R. and Timmons , D. R. 1987 . Assessment of errors associated with plot size and lateral movement of nitrogen-15 when studying fertilizer recovery under field conditions . Soil Sci. , 144 : 344 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1998 . Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture , 8th ed. 326p Natural Resources Conservation Service .
   Google Scholar
• Stumpe , J. M. , Vlek , P. L.G. , Mughogho , S. K. and Ganry , F. 1989 . Microplot size requirements for measuring balances of fertilizer nitrogen-15 applied to maize . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 53 : 797 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomar , J. S. and Soper , R. J. 1981 . Fate of tagged urea N in field and different methods of N and organic matter placement . Agron. J. , 73 : 991 – 995 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerman , R. L. , Kurtz , L. t. and Hauck , R. D. 1972 . Recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizers in field experiments . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. , 36 : 82 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Westermann , D. T. , Kleinkopf , G. E. and Porter , L. K. 1988 . Nitrogen fertilizer efficiencies on potatoes . Amer. Potato J. , 65 : 377 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar