Growth, Osmotic Adjustment, and Nutrient Acquisition of Bitter Almond Under Induced Sodium Chloride Salinity In Vitro

References

• Meloni , D.A. , Oliva , M.A. , Ruiz , H.A. and Martinez , C.A. 2001 . Contribution of Proline and inorganic solutes to osmotic adjustment in cotton under salt stress . J. Plant Nutr. , 24 : 599 – 612 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Mohammad , M. , Abu-Ein , A. and Shatnawi , M. 2000 . Growth and micronutrient acquisition of some apple varieties in response to gradual in vitro induced salinity . J. Plant Nutr. , 23 : 1209 – 1215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammad , M. , Shibli , R. , Ajlouni , M. and Nimri , L. 1998 . Tomato root and shoot responses to salt stress under different levels of phosphorus nutrition . J. Plant Nutr. , 21 : 1667 – 1680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. 1993 . Influence of increased salinity on yield, fruit quality, and growth of hydroponic grown tomatoes . Mu'tah J. Res. Stud. , 8 : 153 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Jaradat , A.A. , Ajlouni , M.M. , Aljanabi , S. and Khawaldeh , W. 1998 . In Vitro multiplication of bitter almond (Amygdalus communis L.) . Damascus Univ. J. Agric. Sci. , 14 : 110 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Bolarin , M.C. , Perez-Alfoca , F. , Cano , E.A. , Estan , M.T. and Caro , M. 1993 . Growth, fruit yield, and ion concentration in tomato genotypes after pre- and post-emergence salt treatments . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 118 : 655 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M.A.L. , Spomer , L.A. , Shibli , R.A. and Knight , S.L. 1992 . Effect of NaCl salinity on miniature dwarf tomato micro-tom. II. Shoot and root growth responses, fruit production and osmotic adjustment . J. Plant Nutr. , 15 : 2329 – 2341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Smith , M.A.L. and Nasr , R. 1997 . Iron source and cytokinin mitigate the incidence of chlorosis and hyperhydration in vitro . J. Plant Nutr. , 20 : 773 – 781 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Sawwan , J. , Swaidat , I. and Tahat , M. 2001 . Increased phosphorous mitigates the adverse effects of salinity in tissues culture . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 32 : 429 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawwan , J. , Shibli , R.A. , Swaidat , I. and Thahat , M. 2000 . Phosphorus regulates osmotic potential and growth of African violet under in vitro-induced water deficit . J. Plant Nutr. , 23 : 759 – 771 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. and Al-Juboory , K.H. 2002 . Comparative responses of ‘Nabali’ olive microshoot, callus and suspension cell cultures to salinity and water deficit . J. Plant Nutr. , 25 ( 1 ) : 61 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rus , A.M. , Panoff , M. , Perez-Alfocea , F. and Bolarin , M.C. 1999 . NaCl responses in tomato calli and whole plants . J. Plant Physiol. , 155 : 727 – 733 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M.A.L. , Spomer , L.A. , Meyer , M.J. and McClelland , M.T. 1989 . Non-invasive image analysis evaluation of growth during plant micropropagation . Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. , 19 : 91 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , M.A.L. , Spomer , L.A. and McClelland , M.T. 1990 . Direct analysis of root zone data in a microculture system . Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. , 23 : 21 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutts , S. , Kinet , J.M. and Bouharmont , J. 1996 . Effects of various salts and of Mannitol on ion and Proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice (Oriza sativa L.) callus cultures . J. Plant Physiol. , 149 : 186 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Spomer , L.A. and Smith , M.A.L. 1992 . Osmotic adjustment and growth responses of three Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cultivars to osmotic stress induced in vitro . J. Plant Nutr. , 15 : 1373 – 1381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschaplinski , T.J. , Gebre , G.M. , Dahl , J.E. , Robert , G.T. and Tuskan , G.A. 1995 . Growth and solute adjustment of calli of Populus clones cultured on nutrient medium containing polyethylene glycol . Can. J. For. Res. , 25 : 1425 – 1433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Company , R. and Felipe , A.P. 1992 . Almond: a diverse germplasm . HortScience , 27 : 718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Shatnawi , M.A. , Ajlouni , M.M. , Jaradat , A. and Adham , Y. 1999 . Slow growth in vitro conservation of bitter almond (Amygdalys communis L.) . Adv. Hortic. Sci. , 13 : 133 – 134 .
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnik , L. and Kester , D. 1977 . Shoot culture of almond and almond-peach hybrid clones in vitro . HortScience , 12 : 545 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1984 . Official Methods of Analysis 152 – 162 . Washington, DC : Association Official Analysis Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , F.S. and Olsen , S.R. 1965 . Test of an ascorbic acid method for determining phosphorous in water and NaHCO3 extracts from soil . Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. , 21 : 677 – 678 .
   Google Scholar
• 1989 . User's Guide, Version 6 , 4th Ed. Cary, NC : Statistical Analysis System Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Cruz , V. , Cuatero , J. , Bolarin , M.C. and Romero , M. 1990 . Evaluation of characters for ascertaining salt stress response in Lycopersicon sp. . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. , 115 : 655 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalhevet , J. and Hsiao , T.C. 1986 . Salinity and drought: a comparison of their effects on osmotic adjustment, assimilation and growth . Irrig. Sci. , 7 : 249 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutts , S. , Kinet , J.M. and Bouharmont , J. 1999 . Improvement of rice callus regeneration in the presence of NaCl . Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. , 57 : 3 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , J.M. 1984 . Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants . Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. , 35 : 299 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Okusanya , O.T. and Aunpar , I. 1984 . The growth and mineral composition of three species of Spergularia as affected by salinity and nutrients at high salinity . Ann. J. Bot. , 7 : 439 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira dos Santos , C.L. and Caldeira , G. 1999 . Comparative responses of Helianthus annus plants and calli exposed to NaCl. I. Growth rate and osmotic regulation in intact plant and calli . J. Plant Physiol. , 155 : 769 – 777 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon , M.C. , Gronwald , J.W. and Tal , M. 1987 . Effects of salinity on growth and accumulation of organic and inorganic ions in cultivated and wild tomatoes . J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. , 112 : 416 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibli , R.A. , Suwwan , M.A. and Eriefej , K.I. 1998 . Response of TYLCV tolerant tomato to NaCl salinity stress: vegetative growth and nutrient uptake . Dirasat , 25 : 89 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Al-Rawahy , S.A. , Stroehlein , J.L. and Pessarakli , M. 1990 . Effect of salt stress on dry matter production and nitrogen uptake by tomatoes . J. Plant Nutr. , 13 : 567 – 577 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pessarakli , M. and Tucker , T.C. 1988 . Dry matter yield and nitrogen-15 uptake by tomatoes under sodium chloride stress . Soil Ann. J. , 52 : 698 – 700 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigin , A. , Rylski , I. , Meiri , A. and Shalhevet , J. 1987 . Response of melon and tomato plants to chloride nitrate ratio in saline nutrient solution . J. Plant Nutr. , 10 : 1787 – 1794 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafkafi , U. , Valoras , N. and Letey , J. 1982 . Chloride interaction with nitrate and phosphorous nutrition in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum . J. Plant Nutr. , 5 : 1369 – 1385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight , S.L. , Rogers , R.B. , Smith , M.A.L. and Spomer , L.A. 1992 . Effects of NaCl salinity on miniature dwarf tomato ‘Micro Tom’: growth analysis and nutrient composition . J. Plant Nutr. , 15 : 2315 – 2327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munson , R.D. and Nelson , W.L. 1973 . “ Principles and practices in plant analysis ” . In Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Edited by: Walsh , L.M. and Beaton , J.D. Madison, WI : Soil Science Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• Tal , M. and Shannon , M.C. 1983 . Salt tolerance in the wild relatives of cultivated tomato: response of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cheesmanii, Solanum penellii and F1 hybrids to high salinity . Aust. J. Plant Physiol. , 10 : 109 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernestin , L. and Pearson , G.A. 1956 . Influence of exchangeable sodium on the yield and chemical composition of plants. I. Green beans, garden beets, clover, and alfalfa . Soil Sci. , 82 : 247 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Matar , Y. , Doering , H.W. and Marschner , H. 1975 . Effect of NaCl and Na2SO4 on dry matter production, mineral content, and organic compounds of spinach and lettuce . Z. Pflanzenernaeher Bodenkd. , 3 : 295 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , G.A. and Bernstein , L. 1958 . Influence of exchangeable sodium on yield and chemical composition of plants. II. Wheat, barley, oat, rice, tall fescue and tall wheatgrass . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 52 : 698 – 700 .
   Google Scholar