246
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Pharmacogenetics‐Based New Therapeutic Concepts

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 617-638 | Published online: 25 Oct 2004

References

  • Ayrton A., Morgan P. Role of transport proteins in drug absorption, distribution and excretion. Xenobiotica 2001; 31: 469–497, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Bönicke R., Losboa B. P. Über die Erbbedingtheit der intraindividuellen Konstanz der Isoniazidausscheidung beim Menschen (Untersuchungen an eineiigen Zwillingen). Naturwissenschaften 1957; 44: 314
  • Brockmöller J., Kirchheiner J., Meisel C., Roots I. Pharmacogenetic diagnostics of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2000; 1: 125–151, [CSA]
  • Brockmöller J., Kirchheiner J., Schmider J., Walter S., Sachse C., Müller‐Oerlinghausen B., Roots I. The impact on the CYP2D6 polymorphism on haloperidol pharmacokinetics and on the outcome of haloperidol treatment. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002; 72: 438–452, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Cole S. P.C., Bhardwaj G., Gerlach J. H., Mackie J. E., Grant C. E., Almquist K. C., Steward A. J., Kurz E. U., Duncan A. M., Deeley R. G. Overexpression of a transporter gene in a multidrug‐resistant human lung cancer cell line. Science 1992; 258: 1650–1654, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cooke G. E., Bray P. F., Hamlington J. D., Pham D. M., Goldschmidt‐Clermont P. J. PlA2 polymorphism and efficacy of aspirin [letter]. Lancet 1998; 351: 1253, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Cordon‐Cardo C., O'Brien J. P., Boccia J., Casals D., Bertino J. R., Melamed M. R. Expression of the multidrug resistance gene product (P‐glycoprotein) in human normal and tumor tissues. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1990; 38: 1277–1287
  • Cusi D., Barlassina C., Azzani T., Casari G., Citterio L., Devoto M., Glorioso N., Lanzani C., Manunta P., Righetti M., Rivera R., Stella P., Troffa C., Zagato L., Bianchi G. Polymorphisms of alpha‐adducin and salt sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Lancet 1997; 349: 1353–1357, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Cvetkovic M., Leake B., Fromm M. F., Wilkinson G. R., Kim R. B. OATP and P‐glycoprotein transporters mediate the cellular uptake and excretion of fexofenadine. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1999; 27: 866–871, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Dishy V., Sofowora G. G., Xie H. G., Kim R. B., Byrne D. W., Stein C. M., Wood A. J. The effect of common polymorphisms of the beta2‐adrenergic receptor on agonist‐mediated vascular desensitization. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 345: 1030–1035, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Dojo M., Azuma T., Saito T., Ohtani M., Muramatsu A., Kuriyama M. Effects of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole and rabeprazole), amoxycillin, and clarithromycin. Digest Liver Dis. 2001; 33: 671–675, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Drazen J. M., Yandava C. N., Dube L., Szczerback N., Hippensteel R., Pillari A., Israel E., Schork N., Silverman E. S., Katz D. A., Drajesk J. Pharmacogenetic association between ALOX5 promoter genotype and the response to anti‐asthma treatment. Nat. Genet. 1999; 22: 168–170, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Drysdale C. M., McGraw D. W., Stack C. B., Stephens J. C., Judson R. S., Nandabalan K., Arnold K., Ruano G., Liggett S. B. Complex promoter and coding region beta 2‐adrenergic receptor haplotypes alter receptor expression and predict in vivo responsiveness. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000; 97: 10483–10488, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Esteller M., Garcia‐Foncillas J., Andion E., Goodman S. N., Hidalgo O. F., Vanaclocha V., Baylin S. B., Herman J. G. Inactivation of the DNA‐repair gene MGMT and the clinical response of gliomas to alkylating agents. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000; 343: 1350–1354, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Fellay J., Marzolini C., Meaden E. R., Back D. J., Buclin T., Chave J. P., Decoster L. A., Furrer H., Opravil M., Pantaleo G., Retelska D., Ruiz L., Schinkel A. H., Vernazza P., Eap C. B., Telenti A., Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Response to antiretroviral treatment in HIV‐1‐infected individuals with allelic variants of the multidrug resistance transporter 1: a pharmacogenetics study. Lancet 2002; 359: 30–36, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Furuta T., Ohashi K., Kamata T., Tahashima M., Kosuge K., Kawasaki T., Hanai H., Kobuta T., Ishizaki T., Kaneko E. Effect of genetic differences in omeprazole metabolism on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer. Ann. Intern. Med. 1998; 129: 1027–1030, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Furuta T., Shirai N., Takashima M., Xiao F., Hanai H., Sugimura H., Ohashi K., Ishizaki T., Kaneko E. Effect of genotypic differences in CYP2C19 on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2001; 69: 158–168, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Furuta T., Shirai N., Takashima M., Xiao F., Hanai H., Kazuko N., Sugimura H., Ohashi K., Ishizaki T. Effects of genotypic differences in CYP2C19 status on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by dual therapy with rabeprazole plus amoxicillin. Pharmacogenetics 2001; 11: 341–348, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Furuta T., Shirai N., Watanabe F., Honda S., Takeuchi K., Iida T., Sato Y., Kajimura M., Futami H., Takayanagi S., Yamada M., Ohashi K., Ishizaki T., Hanai H. Effect of cytochrome P4502C19 genotypic differences on cure rates for gastroesophageal reflux disease by lansoprazole. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002; 72: 453–460, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Gerloff T., Schäfer M., Johne A., Oselin K., Meisel C., Cascorbi I., Roots I. MDR1 genotypes do not influence the absorption of a single oral dose of 1 mg digoxin in healthy white males. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002; 54: 610–616, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hitzl M., Drescher S., van der Kuip H., Schaffeler E., Fischer J., Schwab M., Eichelbaum M., Fromm M. F. The C3435T mutation in the human MDR1 gene is associated with altered efflux of the P‐glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 from CD56+ natural killer cells. Pharmacogenetics 2001; 11: 1–6, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hoffmeyer S., Burk O., von Richter O., Arnold H. P., Brockmöller J., Johne A., Cascorbi I., Gerloff T., Roots I., Eichelbaum M., Brinkmann U. Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug‐resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P‐glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000; 97: 3473–3478, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Hsiang B., Zhu Y., Wang Z., Wu Y., Sasseville V., Yang W. P., Kirchgessner T. G. A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver‐specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitor transporters. J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274: 37161–37168, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Inaba T., Mizuno M., Kawai K., Yokota K., Oguma K., Miyoshi M., Take S., Okada H., Tsuji T. Helicobacter pylori infection: CYP2C19 genotype and serum ferritin. Randomized open trial for comparison of proton pump inhibitors in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to CYP2C19 genotype. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2002; 17: 748–753, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Ishizuka H., Kubota T., Hayashi N., Otani Y., Kumai K., Kitajima M. Transport of temocaprilat into rat hepatocytes: role of organic anion transporting polypeptide. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1998; 287: 37–42, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Isomoto H., Inoue K., Furusu H., Nishiyama H., Shikuwa S., Omagari K., Mizuta Y., Murase K., Murata I., Kohno S. Lafutidine, a novel histamine H2‐receptor agonist, vs. lansoprazole in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2003; 8: 111–119, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Israel E., Drazen J. M., Liggett S. B., Boushey H. A., Cherniack R. M., Chinchilli V. M., Cooper D. M., Fahy J. V., Fish J. E., Ford J. G., Kraft M., Kunselman S., Lazarus S. C., Lemanske R. F., Jr., Martin R. J., McLean D. E., Peters S. P., Silverman E. K., Sorkness C. A., Szefler S. J., Weiss S. T., Yandava C. N., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. The effect of polymorphisms of the beta(2)‐adrenergic receptor on the response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162: 75–80, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Israel E., Drazen J. M., Liggett S. B., Boushey H. A., Cherniack R. M., Chinchilli V. M., Cooper D. M., Fahy J. V., Fish J. E., Ford J. G., Kraft M., Kunselman S., Lazarus S. C., Lemanske R. F., Jr., Martin R. J., McLean D. E., Peters S. P., Silverman E. K., Sorkness C. A., Szefler S. J., Weiss S. T., Yandava C. N., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Asthma Clinical Research Network. Effect of polymorphism of the beta(2)‐adrenergic receptor on response to regular use of albuterol in asthma. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 2001; 124: 183–186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Johne A., Köpke K., Gerloff T., Mai I., Rietbrock S., Meisel C., Hoffmeyer S., Kerb R., Fromm M. F., Brinkmann U., Eichelbaum M., Brockmöller J., Cascorbi I., Roots I. Modulation of steady‐state kinetics of digoxin by haplotypes of the P‐glycoprotein MDR1 gene. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002; 72: 584–594, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Juranka P. F., Zastawny R. L., Ling U. P‐glycoprotein: multidrug‐resistance and a superfamily of membrane‐associated transport proteins. FASEB J. 1989; 3: 2583–2592, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kaiser R., Sezer O., Papies A., Bauer S., Schelenz C., Tremblay P. B., Possinger K., Roots I., Brockmöller J. Patient‐tailored antiemetic treatment with 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonists according to cytochrome P‐450 2D6 genotypes. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 20: 2805–2811, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kaiser R., Hofer A., Grapengiesser A., Gasser T., Kupsch A., Roots I., Brockmöller J. L‐Dopa‐induced adverse effects in PD and dopamine transporter gene polymorphism. Neurology 2003; 60: 1750–1755, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Kaiser R., Tremblay P. B., Sezer O., Possinger K., Roots I., Brockmöller J. Investigation of the association between 5‐HT3A receptor gene polymorphisms and efficiency of antiemetic treatment with 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists. Pharmacogenetics 2004; 14: 271–278, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kalow W. Familial incidence of low pseudocholinesterase level. Lancet 1956; 2: 576–577, [CROSSREF]
  • Kirchheiner J., Brøsen K., Dahl M., Gram L., Kasper S., Roots I., Sjöqvist F., Spina E., Brockmöller J. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype‐based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation‐specific dosages. Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 2001; 104: 173–192, [CROSSREF]
  • Kirchheiner J., Meisel C., Goldammer M., Gerloff T., Kaiser R., Roots I. Pharmakogenetik als basis neuer therapiekonzepte. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2003; 46: 835–844, [CROSSREF]
  • Kirchheiner J., Müller G., Meineke I., Wernecke K. D., Roots I., Brockmöller J. Effects of polymorphisms in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 on trimipramine pharmacokinetics. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2003; 23: 459–466, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kirchheiner J., Nickchen K., Bauer M., Wong M. L., Licinio J., Roots I., Brockmöller J. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Mol. Psychiatry 2004; 9: 442–473, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Kruijtzer C. M., Beijnen J. H., Schellens J. H. Improvement of oral drug treatment by temporary inhibition of drug transporters and/or cytochrome P450 in the gastrointestinal tract and liver: an overview. Oncologist 2002; 7: 516–530, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kuivenhoven J. A., Jukema J. W., Zwinderman A. H., de Knijff P., McPherson R., Bruschke A. V., Lie K. I., Kastelein J. J. The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 338: 86–93, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Kullak‐Ublick G. A., Ismair M. G., Stieger B., Landmann L., Huber R., Pizzagalli F., Fattinger K., Meier P. J., Hagenbuch B. Organic anion‐transporting polypeptide B (OATP‐B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 525–533, [CSA]
  • Lee V. H.L. Membrane transporters. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2000; 11: S41–S50, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Liggett S. B. Pharmacogenetic applications of the human genome project. Nat. Med. 2001; 7: 281–283, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Lima J. J., Thomason D. B., Mohamed M. H., Eberle L. V., Self T. H., Johnson J. A. Impact of genetic polymorphisms of the beta2‐adrenergic receptor on albuterol bronchodilatator pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1999; 65: 519–525, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Lutz M., Schwab M., Griese E. U., Marx C., Müller‐Oerlinghausen B., Schönhofer P. S., Meisner C., Gleiter C. H., Eichelbaum M., Mörike K. Visual disorders associated with omeprazole and their relation to CYP2C19 polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12: 73–75, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Meier P. J., Eckhardt U., Schroeder A., Hagenbuch B., Stieger B. Substrate specificity of sinusoidal bile acid and organic anion uptake systems in rat and human liver. Hepatology 1997; 26: 1667–1677, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Meisel C., Roots I., Cascorbi I., Brinkmann U., Brockmöller J. How to manage individualized drug therapy: application of pharmacogenetic knowledge of drug metabolism and transport. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2000; 38: 869–876, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Meisel C., Gerloff T., Kirchheiner J., Mrozikiewicz P. M., Niewinski P., Brockmöller J., Roots I. Implications of pharmacogenetics for individualizing drug treatment and for study design. J. Mol. Med. 2003; 81: 154–167, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Michalski C., Cui Y., Nies A. T., Nuessler A. K., Neuhaus P., Zanger U. M., Klein K., Eichelbaum M., Keppler D., Konig J. A naturally occuring mutation in the SLC21A6 gene causing impaired membrane localization of the hepatocyte uptake transporter. J. Biol. Chem. 2002; 277: 43058–43063, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Michelson A. D., Furman M. I., Goldschmidt‐Clermont P., Mascelli M. A., Hendrix C., Coleman L., Hamlington J., Barnard M. R., Kichler T., Christie D. J., Kundu S., Bray P. F. Platelet GP IIIa Pl(A) polymorphisms display different sensitivities to agonists. Circulation 2000; 101: 1013–1018, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Miki I., Aoyama N., Sakai T., Shirasaka T., Wambura C. M., Maekawa S., Kuroda K., Tamura T., Kita T., Sakaeda T., Okumura K., Kasuga M. Impact of clarithromycin resistance and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on treatment efficacy of Helicobacter pylori infection with lansoprazole‐ or rabeprazole‐based triple therapy in Japan. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2003; 15: 27–33, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Miyoshi M., Mizuno M., Ishiki K., Nagahara Y., Maga T., Torigoe T., Nasu J., Okada H., Yokota K., Oguma K., Tsuji T. Therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection and CYP2C19 polymorphism. A randomized open trial for comparison of proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole versus rabeprazole, in dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in relation to CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2001; 16: 723–728, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Mwinyi J., Johne A., Bauer S., Roots I., Gerloff T. Evidence for inverse effects of OATP‐C (SLC21A6) *5 and *1b haplotypes on pravastatin kinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004; 75: 415–421, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Nishizato Y., Ieiri I., Suzuki H., Kimura M., Kawabata K., Hirota T., Tarane H., Irie S., Kusuhara H., Urasaki Y., Urae A., Higuchi S., Otsubo K., Sugiyama Y. Polymorphisms of OATP‐C (SLC21A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) genes: consequences for pravastatin pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003; 73: 554–565, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Nozawa T., Nakajima M., Tamai I., Noda K., Nezu J., Sai Y., Tsuji A., Yokoi T. Genetic polymorphisms of human organic anion transporters OATP‐C (SLC21A6) and OATP‐B (SLC21A9): allelic frequencies in the Japanese population and functional analysis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002; 302: 804–813, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Pang K. S., Wang P. J., Chung A. J., Wolkoff A. W. The modified dipeptide, enalapril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, is transported by the rat liver organic anion transport protein. Hepatology 1998; 28: 1341–1346, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Paulusma C. C., Oude Elferink R. P. The canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in rat and man. J. Mol. Med. 1997; 75: 420–428, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Poirier J., Delisle M. C., Quirion R., Aubert I., Farlow M., Lahiri D., Hui S., Bertrand P., Nalbantoglu J., Gilfix B. M., Gauthier S. Apolipoprotein E4 allele as a predictor of cholinergic deficits and treatment outcome in Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995; 92: 12260–12264, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Rao V. V., Dahlheimer J. L., Bardgett M. E., Snyder A. Z., Finch R. A., Sartorelli A. C., Piwnica‐Worms D. Choroid plexus epithelial expression of MDR1 P glycoprotein and multidrug resistance‐associated protein contribute to the blood‐cerebrospinal‐fluid drug‐permeability barrier. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1999; 96: 3900–3905, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Remmer H. Die Beschleunigung des Evipanabbaues unter der Wirkung von Barbituraten. Naturwissenschaften 1958; 45: 189–190, [CROSSREF]
  • Remmer H., Alsleben B. Die Aktivierung der Entgiftung in den Lebermikrosomen während der Gewöhnung. Klin. Wschr. 1958; 36: 332–333, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Remmer H., Schoene B., Fleischmann R. A. Induction of the unspecific microsomal hydroxylase in the human liver. Drug Metab. Disposition 1973; 1: 224–230
  • Rost K. L., Roots I. Nonlinear kinetics after high‐dose omeprazole caused by saturation of genetically variable CYP2C19. Hepatology 1996; 23: 1491–1497, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Sachse C., Brockmöller J., Bauer S., Roots I. Cytochrome P450 2D6 variants in a Caucasian polulation: allele frequencies and phenotypic consequences. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1997; 60: 265–271, [CSA]
  • Sakaeda T., Nakamura T., Horinouchi M., Kakumoto M., Ohmoto N., Sakai T., Morita Y., Tamura T., Aoyama N., Hirai M., Kasuga M., Okumura K. MDR1 genotype‐related pharmacokinetics of digoxin after single oral administration in healthy Japanese subjects. Pharm. Res. 2001; 18: 1400–1404, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Schoene B., Fleischmann R. A., Remmer H., v. Oldershausen H. F. Determination of drug metabolizing enzymes in needle biopsies of human liver. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1972; 4: 65–73, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Schwab M., Schäffeler E., Treiber G., Klotz U. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori by short term lansoprazole quadruple therapy in Caucasians depends on CYP2C19 genotype. European Collaboration: Towards drug Development and Rational Drug Therapy. Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Istanbul, June, 24–28, F. C. Tulunay, M. Orme. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2003; 96
  • Sesti F., Abbott G. W., Wei J., Murray K. T., Saksena S., Schwartz P. J., Priori S. G., Roden D. M., George A. L., Jr., Goldstein S. A. A common polymorphism associated with antibiotic‐induced cardiac arrhythmia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000; 97: 10613–10618, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Siegmund W., Ludwig K., Giessmann T., Dazert P., Schroeder F., Sperker B., Warzok R., Kroemer H. K., Cascorbi I. The effects of the human MDR1 genotype on the expression of duodenal P‐glycoprotein and disposition of the probe drug talinolol. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2002; 72: 572–583, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Take S., Mizuno M., Ishiki K., Nagahara Y., Yoshida T., Inaba T., Yamamoto K., Okada H., Yokota K., Oguma K., Shiratori Y. Interleukin‐1β genetic polymorphism influences the effect of cytochrome P2C19 genotype on the cure rate of 1‐week triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2003; 98(11)2403–2408, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
  • Tamai I., Nezu J., Uchino H., Sai Y., Oku A., Shimane M., Tsuji A. Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000; 273: 251–260, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Tanigawara Y. Role of P‐glycoprotein in drug disposition. Ther. Drug Monit. 2000; 22: 137–140, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Tirona R. G., Leake B. F., Merino G., Kim R. B. Polymorphisms in OATP‐C: identification of multiple allelic variants associated with altered transport activity among European‐ and African–Americans. J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276: 35669–35675, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Treiber G., Schwabe M., Ammon S., Walker S., Klotz U., Malfertheiner P. Dyspeptic symptoms associated with Helicobacter pylori infection are influenced by strain and host specific factors. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2004; 19(2)219–231, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Tremblay P. B., Kaiser R., Sezer O., Rosler N., Schelenz C., Possinger K., Roots I., Brockmöller J. Variations in the 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3B receptor gene as predictors of the efficacy of entiemetic treatment in cancer patients. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 2147–2155, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
  • Ueda S., Meredith P. A., Morton J. J., Connell J. M., Elliott H. L. ACE (I/D) genotype as a predictor of the magnitude and duration of the response to an ACE inhibitor drug (enalaprilat) in humans. Circulation 1998; 98: 2148–2153, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
  • Vormfelde S. V., Burckhardt G., Zirk A., Wojnowski L., Brockmöller J. Pharmacogenomics of diuretic drugs: data on rare monogenic disorders and on polymorphisms and requirements for further research. Pharmacogenomics 2003; 4: 701–734, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
  • Wheeler G. L., Braden G. A., Bray P. F., Marciniak S. J., Mascelli M. A., Sane D. C. Reduced inhibition by abciximab in platelets with the PlA2 polymorphism. Am. Heart. J. 2002; 143: 76–82, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.