A Parametric Study of the Gas Flow Patterns and Drying Performance of Co-current Spray Dryer: Results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

References

• Masters , K. 2002 . Spray Drying in Practice 28 – 25 pp . Denmark : Spray Dry Consult International ApS .
   Google Scholar
• Mujumdar , A.S. 2002 . Drying research—current status and future trends . Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing , 10 ( 3/4 ) : 225 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Filkova , I. and Mujumdar , A.S. 1995 . “ Industrial spray drying systems ” . In Handbook of Industrial Drying, , 2nd Ed. Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 1 , 263 – 308 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bahu , R.E. 1991 . “ Spray drying: maturity or opportunities? ” . In Drying'91 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. and Filkova , I. 94 – 91 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F.G. 1997 . Modelling Quality in Spray Drying the Netherland : Endinhoven University of Technology . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Walton , D.E. 2000 . The morphology of spray-dried particles: a qualitative view . Drying Technology , 18 ( 9 ) : 1943 – 1985 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuta , T. , Hayashi , H. and Ohashis , T. 1994 . Some criteria of spray dryer design for food liquid . Drying Technology , 12 ( 1&2 ) : 151 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straatsma , J. and Houwelingen , G. 1999 . Spray drying of food products . J. Food Eng. , 42 : 62 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters , K. 1994 . Scale-up of spray dryers . Drying Technology , 12 ( 2 ) : 235 – 250 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , C. , Sommerfeld , M. and Tsuji , Y. 1998 . Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles 60 – 65 pp . Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. and Kockel , T.K. 2001 . The assessment of a characteristic drying curve for milk powder for use in computational fluid dynamics modelling . Chem. Eng. J. , 84 : 69 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ducept , F. , Sionneau , M. and Vasseur , J. 2002 . Superheated steam dryer: simulations and experiments on product drying . Chem. Eng. J. , 86 : 75 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwell , D.B. and Langrish , T.A.G. 2000 . Observations of flow patterns in a spray dryer . Drying Technology , 18 ( 2 ) : 661 – 685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F.G. and Kerkhof , P.J.A.M. 1996 . “ Using computational fluid dynamics to model product quantity in spray drying: air flow, temperature and humidity patterns ” . In Drying'96 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. A , 259 – 266 . Krakow, , Poland
   Google Scholar
• Kieviet , F.G. and Kerkhof , P.J.A.M. 1995 . Measurements of particle residence time distributions in a co-current spray dryer . Drying Technology , 13 ( 5–7 ) : 1241 – 1248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langrish , T.A.G. and Zbincinski , I. 1994 . The effects of air inlet geometry and spray cone angle on the wall deposition rate in spray dryers . Trans. I. Chem. E. , 72 (A) ( 5–7 ) : 4201 – 430 .
   Google Scholar
• Levi-Hevroni , D. , Levy , A. and Borde , I. 1995 . Mathematical modelling of drying of liquid/solid slurries in steady state one-dimensional flow . Drying Technology , 13 ( 5–7 ) : 1187 – 1201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinhold , M. , Horst , C. and Hoffmann , U. 2001 . Experimental and theoretical investigations of a spray dryer with simultaneous chemical reaction . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 56 : 1657 – 1665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papakis , S.E. and King , C.J. 1988 . Air temperature and humidity profiles in spray drying. 1. Features predicted by particle-source-in-cell model; 2 . Experimental measurements. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 27 : 2111 – 2116 . 2116–2123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dombroski , N. , Foumeny , E.A. and Riza , A. 1993 . Know the CFD codes . Chemical Engineering Progress , 50 ( 2 ) : 46 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Crowe , C.T. , Sharma , M.P. and Stock , D.E. 1977 . The particle-source-in-cell (PSI-Cell) model for gas-droplet flows . Journal of Fluid Engineering , 99 : 325 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , Z.H. and Liu , X.D. 2002 . Simulation of spray drying of a solution atomized in a pulsating flow . Drying Technology , 20 ( 6 ) : 1101 – 1121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2002 . Fluent Manual . Chap. 19, Discrete phase models; www.fluent.com.
   Google Scholar
• Launder , B.E. and Spalding , D.B. 1974 . The numerical computation of turbulent flows . Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. , 3 : 269 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakley , D. , Bahu , R. and Reay , D. 1992 . “ The aerodynamics of co-current spray dryers ” . In Drying'92 Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. 359 – 364 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kuts , P.S. , Strumillo , C. and Zbicinski , I. 1996 . Evaporation kinetics of single droplets containing dissolved biomass . Drying Technology , 14 ( 9 ) : 2041 – 2060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar