References
- Masters , K. 1991 . Spray Drying Handbook 725 New York : Longman Scientific & Technical and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
- Filkova , I. and Mujumdar , A.S. 1995 . “ Industrial spray drying systems ” . In Handbook of Industrial Drying, , 2nd Ed. Edited by: Mujumdar , A.S. Vol. 1 , 263 – 308 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
- Huang , L. and Mujumdar , A.S. 2003a . “ Classification and selection of spray dryers ” . In Chemical Industry Digest (India) Vol. 7–8 , 75 – 84 .
- Huang , L. , Kumar , K. and Mujumdar , A.S. 2003b . Use of computational fluid dynamics to evaluate alternative spray chamber configurations . Drying Technology , 21 ( 3 ) : 385 – 412 .
- Huang , L. , Kumar , K. and Mujumdar , A.S. 2003c . A parametric study of the gas flow patterns and drying performance of co-current spray dryer: results of a computational fluid dynamics study . Drying Technology , 21 ( 6 )
- Kieviet , F.G. 1997 . Modelling Quality in Spray Drying. Ph.D. thesis, Endinhoven University of Technology . 1997 , The Netherlands.
- Langrish , T.A.G. and Kockel , T.K. 2001 . The assessment of a characteristic drying curve for milk powder for use in computational fluid dynamics modeling . Chem. Eng. J. , 84 : 69 – 74 .
- Crowe , C. , Sommerfeld , M. and Tsuji , Y. 1998 . Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles (60–65) 456 Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
- Ducept , F. , Sionneau , M. and Vasseur , J. 2002 . Superheated steam dryer: simulations and experiments on product drying . Chem. Eng. J. , 86 : 75 – 83 .
- Huang , L. , Kumar , K. and Mujumdar , A.S. Numerical Experiments with Evaporation of Water Droplets in a Mixed Flow Spray Chamber . 2nd Nordic Drying Conference . June 25–27 2003 .
- Huang , L. , Kumar , K. and Mujumdar , A.S. Effects of Air Infiltration and Heat Losses on Spray Evaporation in a Cylinder-on-Cone Spray Dryer Chamber . 3rd Asia-Pacific Drying Conference . September 1–3 2003 .
- Huang , L. , Kumar , K. and Mujumdar , A.S. 2003f . Vol. 11–12 , 95 – 102 . Design of spray dryers. Chemical Industry Digest (India) .
- Langrish , T.A.G. and Zbincinski , I. 1994 . The effects of air inlet geometry and spray cone angle on the wall deposition rate in spray dryers . Trans. I. Chem. E. , 72 ( A ) : 420 – 430 . [CSA]
- Levi-Hevroni , D. , Levy , A. and Borde , I. 1995 . Mathematical modeling of drying of liquid/solid slurries in steady state one-dimensional flow . Drying Technology , 13 ( 5–7 ) : 1187 – 1201 .
- Southwell , D.B. and Langrish , T.A.G. 2000 . Observations of flow patterns in a spray dryer . Drying Technology , 18 ( 2 ) : 661 – 685 .
- Wu , Z.H. and Liu , X.D. 2002 . Simulation of spray drying of a solution atomized in a pulsating flow . Drying Technology , 20 ( 6 ) : 1101 – 1121 .
- Fluent Manual. Chapter 10: Turbulence Models and Chapter 19: Discrete Phase Models, 2002 www.fluent.com
- Ferziger , J.H. and Meric , M. 1999 . Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics, , 2nd Ed. 375 Berlin, New York : Springer .
- Ranz , W.E. and Marshall , W.R. Jr. 1952a . Evaporation from drops: part I . Chemical Engineering Progress , 48 ( 3 ) : 141 – 146 .
- Ranz , W.E. and Marshall , W.R. Jr. 1952b . Evaporation from drops: part II . Chemical Engineering Progress , 48 ( 4 ) : 173 – 180 .
- Kuo , K.K.Y. 1986 . Principles of Combustion 320 New York : John Wiley and Sons .
- Choudhury , D. 1993 . Introduction to the Renormalization Group Method and Turbulence Modeling FLUENT Inc., Technical Memorandum TM-107 .
- Yakhot , A. and Orszag , S. 1986 . Renormalisation group analysis of turbulence: I . Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 51 .
- Shih , T. , Liou , W. , Shabbir , A. and Zhu , J. 1995 . A new k − ε Eddy-viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows-model development and validation . Computers Fluids , 24 ( 3 ) : 227 – 238 .
- Launder , B.E. and Spalding , D.B. 1972 . Lectures in Mathematical Models of Turbulence 175 London, , England : Academic Press .
- Truong , V. Modeling of the Glass Transition Temperature of Sugar-Rich Foods and Its Relation on Spray Drying of Such Products . Ph.D. thesis . Australia : University of Queensland .
- Lin , S. and Griffiths , A.J. 1995 . In CFD Simulation of Cooling Air Flows Within Shrouded Finned Heater/Cooler Systems Used on Barrel Extruders . Proceedings of the Joint ASME/JSME Fluid Engineerings Annual Conference . August 13–18 1995 , Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, USA.