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Drying Technology
An International Journal
Volume 22, 2004 - Issue 7
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Original Articles

Optimization of the Freeze-Drying Cycle: A New Model for Pressure Rise Analysis

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Pages 1577-1601 | Published online: 06 Feb 2007

References

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  • Liapis , A.I. and Sadikoglu , H. 1998 . Dynamic pressure rise in the drying chamber as a remote sensing method for monitoring the temperature of the product during the primary drying stage of freeze-drying . Drying Technology , 16 ( 6 ) : 1153 – 1171 .
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  • Sheehan , P. and Liapis , A.I. 1998 . Modeling of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze-drying of pharmaceutical products in vials: numerical results obtained from the solution of a dynamic and spatially multi-dimensional lyophilization model for different operational policies . Biotechnology and Bioengineering , 60 : 712 – 728 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
  • Pikal , M.J. 1985 . Use of laboratory data in freeze-drying process design: heat and mass transfer coefficients and the computer simulation of freeze-drying . Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology. May–June , 39 ( 3 ) : 115 – 139 . [CSA]
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  • Bardat , A. , Biguet , J. , Chatenet , E. and Courteille , F. Nov.–Dec. 1993 . Moisture measurement: a new method for monitoring freeze-drying cycles . Journal of Parenteral Science and Technology , 47 ( 6 ) : 293 – 299 . [CSA]
  • Nail , S.L. Methodology for in process determination of residual water in freeze-drying products . International Symposium on Biological Product Freeze-Drying and Formulation . 1990; , Bethesda, USA. Vol. 74 , pp. 137 – 151 . Karger, , Basel Dev. Biol. Stand:
  • Liapis , A.I. , Pikal , M.J. and Bruttini , R. 1996 . Research and development needs and opportunities in freeze drying . Drying Technology , 14 ( 6 ) : 1265 – 1300 . [CSA]
  • Sadikoglu , H. and Liapis , A.I. 1997 . Mathematical modeling of primary and secondary drying stages of bulk solution freeze-drying in trays: parameter estimation and model discrimination by comparison of theoretical results with experimental data . Drying Technology , 15 : 791 – 810 . [CSA]

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