Effects of Growth Hormone on Insulin Signal Transduction in Rat Adipose Tissue Maintained In Vitro

References

• Etherton T D, Louveau I, Somensen M T, Chaudhuri S. Mechanisms by which somatotropin decreases adipose tissue growth. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58: 287S–295S, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Etherton T D, Bauman D E. Biology of somatotropin in growth and lactation of domestic animals. Physiol Rev 1998; 78: 745–761, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White M F, Kahn C R. The insulin signaling system. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 1–4, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman D E, Vernon R G. Effects of exogenous bovine somatotropin on lactation. Annu Rev Nutr 1993; 13: 437–461, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White M F. The insulin signalling system and the IRS proteins. Diabetologia 1997; 40: S2–S17, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavan B E, Lane S W, Lienhard G E. The 60kDa phosphotyrosine protein in insulin‐treated adipocytes is a new member of the insulin receptor substrate family. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 11439–11443, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun X J, Rothenberg P, Kahn C R, Backer J M, Araki E, Wilden P A, Cahill D A, Goldstein B J, White M F. The structure of the insulin receptor substrate IRS‐1 defines a unique signal transduction protein. Nature 1991; 352: 73–77, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross S A, Lienhard G E, Lavan B E. Association of insulin receptor substrate 3 with SH2 domain containing proteins in rat adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 247: 487–492, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folli F, Saad M JA, Backer J M, Kahn C R. Insulin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and association with insulin receptor substrate 1 in liver and muscle of the intact rat. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 22171–22177, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli U K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 277: 680–685
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towbin H, Sraehlin J, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets, procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 4350–4354, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backer J M, Myers M G, Shoelsen S E, Chin D J, Sun X J, Miralpeix M, Hu P, Margolis B, Skolnik E Y, Schlessinger J, White M F. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase is activated by association with IRS‐1 during insulin stimulation. Embo J 1992; 11: 3469–3479, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop J SR, Steele R, Altszuler N, Rathgeb I, Bjerknes C, Bodo R C. Diminished responsiveness to insulin in the growth hormone‐treated dog. Am J Physiol 1967; 212: 272–278, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   Google Scholar
• Thirone A CP, Carvalho C R, Brenelli S L, Velloso L A, Saad M JA. Effect of chronic growth hormone treatment on insulin signal transduction in rat tissues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 130: 33–42, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magri K A, Adamo M, Leroith D, Etherton T D. The inhibition of insulin action and glucose metabolism by porcine growth hormone in porcine adipocytes is not the result of any decrease in insulin binding or insulin receptor kinase activity. Biochem J 1990; 266: 107–113, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Saad M JA. Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994; 27: 941–957, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice K M, Marilyn A, Turnbow M A, Garner C. Insulin stimulates the degradation of IRS‐1 in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 190: 961–967, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamemoto H, Kadowaki T, Tobe K, Yagi T, Sakura H, Hayakawa T, Terauchi Y, Ueki K, Kaburagi Y, Satoh S, Sekihara H, Yoshioka S, Horikoshi H, Furuta Y, Ikawa Y, Kasuga M, Yazaki Y, Aizawa S. Insulin resistance and growth retardation in mice lacking insulin receptor substrate‐1. Nature 1994; 372: 182–186, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araki E, Lipes M A, Patti M‐E, Bruning J C, Hagg B, III, Johnson S R, Kahn C R. Alternative pathway of insulin signalling in mice with targeted disruption of the IRS‐1 gene. Nature 1994; 372: 186–190, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiters D J, Gutierrez J S, Towery H, Burks D J, Ren J‐M, Previs S, Zhang Y, Bernal D, Pons S, Shulman G I, Bonner‐Weir S, White M F. Disruption of IRS‐2 causes type 2 diabetes in mice. Nature 1998; 391: 900–904, [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Smith H J, Pons S, Patti M E, Burks D J, Yenush L, Sun X J, Kahn C R, White M F. The 60kDa insulin receptor substrate functions like an IRS protein (pp60IRS‐3) in adipose cells. Biochemistry 1997; 36: 8304–8310, [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Kaburagi Y, Satoh S, Tamemoto H, Yamamoto‐Honda R, Tobe K, Veki K, Yamauchi T, Kono‐Sugita E, Sekihara H, Aizawa S, Cushman S W, Akanuma Y, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki Y. Role of the receptor substrate‐1 and pp60 in the regulation of insulin‐induced glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in primary adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 25839–25844, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu S C, Wang Q, Lienhard E G, Keller S R. Insulin receptor substrate 3 is not essential for growth or glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 18093–18099, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheatham B, Vlahos C J, Cheatham L, Wang L, Blenis J, Kahn C R. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase activation is required for insulin stimulation of pp70 S6 kinase, DNA synthesis, and glucose transporter translocation. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14: 4902–4911, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krook A, Whitehead J P, Dobson S P, Griffiths M R, Ouwens M, Baker C, Hayward A C, Sen S K, Maassen J A, Siddle K, Tavare J M, O'Rahilly S. Two naturally occurring insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain mutants provide evidence that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase activation alone is not sufficient for the mediation of insulin's metabolic and mitogenic effects. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(48)30208–30214, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Yang J, Clarke J F, Ester C J, Young P W, Kasuga M, Holman G D. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase acts at an intracellular membrane site to enhance GLUT4 exocytosis in 3T3‐L1 cells. Biochem J 1996; 313: 125–131, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou L, Chen H, Xu P, Cong L N, Sciacchitano S, Li Y, Graham D, Jacobs A R, Taylor S I, Quon M J. Action of insulin receptor substrate‐3 (IRS‐3) and IRS‐4 to stimulate translocation of GLUT4 in rat adipose cells. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 505–514, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anai M, Ono H, Funaki M, Fukushima Y, Inukai K, Ogihara T, Sakoda H, Onishi Y, Yazki Y, Oka Y, Asano T. Different subcellular distribution and regulation of expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐3 from those of IRS‐1 and IRS‐2. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 29686–29692, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Razzini G, Ingrosso A, Brancaccio A, Sciacchitano S, Esposito D L, Falasca M. Different subcellular localization and phosphoinositides binding of insulin receptor substrate protein pleckstrin homology domains. Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14: 823–836, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabuta T, Hakuno F, Asano T, Takahashi. Insulin receptor substrate‐3 functions as transcriptional activator in the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 6846–6851, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laustsen P G, Michael M D, Crute B E, Cohen S E, Ueki K, Kulkarni R N, Keller S R, Lienhard G E, Kahn R C. Lipoatrophic diabetes in IRS1−/−/IRS3−/− double knockout mice. Genes Dev 2002; 16: 3213–3222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quon M J, Butte A J, Zarnowski M J, Yonezawa K, Kasuga M, Cushman S W, Taylor S I. Roles of 1‐phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and ras in regulating translocation of GLUT4 in transfected rat adipose cells. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15: 5403–5411, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers M G, White M F. Insulin signal transduction and the IRS proteins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1996; 36: 615–658, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson T M, Kramer D L, Rondine C M. Serine/Threonine phosphorylation of IRS1 triggers its degradation—possible regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation. Diabetes 2001; 50(1)24–31, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranichandran L V, Esposito D L, Chen J, Quon J M. Protein kinase C‐zeta phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate 1 and impairs its ability to activate phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in response to insulin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 3543–3549, [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Rui L Y, Aguirre V, Kim J K, Shulman G I, Lee A, Corbould A, Dunaif A, White M F. Insulin/IGF‐I and TNF‐alpha stimulate phosphorylation of IRS‐1 at inhibitory Ser (307) via distinct pathways. J Clin Invest 2001; 107(2)181–189, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paz K, Voliovitch C, Hadari Y R, Roberts C T, LeRoith D, Zick Y. Interaction between the insulin receptor and its downstream effectors. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 6998–7003, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Paz K, Hemi R, LeRoith R, Karasik A, Elhanany E, Kanety H, Zick Y. A molecular basis for insulin resistance. Elevated serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 and IRS‐2 inhibits their binding to the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor and impairs their ability to undergo insulin‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 29911–29918, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalioto R M, Ailhaud G, Negrel R. Diacylglycerol production induced by growth hormone in OB 1771 preadipocytes arise from phosphatidylcholine breakdown. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 173: 840–846, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sjoholm A, Zhang Q M, Welsh N, Hansson A, Larsson O, Tally M, Berggren P O. Rapid Ca2 + influx and diacylglycerol synthesis in growth hormone‐mediated islet beta‐cell mitogenesis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 21033–21040, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Davidson M B. Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Endocr Rev 1987; 8: 115–131, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etherton T D. The biology of somatotropin in adipose tissue growth and nutrient partitioning. J Nutr 2000; 130: 2623–2625, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etherton T D, Smith S B. Somatotropin and β‐adrenergic agonist: their efficacy and mechanisms of action. J Anim Sci 1991; 69(2)2–26
   Google Scholar
• Hayward A C, Sen S K, Maasen J A, Siddle K, Tavaré J M, O'Rahilly S. Two naturally occuring insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain mutants provide evidence that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase activation alone is not sufficient for the mediation of insulin's metabolic and mitogenic effects. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 30208–30214, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Lavan B E, Lienhard E G. The insulin‐elicited 60 kDa phosphtyrosine protein in rat adipocytes is associated with phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 5921–5928, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodbell M. Metabolism of isolated fat cells: I. Effects of hormones on glucose metabolism and lipolysis. J Biol Chem 1964; 239: 375, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar