Fire Retardancy, Thermomechanical and Thermal Properties of PP/PC Blends

References

• Moon , H. S. , Ryoo , B. K. and Park , J. K. 1994 . Concurrent crystallization in polypropylene/nylon‐6 blends using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene as a compatibilizing agent . J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. , 32 ( 8 ) : 1427 – 1435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , X. M. , Li , G. , Li , J. S. and Yin , J. H. 1997 . Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/polyamide 1010 blends using polypropylene‐graft‐glycidyl methacrylate as compatibilizer . Angew. Makromol. Ch. , 248 : 189 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Duvall , J. , Sellitti , C. , Topolkaraev , V. , Hitner , A. , Baer , E. and Myers , C. 1994 . Effect of compatibilization on the properties of polyamide 66/polypropylene (75/25 wt/wt) blends . Polymer , 35 ( 18 ) : 3948 – 3957 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayt , R. , Jerome , R. and Teyssie , Ph. 1982 . Molecular design of multicomponent polymer systems. III. Comparative behavior of pure and tapered block copolymers in emulsification of blends of low‐density polyethylene and polystyrene . J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. , 20 ( 12 ) : 2209 – 2217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepers , J. C. , Favis , B. D. and Tabar , R. J. 1997 . Molecular design of multicomponent polymer systems. III. Comparative behavior of pure and tapered block copolymers in emulsification of blends of low‐density polyethylene and polystyrene . J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. , 35 ( 14 ) : 2271 – 2280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsti‐Miettinen , R. , Seppala , J. and Ikkala , O. T. 1992 . Effects of compatibilizers on the properties of polyamide/polypropylene blends . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 32 ( 13 ) : 867 – 868 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varlet , J. , Perez , J. , Vassoille , R. , Vigier , G. , Glotin , M. and Cavaille , J. Y. 1993 . Microstructure and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/polyamide 12 (PA12) blends . J. Mater. Sci. , 28 ( 20 ) : 5560 – 5568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning , S. C. and Moore , R. B. 1999 . Reactive compatibilization of polypropylene and polyamide‐6,6 with carboxylated and maleated polypropylene . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 39 ( 10 ) : 1921 – 1929 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeder , J. , Oliveira , R. V.B. , Goncalves , M. C. , Soldi , V. and Pires , A. T.N. 2002 . Polypropylene/polyamide‐6 blends: influence of compatibilizing agent on interface domains . Polym. Test. , 21 ( 7 ) : 815 – 821 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godshall , D. , White , C. and Wilkes , G. L. 2001 . Effect of compatibilizer molecular weight and maleic anhydride content on interfacial adhesion of polypropylene‐PA6 bicomponent fibers . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 80 ( 2 ) : 130 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favis , B. D. and Chalifoux , J. P. 1988 . Influence of composition on the morphology of polypropylene/polycarbonate blends . Polymer , 29 ( 10 ) : 1761 – 1767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisa , B. , Favis , B. D. and Bourgeois , S. 1990 . Injection molding of polypropylene/polycarbonate blends . Polym. Eng. Sci. , 30 ( 17 ) : 1051 – 1055 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favis , B. D. and Therrien , D. 1991 . Factors influencing structure formation and phase size in an immiscible polymer blend of polycarbonate and polypropylene prepared by twin‐screw extrusion . Polymer , 32 ( 8 ) : 1474 – 1481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , C. , Tian , G. , Zhang , Y. and Zhang , Y. 2002 . Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/polycarbonate blends . Polym. Test. , 21 ( 8 ) : 919 – 926 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , H. and Beatty , C. L. Proceedings of ANTEC 2002, Annual Technical Conference ‐ Society of Plastics Engineers . May 5–9 , San Francisco, CL.
   Google Scholar
• Zhihui , Y. , Xiaomin , Z. , Yajie , Z. and Jinghua , Y. 1997 . Morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate blend . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 63 ( 13 ) : 1857 – 1863 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhihui , Y. , Yajie , Z. , Xiaomin , Z. and Jinghua , Y. 1998 . Effects of the compatibilizer PP‐g‐GMA on morphology and mechanical properties of PP/PC blends . Polymer , 39 ( 3 ) : 547 – 551 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeras , X. , Le Bras , M. , Bourbigot , S. , Hornsby , P. , Marosi , G. , Anna , P. and Poutch , F. 2003 . Intumescent PP blends . Polym. Polym. Compos. , 11 ( 8 ) : 691 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duquesne , S. , Le Bras , M. , Jama , C. , Weil , E. D. and Gengembre , L. 2002 . X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of fire retarded polymeric materials application to the study of an intumescent system . Polym. Deg. Stab. , 77 ( 2 ) : 203 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bras , M. and Bourbigot , S. Use of carbonizing polymers as additives in intumescent polymer blends . Abstracts of Papers, 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society . Aug 20–24 , Washington DC. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society . PMSE 797
   Google Scholar
• Bugajny , M. , Le Bras , M. , Bourbigot , S. , Poutch , F. and Lefebvre , J. M. 1999 . Thermoplastic polyurethanes as carbonization agents in intumescent blends. Part 1. Fire retardancy of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate blends . J. Fire Sci. , 17 ( 6 ) : 494 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourbigot , S. , Le Bras , M. , Duquesne , S. and Rochery , M. 2004 . Recent advances for intumescent polymers . Macromol. Mater. Eng. , 289 ( 6 ) : 499 – 511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1977 . “ Standard test method for measuring the minimum oxygen concentration to support candle‐like combustion of plastics ASTM D2863/77 ” . Philadelphia, PA : American Society for Testings and Materials .
   Google Scholar
• 1977 . “ Tests for flammability of plastics materials for part devices and appliances, Underwriters Laboratories ” . Northbrook, IL ANSI//ASTM D‐635/77
   Google Scholar
• Babrauskas , V. 1984 . Development of the cone calorimeter—a bench‐scale heat release rate apparatus based on oxygen consumption . Fire Mater. , 8 ( 2 ) : 81 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ecole , J. and Calefas , A. 1987 . “ La dégradation des polymères ” . In La stabilisation des polymères Edited by: Claude , J. and Lorin , P. 22 – 27 . Paris : Techno‐Nathan International .
   Google Scholar
• Gugumus , F. 2002 . Re‐examination of the thermal oxidation reactions of polymers. 3. Various reactions in polyethylene and polypropylene . Polym. Deg. Stab. , 77 ( 1 ) : 147 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henman , T. J. 1979 . Melt stabilization of polypropylene . Dev. Polym. Stabili. , 1 : 39 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Le , L. H. 1964 . Mechanisms of thermal degradation of phenolic condensation polymers. I. The thermal stability of polycarbonate . J. Polym. Sci. Part A: General Papers , 2 ( 6 ) : 2859 – 2873 .
   Google Scholar
• Carroccio , S. , Puglisi , C. and Montaudo , G. 2002 . Mechanisms of thermal oxidation of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) . Macromolecules , 35 ( 11 ) : 4297 – 4305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamas , L. , Mendez , G. A. , Müller , A. J. and Pracella , M. 1998 . Thermal stability of blends of nylon 6 with polyolefins that contain acrylic acid . Eur. Polym. J. , 34 ( 12 ) : 1865 – 1870 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lizymol , P. P. and Sabu , T. 1993 . Thermal behavior of polymer blends: a comparison of the thermal properties of miscible and immiscible systems . Polym. Deg. Stab. , 41 ( 1 ) : 59 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedesco , A. , Barbosa , R. V. , Nachtigall , S. M.B. and Mauler , R. S. 2002 . Comparative study of PP‐MA and PP‐GMA as compatibilizing agents on polypropylene/nylon 6 blends . Polym. Test. , 21 ( 1 ) : 11 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeras , X. , Dabrowski , F. , Le Bras , M. , Poutch , F. , Bourbigot , S. , Marosi , G. and Anna , P. 2002 . Using polyamide‐6 as charring agent in intumescent polypropylene formulations. I. Effect of the compatibilizing agent on the fire retardancy performance . Polym. Deg. Stab. , 77 ( 2 ) : 305 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leu , T. S. and Wang , C. S. 2004 . Synergistic effect of a phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant on engineering plastics . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 92 ( 1 ) : 410 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar