New Political Movements and Governance in Latin America

REFERENCES

• Key components of neoliberalism include: reducing government size and spending; fiscal and monetary reform; deregulation; liberalizing commerce through the reduction and eventual elimination of all tariff barriers and trade restrictions; opening up the national economy to foreign investment and allowing the free flow of capital; privatization of government-owned corporations, industries, agencies, and utilities; and eliminating the government subsidies for essential consumer goods
   Google Scholar
• Shifter , M. 2003 . Latin America’s New Political Leaders: Walking on a Wire . Current History , 102 ( 661 ) February
   Google Scholar
• 51 Ibid
   Google Scholar
• Vanden , H.E. and G. , Prevost . 2002 . Politics of Latin America, the Power Game , New York and Oxford : Oxford University Press . See
   Google Scholar
• The author worked in this reform effort in the National Institute of Public Administration , Government of Peru . in the mid-1970s
   Google Scholar
• Vanden , H. E. and Prevost , G. 1993 . Democracy and Socialism in Sandinista Nicaragua , Boulder , Co : Lynne Rienner . See esp. Chapter 3, on mass movements
   Google Scholar
• García Díez , F. 1999 . “ The emergence of electoral reforms in contemporary Latin America 27th ” . In ECPR Point Sessions Workshops , Mannheime : Designing Institutions .
   Google Scholar
• Center for Voting and Democracy . 2000 . International Voter Turnout, 1991-2000 , Takoma Park , MD : The Center for Voting and Democracy . Retrieved from: fairvote.org (accessed August 29, 2003)
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman Purcell , S. 2001 . Electoral lessons . December 6 2001 . América Economía , pp. 40
   Google Scholar
• Banco de Dados Políticos das Américas Eleções Presidenciais de Brazil 1998 Retrieved from: georgetown.edu/pdba/Elecdata/Brazil/pres98.html (http://georgetown.edu/pdba/Elecdata/Brazil/pres98.html) (accessed April 19, 2002).
   Google Scholar
• Instituto Federal Electoral, Elección de Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos ife.org.mx (http://ife.org.mx) Retrieved from (accessed April 9, 2002).
   Google Scholar
• Vanden , H.E. and Prevost , G. Democracy and Socialism in Sandinista Nicaragua , See op cit.
   Google Scholar
• Mariano , Azuela , ed. 2002 . Los de Abajo published in English as The Underdogs , New York : Modern Library . See the epic novel of the Mexican revolution
   Google Scholar
• Shultz , J. and Bolivia . 2003 . The Water War Widdens. NACLA, Report on the Americas , 36 ( 3 ) : 34 – 37 . See
   Google Scholar
• Rohter , L. 2003 . Bolivia’s poor proclaim abiding distrust of globalization . New York Times , October : 17
   Google Scholar
• Remberto Clavijo cited in Rother , Bolivia’s poor, op cit (Either page or author must be supplied)
   Google Scholar
• 2003 . Nicanor Apaza cited in Anti-Trade Message Loud, Clear in Bolivia . The Chicago Tribune , October : 17
   Google Scholar
• Juan del Grando , Mayor of La Paz . 2002 . Bolivia, greeting rise of new political movement MAS and its leader, Coca Growers Federation head Evo Morales . Los Tiempos . July 2 2002 .
   Google Scholar
• Robles , W. 2001 . The Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)Fundamental principles for the social and economic transformation of rural Brazil . Journal of Peasant Studies , 28 ( 2 ) : 146 – 152 . ” trans[CSA]
   Google Scholar
• 2001 . O Brasil Precisa de um Projecto Popular , São Paulo : Secretariat of Popular Consultation of the MST .
   Google Scholar
• Robles , W. 2001 . The landless rural workers movement (MST) in Brazil . Journal of Peasant Studies , 28 ( 2 ) : 147 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Freire , P. 2000 . The Pedagogy of the Oppressed , New York : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Petras , J. 2000 . The rural landless workers movement . Z Magazine . March 2000 . pp. 32 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• 2001 . Brazilian Institute of Statistics . Statistical Report 2001, as cited from “Pais Termina Anos 90 Tão Desigual como Comenou.” Folha de São Paulo April 5, 2001 in Lewis, T. Brazil: the struggle against neoliberalism . June–July 2001 . International Socialist Review
   Google Scholar
• Caldart , R.S. 1999 . Pedagogia do Movimiento dos Sem Terra , 25 Petrópolis : Vozes .
   Google Scholar
• Stedile , J.P. and Bernardo Mançano , Fernandes . 1999 . Brava Gente: a Trajetória do MST e a luta pela Terra no Brasil , São Paulo : Fundacão Perseu Abramo .
   Google Scholar
• Bastos , E.R. 1984 . As Ligas Camponesas , Petópolis : Vozes .
   Google Scholar
• Bradford , S. and Rocha , J. 2002 . Cutting the Wire , London : Latin American Bureau .
   Google Scholar
• Fontes , G. 2003 . (member of collective national leadership of MST). Interview by author . September 17 2003 . São Paulo
   Google Scholar
• 1998 . These general processes are described in S. Tarrow in Power in Movements, Social Movements and Contentious Politics 2^nd ed. , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• It should, however, be noted that much of the press was not always sympathetic and condemned their land takeovers as illegal actions. The rural landowners also did all in their power to stop their actions and discredit them in the public eye.
   Google Scholar
• For more on the Social Forums see T. Teivainen, World Social Forum: What Should It Be When It Grows Up? Open Democracy, Free Thinking For the World. Retrieved from: www.Open Democracy.net (http://www.OpenDemocracy.net) (accessed on October 31, 2003).
   Google Scholar
• R. , Broad . 2002 . Global Backlash, Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy , Laham , MD : Roman & Littlefield . See
   Google Scholar
• International Foundation for Election Surveys (IFES) Retrieved from: ifes.org/eguide/turnout2002.htm (http://ifes.org/eguide/turnout2002.htm) . (accessed March 24, 2003).
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , A. 2002 . Budgets and Ballots in Brazil: Participatory Budgeting from the City to the State , Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex . See
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . “ United Nations Development Program ” . In Human Development Report 1999 , New York and Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , J.N. 2000 . A sense of possibility, Ecuadors’s indigenous movement takes center stage,“ in” !Adelante! The New Rural Activism in the Americas; NACLA . Report on the Americas , 33 ( 5 ) : 40 – 46 .
   Google Scholar