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Pharmaceutical Development and Technology Volume 4, 1999 - Issue 2
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Research Article

Performance of Sonication and Microfluidization for Liquid–Liquid Emulsification

Yuh-Fun Maa
&
Chung C. Hsu
Pages 233-240 | Received 16 Apr 1998, Accepted 25 Aug 1998, Published online: 22 Apr 1999

REFERENCES

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  • Bodmer D., Kissel T., Traechslin E. Factors influencing the release of peptides and proteins from biodegradable parenteral depot systems. J. Controlled Release 1992; 21: 129–137
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  • Sah H. K., Toddywala R., Chien Y. W. Biodegradable microcapsules prepared by a W/O/W technique: Effect of shear force to make a primary W/O emulsion on their morphology and protein release. J. Microencapsulation 1995; 12: 59–69
  • Maa Y. F., Hsu C. Effect of primary emulsion on microsphere size and protein-loading in the double emulsion process. J. Microencapsulation 1997; 14: 225–241
  • Krishnan R. S., Venkatasubramanian V. S., Rajagopal E. S. Effect of sound intensity on dispersion and coagulation in ultrasonic emulsification. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 1959; 10: 250–252
  • Eisenberg P., Tulin M. P. V. L. StreeterCavitation. Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, . McGraw-Hill, New York 1961, Section 12
  • Fridman V. M. The interaction mechanism between cavitation bubbles and particles of the solid and liquid phases. Ultrasonics 1972; 162–165, July
  • Higgins D. M., Skauen D. M. Influence of power on quality of emulsions prepared by ultrasound. J. Pharm. Sci. 1972; 61(10)1567–1570
  • Sembira A. N., Merchuck J. C., Wolf D. Characteristics of a motionless mixer for dispersion of immiscible fluids III. Dynamic behavior of the average drop size and dispersed phase hold-up. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1988; 43: 373–377
  • Maa Y. F., Hsu C. liquid–liquid emulsification by static mixers for use in microencapsulation. J. Microencapsulation 1996; 13: 419–433
  • Maa Y. F., Hsu C. A study on microencapsulation reactor scale-up by dimensional analysis. J. Microencapsulation 1996; 13: 53–66
  • Maa Y. F., Hsu C. Effect of high shear on proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1996; 51: 458–465
  • Korstvedt H., Bates R., King J., Siciliano A. Microfluidization. Drug Cosmet. Ind. 1984; 28–34, November

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