COMPARISON OF METHODOLOGIES FOR NITRATE DETERMINATION IN PLANTS AND SOILS

REFERENCES

• McNamara , A. L. , Meeker , G. B. , Shaw , P. D. and Hageman , R. H. 1971 . Use of a Dissimilatory Nitrate Reductase fromEscherichia coliand Formateas a Reductive System for Nitrate. . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 19 : 229 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser , W. M. and Huber , S. C. 1997 . Correlation Between Apparent Activation State of Nitrate Reductase (NR), NR Hysteresis and Degradation of NR Protein. . J. Exp. Bot. , 48 : 1367 – 1374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APHA , AWWA and WPCF . 1985 . Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater , 16th Ed. Denver, CO : AWWA .
   Google Scholar
• Jauhiainen , J. , Wallen , B. and Malmer , N. 1998 . PotentialNH4 +and NH33−-Uptake in SevenSphagnumSpecies. . New Phytol. , 138 : 287 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruzika , J. H.E.H. 1998 . Flow Injection Analysis 160 pp New York : John Wiley: .
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira , A.M. R. , Rangel , A.O. S.S. and Lima , J.L. F.C. 1998 . Flow Injection Systems for Elemental Soil Analysis Determinations. . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 29 : 327 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis , R. B. and Gentry , C. E. 1987 . Automated Method for Determining Nitrate and Nitrite in Water and Soil Extracts. . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 18 : 625 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundersen , P. 1989 . Luftforurening med Kvaelstofforbindelser–Effekter i Naleskov Denmark : Technical University . Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Lyngby
   Google Scholar
• Lapa , R.A. S. , Lima , J.L. F.C. , Barrado , E. and Vela , H. 1997 . Determination of Low Levels of Nitrate in Natural Waters by Direct Potentiometry Using an Ion Selective Electrode of Improved Sensitivity. . Inter. J. Environ. Analyt. Chem. , 66 : 71 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhendawi , R. A. , Romheld , V. , Kirkby , E. A. and Marschner , H. 1997 . Influence of Increasing Bicarbonate Concentrations on Plant Growth, Organic Acid Accumulation in Roots and Iron Uptake by Barley, Sorghum and Maize. . J. Plant Nutr. , 20 : 1731 – 1753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joy , R. W. , Vogel , H. J. and Thorpe , T. A. 1997 . Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism in Embryogenic White Spruce Cultures: a Nitrogen 14/15 NMR Study. . J. Plant Physiol. , 151 : 306 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cataldo , D. A. , Haroon , M. , Schrader , L. E. and Youngs , V. L. 1975 . Rapid Colorimetric Determination of Nitrate in Plant Tissue by Nitration of Salicylic Acid. . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 6 : 71 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sempere , A. , Oliver , J. and Ramos , C. 1993 . Simple Determination of Nitrate in Soils by Second-Derivative Spectroscopy. . J. Soil Sci. , 44 : 633 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney , D. R. and Nelson , D. W. 1982 . “ Nitrogen Inorganic Forms. ” . In In Methods of Soil Analysis Edited by: Page , A. L. , Miller , R. H. and Keeney , D. R. 643 – 669 . Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.: .
   Google Scholar
• Mulvaney , R. L. and Kurtz , L. T. 1982 . A New Method for Determination of15N-Labeled Nitrous Oxide. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 46 : 1178 – 1184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , J. E. , Skogley , E. O. , Schaff , B. E. and Kim , J. J. 1998 . A Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrate in Water, Resin and Soil Extracts. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 62 : 1108 – 1115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura , S. and Witjaksono , G. 1999 . Modification of the Cataldo Method for the Determination of Nitrate in Soil Extracts by Potassium Chloride. . Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. , 45 : 231 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , C. and Martins-Loução , M. A. 2000 . “ Determination of Ammonium Concentrations in Ammonium and Plant Extracts ” . In In Nitrogen in a Sustainable Ecosystem: From the Cell to the Plant Edited by: Martins-Loução , M. A. , Lips , S. H. and Ulrich , W. 291 – 298 . Heidelberg : Kluwer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Perevolotsky , A. 1994 . Tannins in Mediterranean Woodland Species: Lack of Response to Browsing and Thinning. . Oikos , 5 : 333 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , D. A. 1976 . The Chemical Defences of Plants to Pathogens and Herbivores. . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 7 : 121 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Swain , T. 1977 . Secondary Compounds as Protective Agents. . Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol , 28 : 479 – 501 .
   Google Scholar
• Olah , G. A. , Malhotra , R. and Narang , S. C. 1989 . Nitration: Methods and Mechanisms 220 pp New York : VCH Publisher: .
   Google Scholar
• Sadowski , E. 1969 . A Comparative Study on the Determination of Nitrates in Water with Phenoldisulphonic Acid and with Ortho-Toluidine. . Rzeczniki panstwowego Zakladu Higieny , 20 : 527 – 530 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wetselaar , R. , Smith , G. D. and Angus , J. F. 1998 . Field Measurement of Soil Nitrate Concentrations. Commun. . 29 : 729 – 739 .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , R.J. K. 1984 . A Simple Model for Estimating the Nitrogen Fertiliser Requirement of a Cereal Crop. . Forest Res. , 5 : 95 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowell , D. L. 1995 . Soil Science: Methods and Applications 342 pp London : Longman Scientific and Technical .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , E. R. , Corrigan , J. S. and Campbell , W. G. 1997 . “ Field Determination of Nitrate Using Nitrate Reductase ” . In In Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Chemicals Edited by: Pittsburgh , PA . 851 – 860 . New York : Air and Waste Management Association .
   Google Scholar
• Green , L. C. , Wagner , D. A. , Glogowski , J. , Skipper , P. L. , Wishnok , J. S. and Tannenbaum , S. R. 1982 . Analysis of Nitrate, Nitrite and15N Nitrate in Biological Fluids. . Anal. Biochem. , 126 : 131 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhine , E. D. , Sims , G. K. , Mulvaney , R. L. and Pratt , E. J. 1998 . Improving the Berthelot Reaction for Determining Ammonium in Soil Extracts and Water. . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 62 : 473 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe , R. H. and Hamilton , J. L. 1962 . Rapid Method for Determination of Nitrate in Plant and Soil Extracts. . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 15 : 359 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , E. R. and Campbell , W. H. 1998 . Enzyme–Based Nitrate Detection: From Kits to Biosensors. . Environ. Anal. , 14 : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Glaab , J. and Kaiser , W. M. 1999 . Increased Nitrate Reductase Activity in Leaf Tissue after Application of the Fungicide Kresoxim-Methyl. . Planta , 207 : 442 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , V. 1988 . Nitrate Respiration in Relation to Facultative Metabolism in Enterobacteria. . Microbiol. Rev. , 52 : 190 – 232 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pospesel , M. A. and Hentschel , U.F. H. 1998 . Determination of Nitrate in the Blood of the Hydrothermal Vent TubewormRiftia pachyptilaUsing a Bacterial Nitrate Reduction Assay. . Deep Sea Res. , 45 : 2189 – 2200 .
   Google Scholar
• Crooke , N. K. and Cole , J. 1995 . The Biogenesis of C-Type Cytochromes inEscherichia coliRequires a Membrane-Bound Protein, DipZ, with a Protein Disulphide Isomerase-like Domain. . Mol. Microbiol. , 15 : 1139 – 1150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bories , P.N. and Bories , C. 1995 . Nitrate Determination in Biological Fluids by an Enzymatic One-Step Assay with Nitrate Reductase. . Clinic. Chem. , 41 : 904 – 907 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar