Neutrophil Activation and C‐Reactive Protein Concentration in Preeclampsia

References

• Roberts J M. Endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1998; 16(1)5–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redman C WG, Sacks G P, Sargent I L. Preeclampsia: an excessive maternal inflammatory response to pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180(2 Pt 1)499–506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340(2)115–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst E, Hammerschmidt D E, Bagge U, Matrai A, Dormandy J A. Leukocytes and the risk of ischemic diseases. JAMA 1987; 257(17)2318–2324
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Danesh J, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Association of fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease: meta‐analyses of prospective studies. JAMA 1998; 279(18)1477–1482
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danesh J, Whincup P, Walker M, Lennon L, Thomson A, Appleby P, Gallimore J R, Pepys M B. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta‐analyses. BMJ 2000; 321(7255)199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lusis A J. Atherosclerosis. Nature 2000; 407(6801)233–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasceri V, Willerson J T, Yeh E TH. Direct proinflammatory effect of C‐reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation 2000; 102(18)2165–2168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arici M, Walls J. End‐stage renal disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular mortality: is C‐reactive protein the missing link?. Kidney Int 2001; 59(2)407–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Rifai N. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and atherosclerosis: from theory to therapy. Clin Biochem 2000; 33(8)601–610
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pepys M B, Berger A. The renaissance of C reactive protein. BMJ 2001; 322(7277)4–5
   Google Scholar
• Lagrand W K, Visser C A, Hermens W T, Niessen H WM, Verheugt F WA, Wolbink G J, Hack C E. C‐reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor: more than an epiphenomenon?. Circulation 1999; 100(1)96–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P M. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein: potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2001; 103(13)1813–1818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barden A, Graham D, Beilin L J, Ritchie J, Baker R, Walters B N, Michael C A. Neutrophil CD11B expression and neutrophil activation in pre‐eclampsia. Clin Sci (Lond) 1997; 92(1)37–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teran E, Escudero C, Moya W, Flores M, Vallance P, Lopez‐Jaramillo P. Elevated C‐reactive protein and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in Andean women with pre‐eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001; 75: 243–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebelo I, Carvalho‐Guerra F, Pereira‐Leite L, Quintanilha A. Comparative study of lactoferrin and other blood markers of inflammatory stress between preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996; 64(2)167–173
   Google Scholar
• Greer I A, Haddad N G, Dawes J, Johnstone F D, Calder A A. Neutrophil activation in pregnancy‐induced hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96(8)978–982
   Google Scholar
• Halim A, Kanayama N, Maradny E E, Maehara K, Bhuiyan A B, Terao T. Correlated plasma elastase and sera cytotoxicity in eclampsia. A possible role of endothelin‐1 induced neutrophil activation in preeclampsia–eclampsia. Am J Hypertens 1996; 9(1)33–38
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi H, Sadakata H, Suzuki K, She M Y, Shibata S, Terao T. Thrombomodulin release from umbilical endothelial cells initiated by preeclampsia plasma‐induced neutrophil activation. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92(3)425–430
   Google Scholar
• Prieto J A, Panyutich A V, Heine R P. Neutrophil activation in preeclampsia. Are defensins and lactoferrin elevated in preeclamptic patients?. J Reprod Med 1997; 42(1)29–32
   Google Scholar
• Crocker I P, Wellings R P, Fletcher J, Baker P N. Neutrophil function in women with pre‐eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 106(8)822–828
   Google Scholar
• Edwards S W. The development and structure of mature neutrophils. Biochemistry and Physiology of the Neutrophil, S W Edwards. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeUK 1994; 33–76
   Google Scholar
• Edwards S W. Neutrophil priming: regulation of neutrophil function during inflammatory activation. Biochemistry and Physiology of the Neutrophil, S W Edwards. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeUK 1994; 235–261
   Google Scholar
• Greer I A, Lyall F, Perera T, Boswell F, Macara L M. Increased concentrations of cytokines interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in plasma of women with preeclampsia: a mechanism for endothelial dysfunction?. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84(6)937–940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratacós E, Filella X, Palacio M, Cararach V, Alonso P L, Fortuny A. Interleukin‐4, interleukin‐10, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor in second‐trimester serum from women with preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92(5)849–853
   Google Scholar
• Wolf M, Kettyle E, Sandler L, Ecker J L, Roberts J, Thadhani R. Obesity and preeclampsia: the potential role of inflammation. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 98(5 Pt 1)757–762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magann E F, Martin J N. Twelve steps to optimal management of HELLP syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1999; 42(3)532–550
   Google Scholar
• Rath W, Faridi A, Dudenhausen J W. HELLP syndrome. J Perinat Med 2000; 28(4)249–260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomella T L, Cunningham M D, Eyal F G, Zenk K E. Assessment of gestational age. Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On‐Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs4th ed, T L Gomella, M D Cunningham, F G Eyal, K E Zenk. Appleton & Lange, StamfordUSA 1999; 21–28
   Google Scholar
• Packard C J, O'Reilly D SJ, Caslake M J, McMahon A D, Ford I, Cooney J, Macphee C H, Suckling K E, Krishna M, Wilkinson F E, Rumley A, Lowe G DO. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343(16)1148–1155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebelo I, Carvalho‐Guerra F, Pereira‐Leite L, Quintanilha A. Lactoferrin as a sensitive blood marker of neutrophil activation in normal pregnancies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995; 62(2)189–194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yudkin J S, Stehouwer C DA, Emeis J J, Coppack S W. C‐reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19(4)972–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhakdi S, Torzewski M, Klouche M, Hemmes M. Complement and atherogenesis: binding of CRP to degraded, nonoxidized LDL enhances complement activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19(10)2348–2354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaka T P, Hombach V, Torzewski J. C‐reactive protein‐mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis. Circulation 2001; 103(9)1194–1197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torzewski J, Torzewski M, Bowyer D E, Fröhlich M, Koenig W, Waltenberger J, Fitzsimmons C, Hombach V. C‐reactive protein frequently colocalizes with the terminal complement complex in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18(9)1386–1392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cermak J, Key N S, Bach R R, Balla J, Jacob H S, Vercellotti G M. C‐reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor. Blood 1993; 82(2)513–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kääpä P, Koistinen E. Maternal and neonatal C‐reactive protein after interventions during delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993; 72(7)543–546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romem Y, Artal R. C‐reactive protein in pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151(3)380–383
   Google Scholar
• Levay P F, Viljoen M. Lactoferrin: a general review. Haematologica 1995; 80(3)252–267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark P, Boswell F, Greer I A. The neutrophil and preeclampsia. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1998; 16(1)57–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harlan J M. Leukocyte‐endothelial interactions. Blood 1985; 65(3)513–525
   Google Scholar
• Hubel C A. Dyslipidemia, iron, and oxidative stress in preeclampsia: assessment of maternal and feto‐placental interactions. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1998; 16(1)75–92
   Google Scholar
• Hubel C A, Kozlov A V, Kagan V E, Evans R W, Davidge S T, McLaughlin M K, Roberts J M. Decreased transferrin and increased transferrin saturation in sera of women with preeclampsia: implications for oxidative stress. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175(3 Pt 1)692–700
   PubMedGoogle Scholar