REFERENCES
- Animal Medicine Australia. (2016). Pet ownership in Australia. Retrieved from https://animalmedicinesaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/AMA_Pet-Ownership-in-Australia-2016-Report_sml.pdf
- Antonacopoulos, N. M. D., & Pychyl, T. A. (2010). An examination of the potential role of pet ownership, human social support and pet attachment in the psychological health of individuals living alone. Anthrozoös, 23(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.2752/175303710X12627079939143
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Twenty years of population change.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2018). Australia's health 2018. Canberra: AIHW.
- Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: Virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241211199960
- Beck, A. M., & Katcher, A. H. (2003). Future directions in human–animal bond research. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203255214
- Bradley, L., & Bennett, P. C. (2015). Companion‐animals' effectiveness in managing chronic pain in adult community members. Anthrozoös, 28(4), 635–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2015.1070006
- Brooks, R. K., Lovell, K., Bee, P., Walker, L., Grant, L., & Rogers, A. (2018). The power of support from companion animals for people living with mental health problems: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1613-2
- Brooks, R. K., Walker, S., Lovell, K., & Rogers, A. (2016). Ontological security and connectivity provided by pets: A study in the self‐management of the everyday lives of people diagnosed with a long‐term mental health condition. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1111-3
- Brown, C., & Coan, J. A. (2016). The social regulation of neural threat responding. pp. 127. https://doi.org/10.1037/14856-008
- Bryan, J. L., Quist, M. C., Young, C. M., Steers, M.‐L. N., Foster, D. W., & Lu, Q. (2014). Canine comfort: Pet affinity buffers the negative impact of ambivalence over emotional expression on perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.003
- Caplan, G., Killilea, M., & Abrahams, R. B. (1976). Support systems and mutual help: Multidisciplinary explorations. New York: Grune & Stratton.
- Cheung, C.‐K., & Kam, P. K. (2018). Conditions for pets to prevent depression in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 22(12), 1627–1633. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1385723
- Chur‐hansen, A., Stern, C., & Winefield, H. (2010). Commentary: Gaps in the evidence about companion animals and human health: Some suggestions for progress. International Journal of Evidence‐Based Healthcare, 8(3), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2010.00176.x
- Chur‐hansen, A., Winefield, H. R., & Beckwith, M. (2009). Companion animals for elderly women: The importance of attachment. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 6(4), 281–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780880802314288
- Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
- Collis, G. M., & Mcnicholas, J. (1998). A theoretical basis for health benefits of pet ownership: Attachment versus psychological support. In C. C. Wilson & D. C. Turner(Eds.), Companion animals in human health (pp. 105–122). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452232959.n6
- Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
- Esposito, L. E., Mccardle, P., Maholmes, V., Mccune, S., & Griffin, J. A. (2011). Introduction. In P. Mccardle, M. Mccune, J. A. Griffin, L. Esposito, & L. Freund(Eds.), Animals in our lives: Human–animal interaction in family, community, & therapeutic settings (pp. 1–5). Baltimore: Brookes. https://doi.org/10.1037/14856-001
- Fine, A. H. (2019). Chapter 1 – The human–animal bond over the lifespan: A primer for mental health professionals. In L. Kogan & C. Blazina(Eds.), Clinician's guide to treating companion animal issues (pp. 1–19). San Diego: Elsevier Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812962-3.00001-0
- Garrity, T., Stallones, L., Marx, M., & Johnson, T. (1989). Pet ownership and attachment as supportive factors in the health of the elderly. Anthrozoös, 3, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279390787057829
- Gore, S. (1985). Social support and styles of coping with stress. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme(Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 263–278). Toronto, CA: Academic Press.
- Haskett, M. E., Nears, K., Sabourin ward, C., & Mcpherson, A. V. (2006). Diversity in adjustment of maltreated children: Factors associated with resilient functioning. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 796–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.03.005
- Herzog, H. (2011). The impact of pets on human health and psychological well‐being: Fact, fiction, or hypothesis?Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 236–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411415220
- Hirschman, E. C. (1994). Consumers and their animal companions. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(4), 616–632. https://doi.org/10.1086/209374
- Höltge, J., Mc gee, S. L., Maercker, A., & Thoma, M. V. (2018). A Salutogenic perspective on adverse experiences. European Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000011
- Hosey, G., & Melfi, V. (2014). Human–animal interactions, relationships and bonds: A review and analysis of the literature. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 27(1), 117–142.
- IBM. (2016). IBM SPSS statistics for Macintosh, version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
- Johnson, T. P., Garrity, T. F., & Stallones, L. (1992). Psychometric evaluation of the Lexington attachment to pets scale (Laps). Anthrozoös, 5(3), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279392787011395
- Levinson, B. M. (1969). Pet‐oriented child psychotherapy. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
- Luthar, S., & Zigler, E. (1991). Vulnerability and competence: A review of research on resilience in childhood(Vol. 61, pp. 6–22). Oxford: UK.
- Masten, A. (1994). Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity. In E. W. G. M. C. Wang(Ed.), Educational resilience in inner city America: Challenge and prospects. Hilldale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Mccardle, P., Mccune, S., Netting, F., Berger, A., & Maholmes, V. (2011). Therapeutic human–animal interaction: An overview. In P. Mccardle, S. Mccune, J. A. Griffin, L. Esposito, & L. S. Freund(Eds.), Animals in our lives: Human–animal interaction in family, community, and therapeutic settings (pp. 107–115) xix, 242 pp). Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1037/12301-000
- Mcconnell, A. R., Brown, C. M., Shoda, T. M., Stayton, L. E., & Martin, C. E. (2011). Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024506
- Mcnicholas, J., & Collis, G. (2006). Animals as social supporters. Insights for understanding animal‐assisted therapy. In A. Fine(Ed.), A handbook on animal‐assisted therapy. San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
- Mcnicholas, J., Gilbey, A., Rennie, A., Ahmedzai, S., Dono, J. A., & Ormerod, E. (2005). Pet ownership and human health: A brief review of evidence and issues. BMJ, 331(7527), 1252–1254. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1252
- Meehan, M., Massavelli, B., & Pachana, N. (2017). Using attachment theory and social support theory to examine and measure pets as sources of social support and attachment figures. Anthrozoös, 30(2), 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2017.1311050
- Netting, F., Wilson, C. C., Goodie, J. L., Stephens, M. B., Byers, C. G., & Olsen, C. H. (2013). Attachment, social support, and perceived mental health of adult dog walkers: What does age have to do with it?Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 40(4), 261–283.
- O'haire, M. (2010). Companion animals and human health: Benefits, challenges, and the road ahead. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 5(5), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2010.02.002
- Pachana, N. A., Ford, J. H., Andrew, B., & Dobson, A. J. (2005). Relations between companion animals and self‐reported health in older women: Cause, effect or artifact?International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_8
- Pallant, J. F. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37, 597–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12166
- Peacock, J., Chur‐hansen, A., & Winefield, H. (2012). Mental health implications of human attachment to companion animals. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20866
- Pejičić, M., Ristić, M., & Anđelković, V. (2018). The mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between perceived social support and resilience in postwar youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(4), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21951
- Purewal, R., Christley, R., Kordas, K., Joinson, C., Meints, K., Gee, N., & Westgarth, C. (2017). Companion animals and child/adolescent development: A systematic review of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030234
- Rutter M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147(6), 598–611. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.6.598
- Saunders, J., Parast, L., Babey, S., & Miles, J. (2017). Exploring the differences between pet and non‐pet owners: Implications for human–animal interaction research and policy. PLoS One, 12(6), e0179494. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179494
- Serpell, J. A. (2011). Historical and cultural perspectives on human–pet interactions. In P. Mccardle, S. Mccune, J. A. Griffin, L. Esposito, & L. S. Freund(Eds.), Animals in our lives: Human–animal interaction in family, community, and therapeutic settings xix, 242 pp (pp. 11–22). Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Publishing.
- Siegel, J. M., Angulo, F. J., Detels, R., Wesch, J., & Mullen, A. (1999). AIDS diagnosis and depression in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: The ameliorating impact of pet ownership. AIDS Care, 11(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540129948054
- Smolkovic, I., Fajfar, M., & Mlinaric, V. (2012). Attachment to pets and interpersonal relationships: Can a four‐legged friend replace a two‐legged one?Journal of European Psychology Students, 3(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5334/jeps.ao
- Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2018). In D. S. Charney(Ed.), Resilience: The science of mastering life's greatest challenges, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108349246.002
- Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter‐brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
- Stallones, L., Johnson, T. P., Garrity, T. F., & Marx, M. B. (1990). Quality of attachment to companion animals among U.S. adults 21 to 64-years of age. Anthrozoös, 3(3), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279391787057206
- Teismann, T., Forkmann, T., Brailovskaia, J., Siegmann, P., Glaesmer, H., & Margraf, J. (2018). Positive mental health moderates the association between depression and suicide ideation: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.08.001
- Vitztum, C. (2013). Human–animal interaction: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 24(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-3095.2012.01219.x
- Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(02), 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259810000420
- Winefield, H. R., Black, A., & Chur‐hansen, A. (2008). Health effects of ownership of and attachment to companion animals in an older population. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(4), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802365532
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2