13
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical communication

Massive choroidal granuloma as the presenting feature of disseminated tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients

, MS DNB FRCS (Glasg), , MS DNB MNAMS FRCS (Glasg), , MS & , MD MNAMS
Pages 607-610 | Received 12 Jul 2017, Accepted 12 Jul 2017, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

REFERENCES

  • Gupta V, Gupta A, Rao NA. Intraocular tuberculosis: an update. Surv Ophthalmol 2007; 52: 561–587.
  • Sridharan S, Biswas J. Ocular tuberculosis: an update. Expert Rev Ophthalmol 2007; 2: 845–860.
  • Iseman MD. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in adults. In: A Clinician's Guide to Tuberculosis. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2000; 145–197.
  • Talbot EA, Reller LB, Frothingham R. Bone marrow cultures for the diagnosis of mycobacterial and fungal infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3: 908–912.
  • Sharma SK, Mohan A, Sharma A. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of miliary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2012; 135: 703–730.
  • Thompson MJ, Albert DM. Ocular tuberculosis. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123: 844–849.
  • Sharma SK, Mohan A, Sharma A, Mitra DK. Miliary tuberculosis: new insights into an old disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 415–430.
  • Paton RT. The clinical significance of choroidal tubercles. Ann Intern Med 1932; 5: 997–999.
  • Velasco e cruz AA, Chahud F, Feldman R, Akaishi PM. Posterior scleral tuberculoma: case report. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2011; 74: 53–54.
  • Sharma PM, Singh RP, Kumar A et al. Choroidal tuberculoma in miliary tuberculosis. Retina 2003; 23: 101–104.
  • Annamalai R, Biswas J. Bilateral choroidal tuberculoma in miliary tuberculosis: report of a case. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2015; 5: 4.
  • Yilmaz T, Selcuk E, Polat N, Mutlu K. Choroidal tuberculoma showing paradoxical worsening in a patient with miliary TB. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2015; 23: 97–99.
  • Kee AR, Gonzalez‐lopez JJ, Al‐hity A et al. Anti‐tubercular therapy for intraocular tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61: 628–653.
  • Babu K, Murthy PR, Murthy KR. Intravitreal bevacizumab as an adjunct in a patient with presumed vascularised choroidal tubercular granuloma. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24: 397–399.
  • Invernizzi A, Franzetti F, Viola F et al. Optic nerve head tubercular granuloma successfully treated with anti‐VEGF intravitreal injections in addition to systemic therapy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2015; 25: 270–272.
  • Invernizzi A, Agarwal A, Mapelli C et al. Longitudinal follow‐up of choroidal granulomas using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Retina 2017; 37: 144–153.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.