112
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

Validation of an automated‐ETDRS near and intermediate visual acuity measurement

, OD PhD, , BS & , BS
Pages 663-667 | Received 27 Feb 2019, Accepted 15 Oct 2019, Published online: 15 Apr 2021

REFERENCES

  • Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study design and baseline patient characteristics. ETDRS report number 7. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 741–756.
  • Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report number 1. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group. Arch Ophthalmol 1985; 103: 1796–1806.
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs. patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120: 268–278.
  • Holmes JM, Edwards AR, Beck RW et al. A randomized pilot study of near activities versus non‐near activities during patching therapy for amblyopia. J AAPOS 2005; 9: 129–136.
  • Holmes JM, Kraker RT, Beck RW et al. A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 2075–2087.
  • Told R, Baratsits M, Garhofer G et al. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) visual acuity. Ophthalmologe 2013; 110: 960–965.
  • Koenig S, Tonagel F, Schiefer U et al. Assessing visual acuity across five disease types: ETDRS charts are faster with clinical outcome comparable to Landolt Cs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252: 1093–1099.
  • Zhang ZT, Zhang SC, Huang XG et al. A pilot trial of the iPad tablet computer as a portable device for visual acuity testing. J Telemed Telecare 2013; 19: 55–59.
  • Bokinni Y, Shah N, Maguire O et al. Performance of a computerised visual acuity measurement device in subjects with age‐related macular degeneration: comparison with gold standard ETDRS chart measurements. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29: 1085–1091.
  • Black JM, Jacobs RJ, Phillips G et al. An assessment of the iPad as a testing platform for distance visual acuity in adults. BMJ Open 2013; 3: e002730.
  • Aslam TM, Parry NR, Murray IJ et al. Development and testing of an automated computer tablet‐based method for self‐testing of high and low contrast near visual acuity in ophthalmic patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254: 891–899.
  • Ravikumar A, Sarver EJ, Applegate RA. Change in visual acuity is highly correlated with change in six image quality metrics independent of wavefront error and/or pupil diameter. J Vis 2012; 12: 11.
  • Ravikumar A, Marsack JD, Bedell HE et al. Change in visual acuity is well correlated with change in image‐quality metrics for both normal and keratoconic wavefront errors. J Vis 2013; 13: 28.
  • Applegate RA, Marsack JD, Thibos LN. Metrics of retinal image quality predict visual performance in eyes with 20/17 or better visual acuity. Optom Vis Sci 2006; 83: 635–640.
  • Camparini M, Cassinari P, Ferrigno L et al. ETDRS‐fast: implementing psychophysical adaptive methods to standardized visual acuity measurement with ETDRS charts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 1226–1231.
  • Reeves BC, Wood JM, Hill AR. Reliability of high‐ and low‐contrast letter charts. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1993; 13: 17–26.
  • Kheterpal S, Jones HS, Auld R et al. Reliability of visual acuity in children with reduced vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1996; 16: 447–449.
  • Barrio A, Antona B, Puell MC. Repeatability of mesopic visual acuity measurements using high‐ and low‐contrast ETDRS letter charts. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 253: 791–795.
  • Raasch TW, Bailey IL, Bullimore MA. Repeatability of visual acuity measurement. Optom Vis Sci 1998; 75: 342–348.
  • Blackhurst DW, Maguire MG. Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol. The macular photocoagulation study group. Retina 1989; 9: 163–169.
  • Lovie‐kitchin JE. Validity and reliability of visual acuity measurements. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1988; 8: 363–370.
  • Manny RE, Hussein M, Gwiazda J et al. Repeatability of ETDRS visual acuity in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44: 3294–3300.
  • Cho P, Woo GC. Repeatability of the Waterloo four‐contrast LogMAR visual acuity chart and near vision test card on a group of normal young adults. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2004; 24: 427–435.
  • Lam AK, Tong C, Tse J et al. Repeatability of near visual acuity measurement at high and low contrast. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91: 447–452.
  • Rosser DA, Murdoch IE, Cousens SN. The effect of optical defocus on the test‐retest variability of visual acuity measurements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 1076–1079.
  • Dougherty BE, Flom RE, Bullimore MA. An evaluation of the Mars letter contrast sensitivity test. Optom Vis Sci 2005; 82: 970–975.
  • Elliott DB, Yang KC, Whitaker D. Visual acuity changes throughout adulthood in normal, healthy eyes: seeing beyond 6/6. Optom Vis Sci 1995; 72: 186–191.
  • Carkeet A. Modeling logMAR visual acuity scores: effects of termination rules and alternative forced‐choice options. Optom Vis Sci 2001; 78: 529–538.
  • Shah N, Dakin SC, Whitaker HL et al. Effect of scoring and termination rules on test‐retest variability of a novel high‐pass letter acuity chart. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55: 1386–1392.
  • Tsilimbaris MK, Plainis S, Tontos C et al. Normative distance, intermediate and near visual acuity in simulated presbyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52: 2833.
  • Carkeet A, Lister LJ. Computer monitor pixellation and Sloan letter visual acuity measurement. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018; 38: 144–151.
  • Carkeet A. Exact parametric confidence intervals for bland‐Altman limits of agreement. Optom Vis Sci 2015; 92: e71–e80.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.