Exploring Complexity in a Human–Environment System: An Agent-Based Spatial Model for Multidisciplinary and Multiscale Integration

References

• An, L., Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Linderman, M. A., Zhou, S., and Zhang, H., 2001. Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on household level and implications on giant panda habitat, Ecological Modeling 140 (2001), pp. 31–49, 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00267-8/.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, L., Lupi, F., Liu, J., Linderman, M. A., and Huang, J., 2002. Modeling the choice to switch from fuelwood to electricity: Implications for giant panda habitat conservation, Ecological Economics 42 ((3)) (2002), pp. 445–57, 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00126-X/.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, L., Mertig, A. G., and Liu, J., 2003. Adolescents' leaving parental home: Psychosocial correlates and implications for biodiversity conservation, Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 24 ((5)) (2003), pp. 415–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batty, M., Xie, Y., and Sun, Z. L., 1994. Modelling urban dynamics through GIS-based cellular automata, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 23 (1994), pp. 205–33.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, T., 2002. Agent-based spatial models applied to agriculture: A simulation tool for technology diffusion, resource-use changes, and policy analysis, Agricultural Economics 25 ((2–3)) (2002), pp. 245–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian, L., 1997. "Multiscale nature of spatial data in scaling up environmental models". In: Quattrochi, D. A., and Goodchild, M. F., eds. Scale in remote sensing and GIS. New York: Lewis Publishers; 1997. p. 26.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. G., Pijanowski, B. C., and Duh, J. D., 2000. Modeling the relationships between land use and land cover on private lands in the Upper Midwest, U.S, Journal of Environment Management 59 (2000), pp. 247–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• China's Ministry of Forestry and World Wildlife Fund, 1989. Conservation and management plan for giant pandas and their habitat. Beijing, China. 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, W. C., 2002. "Research systems for a transition toward sustainability". In: Steffen, W., Jäger, J., Carson, D., and Bradshaw, C., eds. Challenges of a changing earth: Proceedings of the global change open science conference (Amsterdam NL, 10–13 July 2001). Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2002, http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/BCSIA/sust.nsf/pubs/pub54 (last accessed 11 June 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, K. C., and Gaydos, L., 1998. Loose coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore, International Journal of Geographical Information Science 12 ((7)) (1998), pp. 699–714, 12294536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deadman, P., Lim, K., Robinson, D., Moran, E., Brondízio, E., and McCracken, S., 2001. "LUCITA: multi-agent simulations of land-use change near Altamira, Brazil (Section 3.6)". In: Parker, D. C., Berger, T., Manson, S. M., and McConnell, W. J., eds. Agent-based models of land-use and land-cover change. 2001, Available at http://www.csiss.org/maslucc/ABM-LUCC.htm (last accessed 11 June 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ehrlich, P. R., and Wilson, E. O., 1991. Biodiversity studies: science and policy, Science 253 (1991), pp. 758–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flake, G. W., 1998. The computational beauty of nature: Computer explorations of fractals, chaos, complex systems, and adaptation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Gimblett, H. R., 2002. "Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based technologies for modeling and simulating social and ecological phenomena". In: Gimblett, H. R., ed. Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based techniques for simulating social and ecological processes. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 20.
   Google Scholar
• 1993. Goodchild, M. F., Parks, B. O., and Steyaert, L. T., eds. Environmental modeling with GIS. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, V., 1999. Ten years of individual-based modeling in ecology: What have we learned and what could we learn in the future?, Ecological Modeling 115 (1999), pp. 129–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, G., Bearer, S., Chen, X., and Liu, J., The household fuelwood collection survey (Section II), p. 2003, Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• He, G., Bearer, S., and Liu, J., The household fuelwood collection survey (Section I), pp. 2001–2002, Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Herold, M., Goldstein, N. C., and Clarke, K. C., 2003. The spatio-temporal form of urban growth: measurement, analysis and modeling, Remote Sensing of Environment 86 ((3)) (2003), pp. 286–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, B., and Gimblett, H. R., 2002. "An agent-based approach to environmental and urban systems within geographic information systems". In: Gimblett, H. R., ed. Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based techniques for simulating social and ecological processes. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 89.
   Google Scholar
• Jørgensen, S. E., 1986. Fundamentals of ecological modelling. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, D., and Wilson, G., 1999. Object-oriented programming and the Objective-C language. Cupertino, CA: Apple Computer, Inc; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Laurie, A., and Pan, W., 1991. "Working group report on giant pandas in the wild". In: Klerman, D., and Roberts, M., eds. Giant panda and red panda conservation workshop: Working group reports: National Zoological Park. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution; 1991. p. 12.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, S. A., Grenfell, B., Hastings, A., and Perelson, A. S., 1997. Mathematical and computational challenges in population biology and ecosystems science, Science 275 (1997), pp. 334–43, 8994023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., and Reynolds, J. F., 1997. "Modeling effects of spatial pattern, drought, and grazing on rates of rangelands degradation: a combined Markov and cellular automaton approach". In: Quattrochi, D. A., and Goodchild, M. F., eds. Scale in remote sensing and GIS. New York: Lewis Publishers; 1997. p. 30.
   Google Scholar
• Li, X., and Yeh, A. G., 2002. Neutral-network-based cellular automata for simulating multiple land use changes using GIS, International Journal of Geographical Information Science 16 ((4)) (2002), pp. 323–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, K., Deadman, P. J., Moran, E., Brondizio, E., and McCracken, S., 2002. "Agent-based simulations of household decision-making and land use change near Altamira, Brazil". In: Gimblett, H. R., ed. Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based techniques for simulating social and ecological processes. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. p. 308.
   Google Scholar
• Linderman, M., An, L., Bearer, S., He, G., Ouyang, Z., and Liu, J., Modeling the spatio-temporal dynamics and interactions of households, landscapes, and giant panda habitat, Ecological Modelling, 12263236, Forthcoming..
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linderman, M., Liu, J., Qi, J., Ouyang, Z., An, L., Yang, J., and Tan, Y., 2004. Using artificial neural networks to map the spatial distribution of understory bamboo from remote sensing data, International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 ((6)) (2004), pp. 1685–1700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., An, L., Batie, S. S., Groop, R. E., Zai, L., Linderman, M. A., Mertig, A. G., Ouyang, Z., and Qi, J., 2003. "Human impacts on land cover and panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve: linking ecological, socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral data". In: Fox, J., Rindfuss, R. R., Walsh, S. J., and Mishra, V., eds. People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003. p. 63.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Daily, G. C., Ehrlich, P. R., and Luck, G. W., 2003. Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity, Nature 421 (2003), pp. 530–33, 12540852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Linderman, M., Ouyang, Z., An, L., Yang, J., and Zhang, H., 2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas, Science 292 (2001), pp. 98–101, 11292872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Tan, Y., Yang, J., and Zhang, H., 1999. Changes in human population structure: Implications for biodiversity, Population and Environment: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 21 (1999), pp. 46–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Taylor, W. W., Groop, R., and Zhang, H., 1999. A framework for evaluating the effects of human factors on wildlife habitat: the case of giant pandas, Conservation Biology 13 (1999), pp. 1360–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, E., Bocco, G., Mendoza, M. M., and Duhau, E., 2001. Predicting land-cover and land-use change in the urban fringe: A case in Morelia city, Mexico, Landscape and Urban Planning 55 (2001), pp. 271–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O., 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1967.
   Google Scholar
• Malanson, G. P., 1999. Considering complexity, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 89 (1999), pp. 746–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malanson, G. P., 2002. Extinction-debt trajectories and spatial patterns of habitat destruction, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92 (2002), pp. 177–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson, S. M., 2001. "Calibration, verification, and validation (Section 2.4)". In: Parker, D. C., Berger, T., and Manson, S. M., eds. Agent-based models of land-use and land-cover change. 2001, (W. J. McConnell, mng. ed.) http://www.csiss.org/maslucc/ABM-LUCC.htm (last accessed 11 June 2004).
   Google Scholar
• Messina, J. P., and Walsh, S. J., 2001. 2.5D morphogenesis: modeling landuse and landcover dynamics in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Plant Ecology 156 (2001), pp. 75–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minar, N., Burkhart, R., Langton, C., and Askenazi, M., 1996. The Swarm simulation system: A toolkit for building multi-agent simulations (SFI Working Paper 96-06-042). 1996, http://www.swarm.org/archive/overview.ps (last accessed 11 June 2004)..
   Google Scholar
• Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., B da Fonseca, G. A., and Kent, J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature 403 (2000), pp. 853–58, 10706275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najlis, R., Janssen, M. A., and Parker, D. C., 2001. "Software tools and communication issues (Section 2.3)". In: Parker, D. C., Berger, T., and Manson, S. M., eds. Agent-based models of land-use and land-cover change. 2001. pp. 27–39, (W. J. McConnell, mng. ed.), http://www.csiss.org/maslucc/ABM-LUCC.htm (last accessed 11 June 2004).
   Google Scholar
• NeXT Software, Inc., 1992. Object-oriented Programming and the Objective-C Language. 1992, Online: http://www.gnustep.org/resources/documentation/ObjectivCBook.pdf (last accessed 11 June 2004)..
   Google Scholar
• Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., and Belitz, K., 1994. Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences, Science 263 ((4 February)) (1994), pp. 641–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang, Z., Liu, J., Zhou, S., and Tan, Y., 1998. The vegetation survey in Wolong Nature Reserve, (1998), Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Overton, S., 1977. "A strategy of model construction". In: Hall, C., and Day, J., eds. Ecosystem modeling in theory and practice: an introduction with case histories. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1977. p. 73.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, W. K. Y., Erlien, C. M., Baquero, F., Walsh, S. J., Bilsborrow, R. E., and Frizzelle, B. G., 2004. Farm-level models of spatial patterns of land use and land cover dynamics in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Agriculture, Ecosystems, & Environment 101 ((2–3)) (2004), pp. 117–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., and Deadman, P., 2003. Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93 (2003), pp. 314–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peuquet, D. J., 1999. "Time in GIS and geographical databases". In: Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., and Rhind, D. W., eds. Geographical information systems (). New York: Wiley; 1999. pp. 91–103.
   Google Scholar
• Rindfuss, R. R., Prasartkul, P., Walsh, S. J., Entwisle, B., Sawangdee, Y., and Vogler, J. B., 2003. "Household-parcel linkages in Nang Rong, Thailand: challenges of large samples". In: Fox, J., Rindfuss, R. R., Walsh, S. J., and Mishra, V., eds. People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003. p. 3.
   Google Scholar
• Rykiel, E. J., 1996. Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation, Ecological Modeling 90 (1996), pp. 229–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller, G. B., Hu, J., Pan, W., and Zhu, J., 1985. The giant pandas of Wolong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Seto, K. C., and Kaufmann, R. K., 2003. Modeling the drivers of urban land use change in the Pearl River Delta, China: integrating remote sensing with socioeconomic data, Land Economics 79 ((1)) (2003), pp. 106–1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, S. J., Bilsborrow, R. E., McGregor, S. J., Frizelle, B. G., Messina, J. P., Pan, W. K. T., Crews-Meyer, K. A., Taff, G. M., and Baquero, F., 2003. "Integration of longitudinal surveys, remote sensing time series, and spatial analysis: approaches for linking people and place". In: Fox, J., Rindfuss, R. R., Walsh, S. J., and Mishra, V., eds. People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2003. p. 63.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, S. J., Evans, T. P., Welsh, W. F., Entwisle, B., and Rindfuss, R. R., 1999. Scale-dependent relationships between population and environment in northeastern Thailand, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 65 ((1)) (1999), pp. 97–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesseling, C. G., Karssenberg, D. J., Burrough, P. A., and Van Deursen, W. P. A., 1996. Integrated dynamic environmental models in GIS: the development of a dynamic modelling language, Transactions in GIS 1 (1996), pp. 40–48.
   Google Scholar
• Wolong Administration, 1987. Wolong vegetation cover and plant resources. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Wolong Administration, 1996. 1996 Agricultural Census. 1996, Wolong (unpublished, in Chinese)..
   Google Scholar
• Wolong Administration, 2000. Wolong 2000 nationwide population census data. 2000, unpublished, in Chinese)..
   Google Scholar
• 1992. Yang, Y., and Li, C., eds. Sichuan forests. Beijing, China: Yunnan, China Forestry Press; 1992.
   Google Scholar