Community Development and the Influence of New Food Retail Sources on the Price and Availability of Nutritious Food

REFERENCES

• Apartment Ratings. (2011). Flint apartments pricing and Flint MI apartment reviews. Retrieved June 3, 2011, http://www.apartmentratings.com/rate/MI-Flint-Pricing.html
   Google Scholar
• Apparicio, P., Cloutier, M.-S., & Shearmur, R. (2007). The case of Montreal’s missing food deserts: Evaluation of accessibility to food supermarkets. International Journal of Health Geographics, 6(4). Retrieved from http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/6/1/4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaumont, J., Lang, T., Leather, S., & Mucklow, C. (1995). Report from the policy sub-group to the Nutrition Task Force Low Income Project Team of the Department of Health. Radlett, UK: Institute of Grocery Distribution.
   Google Scholar
• Binkley, J. K., Eales, J., & Jekanowski, M. (2000). The relation between dietary change and rising US obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 24, 1032–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, J. P., & Carroll, M. C. (2007). Inner-city neighborhoods and metropolitan development. Economic Development Quarterly, 21(3), 263–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, D., & Kouba, J. (2006). A comparison of the availability and affordability of a market basket in two communities in the Chicago area. Public Health and Nutrition, 9, 837–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowes, D. R. (2007). A two-stage model of the simultaneous relationship between retail development and crime. Economic Development Quarterly, 21(1), 79–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, M. C. (2004). Building a common table: The role for planning in community food systems. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23, 341–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carley, M., Kirk, K., & McIntosh, S. (2001). Retailing, sustainability and neighbourhood regeneration. York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, J. H. (1999). Community, capital and markets: A new paradigm for community reinvestment. The Neighborworks’ Journal, 17(3), pp. 20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, C., & Myers, S. (1999). Do the poor pay more for food? An analysis of grocery store availability and food price disparities. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 33(2), 276–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• City of Flint. (2010). City of Flint consolidated annual performance and evaluation report. Flint, MI: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Clifton, K. J. (2004). Mobility strategies and food shopping for low-income families: A case study. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23, 402–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, S., Curtis, S., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Macintyre, S. (2007). Understanding and representing “place” in health research: A relational approach. Social Science & Medicine, 65, 1825–1838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, S., Findlay, A., Petticrew, M., & Sparks, L. (2008). Retail-led regeneration and store-switching behaviour. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15, 288–295.
   Google Scholar
• Cummins, S., & Macintyre, S. (2002). A systematic study of an urban foodscape: The price and availability of food in greater Glasgow. Urban Studies, 39(11), 2115–2130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmon, N., Ferguson, E. L., & Briend, A. (2002). A cost constraint alone has adverse effects on food selection and nutrient density: An analysis of human diets by linear programming. Journal of Nutrition, 132, 3764–3771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donkin, A., Dowler, E., Stevenson, S., & Turner, S. (1999). Mapping access to food at a local level. British Food Journal, 101(7), 554–564.
   Google Scholar
• Drewnowski, A., Darmon, N., & Briend, A. (2004). Replacing fats and sweets with vegetables and fruits—A question of cost. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1555–1559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkley, B., Helling, A., & Sawicki, D. (2004). Accessibility versus scale: Examining the tradeoffs in grocery stores. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(4), 387–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhauer, E. (2001). In poor health: Supermarket redlining and urban nutrition. GeoJournal, 53, 125–133.
   Google Scholar
• ESRI Data & Maps. (2007). LISC Center for Commercial Revitalization—Neighborhood market snapshot. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Flint Journal. (2009). Riverfront Character Inn to become residence hall. February 2;http://www.mlive.com/business/mid-michigan/index.ssf/2009/02/former_flint_hotel_to_become_u.html.
   Google Scholar
• Food Retail Expansion to Support Health (FRESH). (2011). Retrieved November 11, 2011, from http://www.nycedc.com/FINANCINGINCENTIVES/TAXEXEMPTIONS/FRESH/Pages/fresh.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, D. A., & Bell, B. A. (2009). Access to healthful foods among an urban food insecure population: Perceptions versus reality. Journal of Urban Health, 86(6), 825–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friel, S., Walsh, O., & McCarthy, D. (2006). The irony of a rich country: Issues of financial access to and availability of healthy food in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 1013–1019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furey, S., Strugnell, C., & McIlveen, H. (2001). An investigation of the potential existence of “food deserts” in rural and urban areas of Northern Ireland. Agriculture and Human Values, 18, 447–457.
   Google Scholar
• Gatrell, A. C., & Löytönen, M. (1998). GIS and health. London: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Gilliland, J. (2010). The built environment and obesity: Trimming waistlines through neighbourhood design. In T. Bunting, P. Filion, & R. Walker (Eds), Canadian cities in transition (4th ed, pp. 391–410). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilliland, J., & Ross, N. (2005). Opportunities for video lottery gambling: An environmental analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96, 55–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Growing Power. (2011). Retrieved November 11, 2011, from http://www.growingpower.org/
   Google Scholar
• Growing Home. (2011). Retrieved November 11, 2011, from http://www.growinghomeinc.org/
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S., & Schwab, M. (1987). Accessibility and intraurban travel. Environment and Planning A, 19, 735–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health Canada. (1998). Ontario nutritious food basket. Ottawa: Ministry of Public Works and Government Services.
   Google Scholar
• Highsmith, A. R. (2009). Demolition means progress: Race, class, and the deconstruction of the American dream in Flint, Michigan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Hollander, J. B. (2010). Moving toward a shrinking cities metric: Analyzing land use changes associated with depopulation in Flint, Michigan. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research, 12(1), 133–152.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, A. J. (2009). The impacts of variations in development context on employment growth: A comparison of central cities in Michigan and Ontario, 1980–2006. Economic Development Quarterly, 23(4), 351–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jetter, K. M., & Cassady, D. L. (2006). The availability and cost of healthier food alternatives. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(1), 38–44.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, K., & Simmons, J. (1990). The retail environment. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Just, D. R., & Payne, C. R. (2009). Obesity: Can behavioral economics help? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 47–55.
   Google Scholar
• Krumholz, N. (1991). Equity and local economic development. Economic Development Quarterly, 5(4), 291–300.
   Google Scholar
• Laraia, B. A., Siega-Riz, A. M., Kaufman, J. S., & Jones, S. J. (2004). Proximity of supermarkets is positively associated with diet quality index for pregnancy. Preventive Medicine, 31, 10–17.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, K., & Gilliland, J. (2008). Mapping the evolution of “food deserts” in a Canadian city: Supermarket accessibility in London, Ontario, 1961–2005. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7(16).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, K., & Gilliland, J. (2009). A farmers’ market in a food desert: Evaluating impacts on the price and availability of healthy food. Health & Place, 15(4), 1158–1162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavin, M. (2000). Problems and opportunities of retailing in the US “inner city.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7, 47–57.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, L. B., Sloane, D. C., Nascimento, L. M., Diamant, A. L., Guinyard, J. J., Flynn, G., & Yancey, A. K. (2005). African Americans’ access to healthy food options in South Los Angeles restaurants. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 668–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LISC-Flint (Local Initiatives Support Corporation-Flint). (2008). Witherbee’s project information Flint, MI: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer, H. J., & Greenberg, M. R. (2001). Coming back from economic despair: Case studies of small- and medium-sized American cities. Economic Development Quarterly, 15(3), 203–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, A., & Kirkup, M. (2003) Retail development and urban regeneration: A case study of Castle Vale. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 31(9), 451–458.
   Google Scholar
• Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Dietz, W. H., Vinicor, F., Bales, V. S., & Marks, J. S. (2003). Prevalance of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(1), 76–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, L. V., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Brines, S. (2008). Comparing perception-based and geographic information system (GIS)-based characteristics of the local food environment. Journal of Urban Health, 85(2), 206–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morland, K., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Wing, S. (2006). Supermarkets, other food stores, and obesity: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30, 333–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morland, K. B., & Evenson, K. R. (2009). Obesity prevalence and the local food environment. Health & Place, 15, 491–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morland, K., & Filomena, S. (2007). Disparities in the availability of fruits and vegetables between racially segregated urban neighborhoods. Public Health Nutrition, 10(12), 1481–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathoo, T., & Shoveller, J. (2003). Do healthy food baskets assess food security? Chronic Disease in Canada, 24, 65–69.
   Google Scholar
• Nayga, R. M., Jr., & Weinburg, Z. (1999). Supermarket access in the inner cities. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 6, 141–145.
   Google Scholar
• Pampalon, R., Hamel, D., Gamache, P., & Raymond, G. (2010). A deprivation index for health planning in Canada. Chronic Disease in Canada, 29(4), 178–191.
   Google Scholar
• Paeratakul, S., Ferdinand, D., Champagne, C., Ryan, D., & Bray, G. (2003). Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: Dietary and nutrient intake profile. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 103(10), 1332–1338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, T., Russell, J., Campbell, M. J., & Barker, M. E. (2005). Do “food deserts” influence fruit and vegetable consumption?—A cross-sectional study. Appetite, 45, 195–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polk, R. L. & Co. (1998). Polk’s Flint City Directory. Detroit, MI: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Polk, R. L. & Co. (1999). Polk’s Flint City Directory. Detroit, MI: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1995). The competitive advantage of the inner city. Harvard Business Review, (May–June), 55–71.
   Google Scholar
• Poston, W. S. C., II, & Foreyt, J. P. (1999). Obesity is an environmental issue. Atherosclerosis, 146, 201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pothukuchi, K. (2004). Community food assessment: A first step in planning for community food security. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(4), 356–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pothukuchi, K. (2005). Attracting supermarkets to inner-city neighborhoods: Economic development outside the box. Economic Development Quarterly, 19(3), 232–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pothukuchi, K., & Kaufman, J. L. (2000). The food system: A stranger to the planning field. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(2), 112–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevention Research Center of Michigan. (2009). Speak to your health community survey. Ann Arbor, MI: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Reese, L. A., & Ye, M. (2011). Policy versus place luck: Achieving local economic prosperity. Economic Development Quarterly, 25, 221–236. doi: 10.1177/0891242411408292
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reidpath, D. D., Burns, C., Garrard, J., Mahoney, M., & Townsend, M. (2002). An ecological study of the relationship between social and environmental determinants of obesity. Health & Place, 8, 141–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, D., & Richards, R. (2004). Food store access and household fruit and vegetable use among participants in the US Food Stamp Program. Public Health Nutrition, 7(8), 1081–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadler, R. C., Gilliland, J. A., & Arku, G. (2011). An application of the edge effect in measuring accessibility to multiple food retailer types in rural Southwestern Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Health Geographics, 10(34).
   Google Scholar
• Segoe and Associates. (1960). Comprehensive master plan of Flint, Michigan, and environs. Cincinnati: Ladislas Segoe and Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Smoyer-Tomic, K. E., Spence, J. C., & Amrhein, C. (2006). Food deserts in the prairies? Supermarket accessibility and neighborhood need in Edmonton, Canada. The Professional Geographer, 58(3), 307–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travers, K. (1996). The social organization of nutritional inequities. Social Science & Medicine, 43(4), 543–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Census 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2011, from http://2010.census.gov/2010census/
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2000a). Census 2000 census block group data. Retrieved February 23, 2011, from http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/bg2000.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (2000b). Census 2000 urban and rural classification. Retrieved February 23, 2011, from http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html
   Google Scholar
• Wang, M. C., Kim, S., Gonzalez, A. A., MacLeod, K. E., & Winkleby, M. A. (2007). Socioeconomic and food-related physical characteristics of the neighborhood environment are associated with body mass index. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61, 491–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, M. (2007). Food access and obesity. Obesity Review, 8(1), 99–107.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, P., & Hubbard, P. (2001). Who is disadvantaged? Retail change and social exclusion. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 11(3), 267–286.
   Google Scholar
• Winkler, E., Turrell, G., & Patterson, C. (2006). Does living in a disadvantaged area entail limited opportunities to purchase fresh fruit and vegetables in terms of price, availability, and variety? Findings from the Brisbane Food Study. Health & Place, 12, 741–748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wrigley, N. (2001). Transforming the corporate landscape of US food retailing: Market power, financial re-engineering and regulation. Journal of Economic & Social Geography, 93(1), 62–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer, B. G., & Hawley, A. H. (1956a). Approaches to the solution of fringe problems: Preferences of residents in the Flint metropolitan area. Public Administration Review, 16(4), 258–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmer, B. G., & Hawley, A. H. (1956b). Home owners and attitude toward tax increase: Flint metropolitan area. Journal of the American Planning Association, 22(2), 65–74.
   Google Scholar