158
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Structural glaciology of a temperate maritime glacier: lower fox glacier, new zealand

, , &
Pages 451-467 | Received 01 May 2010, Accepted 01 Aug 2010, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

References

  • Allen, C.R., Kamb, W.B., Meier, M.F. and Sharp, R.P., 1960: Structure of the Lower Blue Glacier, Washington. The Journal of Geology, 68: 601–625.
  • Anderson, B., 2003: The response of Ka Roimata o Hine Hukatere Franz Josef Glacier to climate change. PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury.
  • Arcone, S.A., Spikes, V.B. and Hamilton, G.S., 2005: Phase structure of radar stratigraphic horizons within Antarctic firn. Annals of Glaciology, 41: 10–16.
  • Atherton, D., 1963: Comparisons of ogive systems under various regimes. Journal of Glaciology, 4(35): 547–557.
  • Benn, D.I. and Ballantyne, C.K., 1994: Reconstructing the transport history of glaciogenic sediments – a new approach based on the co‐variance of clast form indexes. Sedimentary Geology, 91(1–4): 215–227.
  • Benn, D.I. and Evans, D.J.A., 1998: Glaciers and glaciation. Arnold.London . 760p.
  • Bennett, M.R., Huddart, D., Hambrey, M.J. and Ghienne, J.F., 1996: Moraine development at the high‐arctic valley glacier Pedersenbreen, Svalbard. Geografiska Annaler, 78A(4): 209–222.
  • Boulton, G.S., 1978: Boulder shapes and grain‐size distributions of debris as indicators of transport paths through a glacier and till genesis. Sedimentology, 25(6): 773–799.
  • Carrivick, J.L. and Rushmer, E.L., 2009: Inter‐ and intracatchment variations in proglacial geomorphology: an example from Franz Josef Glacier and Fox Glacier, New Zealand. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 41(1): 18–36.
  • Chinn, T.J., Heydenrych, C. and Salinger, M.J., 2005: Use of the ELA as a practical method of monitoring glacier response to climate in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Journal of Glaciology, 51(172): 85–95.
  • Clarke, T.S. and Bentley, C.R., 1994: High resolution radar on Ice Stream B2, Antarctica – Measurements of electromagnetic wave speed in firn and strain history from buried crevasses. Annals of Glaciology, 20: 153–159.
  • Coates, G. and Chinn, T. J., 1999: The Franz Josef and Fox Glaciers. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd,Wellington .
  • Eyles, N. and Rogerson, R.J., 1978: A framework for the investigation of medial moraine formation: Austerdalsbreen, Norway, and Berendon Glacier, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 20(82): 99–113.
  • Fisher, J.E., 1962: Ogives of the Forbes type on Alpine glaciers and a study of their origins. Journal of Glaciology, 4: 53–61.
  • Glasser, N.F. and Hambrey, M.J., 2002: Sedimentary facies and landform genesis at a temperate outlet glacier: Soler Glacier, North Patagonian Icefield. Sedimentology, 49(1): 43–64.
  • Glasser, N.F. and Scambos, T.A., 2008: A structural glaciological analysis of the 2002 Larsen B ice‐shelf collapse. Journal of Glaciology, 54(184): 3–16.
  • Glasser, N., Goodsell, B., Copland, L. and Lawson, W., 2006: Debris characteristics and ice‐shelf dynamics in the ablation region of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 52(177): 223–234.
  • Glasser, N.F., Hambrey, M.J., Crawford, K.R., Bennett, M.R. and Huddart, D., 1998: The structural glaciology of Kongsvegen, Svalbard, and its role in landform genesis. Journal of Glaciology, 44(146): 136–148.
  • Glasser, N.F., Hambrey M.J., Etienne J.L., Jansson P. and Pettersson R., 2003: The origin and significance of debris‐charged ridges at the surface of Storglaciaren, northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography, 85A(2): 127–147.
  • Gomez, B. and Small, R.J., 1985: Medial moraines of the Haut Glacier d' Arolla, Valais, Switzerland: debris supply and implications for moraine formation. Journal of Glaciology, 31(109): 303–307.
  • Goodsell, B., Hambrey, M.J. and Glasser, N.F., 2002: Formation of band ogives and associated structures at Bas Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology, 48(161): 287–300.
  • Goodsell, B., Hambrey, M.J. and Glasser N.F., 2005: Debris transport in a temperate valley glacier: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology, 51(172): 139–146.
  • Goodsell, B., Hambrey, M.J., Glasser, N.F., Nienow, P. and Mair, D., 2005a: The structural glaciology of a temperate valley glacier: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 37(2): 218–232.
  • Graham, D.J. and Midgley, N.G., 2001: Graphical representation of particle shape using triangular diagrams: an Excel spreadsheet method. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25: 1473–1477.
  • Gunn, B.M., 1964: Flow rates and secondary structures of Fox and Franz Josef Glaciers, New Zealand. Journal of Glaciology, 5: 173–190.
  • Hambrey, M.J., 1976: Structure of Glacier Charles‐Rabots‐Bre, Norway. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87(11): 1629–1637.
  • Hambrey, M.J., 1977: Foliation, minor folds and strain in glacier ice. Tectonophysics, 39: 397–416.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Dowdeswell, J.A., 1997: Structural evolution of a surge‐type polythermal glacier: Hessbreen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology, 24: 375–381.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Ehrmann, W., 2004: Clast‐shape and textural characteristics of glacigenic sediments in high‐alpine glacierised catchments: Mount Cook area, New Zealand. Boreas, 33, 300–318.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Glasser N.F., 2003: The role of folding and foliation development in the genesis of medial moraines: Examples from Svalbard glaciers. Journal of Geology, 111(4): 471–485.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Huddart, D., 1995: Englacial and proglacial glaciotectonic processes at the snout of a thermally complex glacier in Svalbard. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10(4): 313–326.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Lawson, W., 2000: Structural styles and deformation fields in glaciers: a review. In: Maltman, A.J., Hubbard, B. and Hambrey, M.J., (eds): Deformation of glacial materials, Geological Society Special Publication, 176: 59–83.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Milnes, A.G., 1977: Structural geology of an Alpine glacier (Griesgletscher, Valais, Switzerland). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 70: 667–684.
  • Hambrey, M.J. and Müller, M.F., 1978: Structures and ice deformation in the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Journal of Glaciology, 20(82): 41–66.
  • Hambrey, M.J., Bennett, M.R., Dowdeswell, J.A., Glasser, N.F. and Huddart, D., 1999: Debris entrainment and transfer in polythermal valley glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 45(149): 69–86.
  • Hambrey, M.J., Milnes, A.G. and Siegenthaler, H., 1980: Dynamics and structure of Griesgletscher, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology, 25(92): 215–228.
  • Hambrey, M.J., Murray, T., Glasser, N.F., Hubbard, A., Hubbard, B., Stuart, G., Hansen, S. and Kohler, J., 2005: Structure and changing dynamics of a polythermal valley glacier on a centennial timescale: Midre Lovenbreen, Svalbard. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, 110(F1).
  • Heim, A., 1885: Handbuch der Gletscherkunde. Engelhorn.Stuttgart . 560p.
  • Herbst, P., Neubauer, F. and Schopfer, M.P.J., 2006: The development of brittle structures in an alpine valley glacier: Pasterzenkees, Austria, 1887–1997. Journal of Glaciology, 52(176): 128–136.
  • Hooke, R.L., 2005: Principles of glacier mechanics. Cambridge University Press.Cambridge . 452p.
  • Hooke, R.L. and Hudleston, P.J., 1978: Origin of foliation in glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 20: 285–299.
  • Hubbard, B. and Glasser, N.F., 2005: Field techniques in glaciology and glacial geomorphology. Wiley.Chichester . 420p.
  • Hudleston, P.J. and Hooke, R.L., 1980: Cumulative deformation in the Barnes Ice Cap and implications for the development of foliation. Tectonophysics, 66(1–3): 127–146.
  • King, C.A.M. and Ives, J.D., 1956: Glaciological observations on some of the outlet glaciers of south‐west Vatnajökull, Iceland, 1954, Pt. II Ogives. Journal of Glaciology, 2: 646–650.
  • King, C.A.M. and Lewis, W.V., 1961: A tentative theory of ogive formation. Journal of Glaciology, 3(29): 912–939.
  • Knight, P.G., 1992: Ice deformation very close to the ice sheet margin in west Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 38(128): 3–8.
  • Lawson, W., 1996: Structural evolution of Variegated Glacier, Alaska, USA, since 1948. Journal of Glaciology, 42(141): 261–270.
  • Lawson, W.J., Sharp, M.J. and Hambrey, M.J., 1994: The structural glaciology of a surge‐type glacier. Journal of Structural Geology, 16(10): 1447–1462.
  • Leighton, F.B., 1951: Ogives of the East Twin Glacier, Alaska: their nature and origin. Journal of Geology, 59(6): 578–589.
  • Lliboutry, L., 1958: Studies of the shrinkage after a sudden advance, blue bands and wave ogives on Glaciar Universidad (Central Chilean Andes). Journal of Glaciology, 3(24): 261–270.
  • Mair, D., Nienow, P., Willis, I. and Sharp, M., 2001: Spatial patterns of glacier motion during a high‐velocity event: Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Journal of Glaciology, 47(156): 9–20.
  • Miller, M.M., 1952: Preliminary notes concerning certain glacier structures and glacial lakes on the Juneau Ice Field. American Geographical Society, Juneau Icefield Research Project report No. 6: 49–86.
  • Murray, T., Stuart, G.W., Miller, P.J., Woodward, J., Smith, A.M., Porter, P.R. and Jiskoot, H., 2000: Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution at the bed. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 105(B6): 13491–13507.
  • Navarro, F.J., Macheret, T.Y., and Benjumea, B., 2005: Application of radar and seismic methods for the investigation of temperate glaciers. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 57: 193–211.
  • Nye, J.F., 1951: The flow of glaciers and ice sheets as a problem of plasticity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A – Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 207(1091): 554–572.
  • Nye, J.F., 1952: A method of calculating the thicknesses of the ice sheets. Nature, 169(4300): 529–530.
  • Nye, J.F., 1958: Surges in glaciers. Nature, 181(4621): 1450–1451.
  • Nye, J.F., 1959: A method for determining the strain‐rate tensor at the surface of a glacier. Journal of Glaciology, 3(25): 409–419.
  • Posamentier, H.W. 1978: Thoughts on ogive formation. Journal of Glaciology, 20: 218–220.
  • Purdie, H.L., Brook, M.S. and Fuller, I.C., 2008a: Seasonal variation in ablation and surface velocity on a temperate maritime Glacier: Fox Glacier, New Zealand. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research, 40(1): 140–147.
  • Purdie, H.L., Brook, M.S., Fuller, I.C. and Appleby, J., 2008b: Seasonal variability in velocity and ablation of te moeka o Tuawe/Fox glacier, South Westland, New Zealand. New Zealand Geographer, 64(1): 5–19.
  • Ramsay, J.G., 1967: Folding and fracturing of rocks. McGraw‐Hill.New York . 560p.
  • Ramsay, J. and Huber, M., 1987: The techniques of modern structural geology, volume 2: Folds and fractures. Academic Press.London . 392p.
  • Roberson, S., 2008: Structural composition and sediment transfer in a composite cirque glacier: Glacier de St. Sorlin, France. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(13): 1931–1947.
  • Sensors and Software2003: pulseEKKO PRO user's guide. Sensors & Software Inc,Mississauga ,Canada . 159p.
  • Sharp, M., 1988: Surging glaciers – behavior and mechanisms. Progress in Physical Geography, 12(3): 349–370.
  • Sharp, M., Lawson, W. and Anderson, W., 1988: Tectonic processes in a surge type glacier. Journal of Glaciology, 40: 327–340.
  • Sharp, M., Richards, K., Willis, I., Arnold, N., Nienow, P., Lawson, W. and Tison, J.L., 1993: Geometry, bed topography and drainage system structure of the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18(6): 557–571.
  • Sheriff, R.E., 2002: Encyclopedic dictionary of applied geophysics. Society of Exploration Geophysicists,Tulsa ,Oklahoma , 4th edition.
  • Theakstone, W.H. and Knudsen, N.T., 1986: Recent changes of a calving glacier, Austerdalsisen, Svartisen, Norway. Geografiska Annaler, 68A: 303–316.
  • Vaughan, D.G., 1993: Relating the occurrence of crevasses to surface strain rates. Journal of Glaciology, 39(132): 255–266.
  • Vere, D.M. and Benn, D.I., 1989: Structure and debris characteristics of medial moraines in Jotunheimen, Norway – implications for moraine classification. Journal of Glaciology, 35(120): 276–280.
  • Washburn, B., 1935: Morainic bandings of Malaspina and other Alaskan glaciers. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 46: 1879–1890.
  • Williams, L.D. and Knight, P.G., 1987: A computer program for glacier‐surface plain‐strain analysis. Journal of Glaciology, 33(114): 249–250.
  • Woodward, J., Murray, T. and Mccaig, A., 2002: Formation and reorientation of structure in the surge‐type glacier Kongsvegen, Svalbard. Journal of Quaternary Science, 17(3): 201–209.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.