Ice patch origin, evolution and dynamics in a temperate high mountain environment: the jou negro, picos de europa (nw spain)

References

• Alonso, V. and González‐suárez, J.J., 1998. Presencia de hielo glaciar en los Picos de Europa (Cordillera Cantábrica). El helero del Jou Negro. [Glaciar ice ocurrence in the Picos de Europa. The Jou Negro ice patch]. Cuaternario y Geomorfología, 12(1–2), 35–44.
   Google Scholar
• Assier, A., 1993. L'Englacement des Alpes de Sud Franco‐Italienes du Petit Age de Glace a la fin du XXéme siecle. Institute de Geographie Alpine‐CNRS, Grenoble.
   Google Scholar
• Barsch, D., 1996. Rockglaciers. Indicators for the Present and Former Geoecology in High Mountain Environments. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Benn, D.I. and Evans, D.J.A., 1998. Glaciers and Glaciation. Edward Arnold, London.
   Google Scholar
• Braithwaite, R.J., Zhang, Y. and Raper, S.C.B., 2003. Temperature sensitivity of the mass balance of mountain glaciers and ice caps as a climatological characteristic. Zeitschrift Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 38, 35–61.
   Google Scholar
• Brandt, O., Langley, K., Kohler J. and Hamran, S.E., 2007. Detection of buried ice and sediment layers in permafrost using multi‐frequency Ground Penetrating Radar: A case examination on Svalbard. Remote Sensing of Environment, 111, 212–227.
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen, H.H., 1998. Nivation forms and processes in unconsolidated sediments, NE Greenland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 751–760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del río, L.M., Tejado, J.J., De sanjosé, J.J., Atkinson, A., Serrano, E., González, J.J. and Fernández, A., 2009. Ice patch structure and depth using GPR techniques: a first approach to the Jou Negro ice patch (Picos de Europa, Spain). In: Proceeding 5th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR 2009). Granada. 122–126.
   Google Scholar
• Diolaiuti, G. and Smiraglia, C., 2010. Changing glacier in a changing climate: how vanishing geomorphosites have been driving depth changes on mountain landscape and environment. Geomorphologie, 2, 131–152.
   Google Scholar
• Diolaiuti, G., Smiraglia, C., Pelfini, M., Beló, M., Pavan, M. and Vassena, G., 2006. The recent evolution of an Alpine glacier used for summer skiing (Vedretta Piana, Stelvio Pass, Italy). Cold Regions Science and Technology, 44, 206–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Nature Information System (EUNIS), 2009. EUNIS habitats Thesaurus Framework for Nature Conservation. European Economic Community (EEC). http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/glossary.jsp. 20 March 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Frochoso, M. and Castañón, J.C., 1995. Comments on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain” by González‐Suárez and Alonso. Journal of Glaciology, 41, 430‐432.
   Google Scholar
• Galibert, G., 1960. Les processus actuels d'évolution du relief de Haute Montagne dans le massif de Zermatt (Alpes Valaisannes). Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français, 290–291, 70–86.
   Google Scholar
• Galibert, G., 1965. La haute montagne alpine. L'évolution actuale des formes dans les hautes massifs des Alpes et dans certains reliefs des comparation. CNRS, Toulouse.
   Google Scholar
• Gellatly, G.F., Smiraglia, C., Grove, J.M. and Latham, R., 1994. Recent variations of ghiacciao del Calderone, Abrizzi, Italy. Journal of Glaciology, 40, 486–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrard, A.J., 1990. Mountain Environments. Belhaven, London.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez‐ortiz, A., García, A., Ortega, F., Salvador, F., Sánchez, S., Sanz, C., Schulte, L. and Simón, M., 2002. Geomorphological Map of Sierra Nevada. Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez‐ortiz, A., Schulte, L. and Salvador, F., 1996. Contribución al conocimiento de la deglaciación reciente y morfología asociada del Corral del Veleta (Sierra Nevada). [Contribution to the knowledge on recent deglaciation and morphology of the Corral del Veleta]. Cadernos do laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, 21, 543–558.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez‐ortiz, A., Schulte, L., Salvador, F., Palacios, D., San josé, J.J. and Atkinson, A., 2004. Deglaciación reciente de Sierra Nevada. Repercusiones morfogénicas, nuevos datos y perspectivas de estudio futuro. [Recent deglaciation of Sierra Nevada. Morphogenetic results, new data and future perspectives]. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica, 30, 147–168.
   Google Scholar
• González‐suárez, J.J. and Alonso, V., 1994. Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, northwest Spain. Journal of Glaciology, 40, 198–199.
   Google Scholar
• González‐suárez, J.J. and Alonso, V., 1996. Reply to the comments of Frochoso and Castañón on “Glaciers in Picos de Europa, Cordillera Cantábrica, NW Spain” by González‐Suárez and Alonso. Journal of Glaciology, 42, 386–389.
   Google Scholar
• González‐trueba, J.J., 2006. Topoclimatical factors and very small glaciers in Atlantic Mountain of SW Europe: The Little Ice Age glacier advance in Picos de Europa (NW Spain). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 39, 115–125.
   Google Scholar
• González‐trueba, J.J., 2007a. La Pequeña Edad del Hielo en los Picos de Europa. [Little Ice Age in the Picos de Europa], Universidad de Cantabria‐Fundación Marcelino Botín, Santander.
   Google Scholar
• González‐trueba, J.J., 2007b. El paisaje natural de los Picos de Europa: Geomorfología y sus implicaciones geoecológicas en la alta montaña cantábrica. [Natural Landscape of the Picos de Europa. Geomorphology and geoecological results in the Cantabrian high Mountain], Centro de Investigación del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander.
   Google Scholar
• González‐trueba, J.J., 2007c. Geomorfología del Macizo Central de los Picos de Europa, con Mapa Geomorfológico a escala 1/25.000. [Geomorphology of the Central Massif of Picos de Europa, with a geomorphological map to 1/25,000 scale], OAPN, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• González‐trueba, J.J., Martin moreno, R., Martínez de pisón, E. and Serrano, E., 2008. Little Ice Age glacier advance and current glaciers in the Iberian Peninsula. The Holocene, 18, 551–568.
   Google Scholar
• Grudd, H., 1989. Small glaciers as sensitive indicators of climatic fluctuations. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 72, 119–123.
   Google Scholar
• Grunewald, K. and Scheithauer, J., 2010. Europe's southermost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change. Journal of Glaciology, 56, 129–142.
   Google Scholar
• Guyton, B., 2001. Glaciers of California. Modern Glaciers, Ice Age Glaciers, the Origin of Yosemite Valley and a Glacier Tour in the Sierra Nevada. University of California Press, Berkeley.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, C. and Murton, J.B., (eds), 2005. Cryospheric Systems: Glaciers and Permafrost. The Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 242, London.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman, J., Matthew J., Fountain, A.G. and Achuff, J.M., 2007. 20th‐century variations in area of cirque glaciers and glacierets, Rocky Mountain National Park, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Annals of Glaciology, 46, 349–354.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, P.D., 2007. Recent behaviour of the Debeli Namet glacier, Durmitor, Montenegro. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 32, 1593–1602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, P.D., 2008. Response of a Montenegro glacier to extreme summer heat waves in 2003 and 2007. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 192, 259–267.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, P.D., 2009. Twenty‐first century glaciers in the Prokletije Mountains, Albania. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 4, 455–459.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, P.D., 2010. Little Ice Age glaciers in Balkans: low altitude glaciation enabled by cooler temperatures and local topoclimatic controls. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35, 229–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, P.D. and Woodward, J.C., 2009. Glacial and periglacial environments. In: Woodward, J.C. (ed.), The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 353–383.
   Google Scholar
• IPA (International Permafrost Association), 2005. Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground Ice Terms. IPA. The Arctic Institute of North America. The University of Calgary. Calgary.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobsen R. and Overgaard, T., 2002. Georadar facies and glaciotectonic structures in ice marginal deposits, northwest Zealand, Denmark. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 917–927.
   Google Scholar
• Kaser, G., 2001. Glacier–climate interaction at low latitudes. Journal of Glaciology, 47, 195–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotlyakov, V.M. and Smolyarova, N.A., 1990. Dictionary of Glaciology. Elsevier, Rotterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, M., 1995. The mass balance of very small glaciers. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 31, 171–179.
   Google Scholar
• Lliboutry, L., 1965. Traité de Glaciologie. Masson, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Luterbacher, J., Dietrich, D., Xoplaki, E., Grosjean, M. and Wanner, H., 2004. European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Science, 303, 1499–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez de pisón, E. and Arenillas, M., 1988. Los glaciares actuales del Pirineo español. [Present day glaciaers in the Spanish Pyrenees] In: La nieve en el Pirineo Español [The Snow in the Spanish Pyrenees]. MOPU, Madrid. 29–98.
   Google Scholar
• Martínez de pisón, E., Navarro, P., Martínez, I., Cantarino, I., Pedrero, A. and Arenillas, M., 1995. Observaciones morfológicas sobre la evolución de los glaciares del Pirineo español entre 1982 y 1993. [Morphological observations on the evolution of glaciers in the Spanish Pyrenees between 1982 and 1993], In: La nieve en las Cordilleras españolas 1993/94 [The snow in the Spanish Mountains 1993/1994]. Programa ERHIN, MOPTMA, Madrid. 253–281.
   Google Scholar
• Martínez de pisón, E., Navarro, J., Martínez, R., Pedrero, A., Arenillas, M. and Bisbal, L., 1997. Observaciones sobre el estado de los glaciares del Pirineo español. Campaña 1994. [Observations on the state of glaciers in the Spanish Pyrenees. Fieldwork 1994], In: La nieve en las Cordilleras españolas. [The snow in the Spanish Mountains] Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid. 253–265.
   Google Scholar
• NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center), 2009. NSIDC snow glossary. http://nsidc.org/cgi‐bin/words/glossary.pl. (12 June 2010).
   Google Scholar
• Obermaier, H., 1914. Estudio de los glaciares de los Picos de Europa. [Study on the Glaciers of Picos de Europa], Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Serie Geología 9, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Ohmura, A., Kasser, P. and Funk, M., 1992. Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 38, 397–411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orefice, M., Pecci, M., Smiragglia, C. and Ventura, R., 2000. Retreat of Mediterranean glaciers since the LIA: Case of study of Ghiacciaio del Calderone, Central Apenninos, Irali. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 32, 197–201.
   Google Scholar
• Penck, A., 1897. Die Picos de Europa und das kantabrische Gebirge. Geographische Zeitschrift, 278–281.
   Google Scholar
• Prado, C. de, 1860. Valdeón, Caín, La Canal de Trea. Ascensión a los Picos de Europa en la Cordillera Cantábrica [Valdeón, Caín, La Canal de Trea. Climbing to the Picos de Europa in the Cantabrian Mountains]. Revista Minera, 62, 92–101.
   Google Scholar
• Rau, F., Mauz, F., Vogt, S., Singh, S.J. and Raup, B., 2005. Illustrated GLIMS glacier classification guidance for the GLIMS glacier inventory. GLIMS Guides and Tutorials, 2005. Versión 1.0. http://www.glims.org (7 Feb. 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Saint‐saud, A.A., 1893. Les Picos de Europa (Monts Cantabriques). Etude Orographique. Annales Club Alpine Français, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Serrano, E., 1998. Geomorfología del Alto Gállego (Pirineo aragonés) [Geomorphology of the High Gállego (Aragonese Pyrenees)]. Fundación Fernando El Católico. Zaragoza.
   Google Scholar
• Serrano E. and González‐trueba, J.J., 2002. Morfología y evolución glaciar en los Picos de Europa [Geomorphology and glacial evolution in the Picos de Europa]. In: Redondo, J.M., Gómez, A., González, R.B., Carrera, P. (eds), El modelado de origen glaciar en las Montañas Leonesas. Universidad de Leon, León. 249–267.
   Google Scholar
• Steiner, D., Pauling, A., Nussbaumer, S.U., Nesje, A., Luterbacher, J., Wanner, H. and Zumbühl, H.J., 2008. Sensitivity of European glaciers to precipitation and temperature – two case studies. Climatic Change, 90, 413–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorn, C., 1988. Nivation: a geomporphic chimera. In: Clarck, M.J. (ed.), Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology. Wiley and Sons, Chichester. 3–32.
   Google Scholar
• WGMS (World Glacier Monitoring Survey), (2005). Fluctuations of Glaciers 1995–2000. IUGG‐UNEP‐UNESCO, Paris.
   Google Scholar