78
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Mega‐irrigation and neoliberalism in postcolonial states: evolution and crisis in the gharb plain, morocco

Pages 269-286 | Published online: 10 Nov 2016

References

  • ABH SEBOU (2006): Débat national sur l'eau. Le bassin hydraulique du Sebou. Agence du Bassin Hydralique du Sebou, Rabat .
  • Aderghal, M. and Agoumi, M. (2000): ‘Le Barrage Al Wahda: l'aboutissement d'un vieux projet’, Revue de Géographie du Maroc18 (1–2): 71–74.
  • Ahmad, M. (2000): ‘Water pricing and markets in the Near East: policy issues and options’, Water Policy2 (3): 229–242.
  • Ait kadi, M. (2002): ‘Irrigation water pricing policy in Morocco's large scale irrigation projects’, In Hamdy, A.,Lacirignola, C. and Lamaddalena, N. (eds): Water Valuation and Cost Recovery Mechanisms in the Developing Countries of the Mediterranean Region. Options Méditerranéennes, Série A: Séminaires Méditerranéens 49, CIHEAM‐IAMB, Bari , pp.51–71.
  • Akesbi, N. (2006): ‘Évolution et perspectives de l'agriculture marocaine’, in50 ans de développement humain au Maroc, perspectives 2025: rapports thématiques. Gouvernement du Maroc, Rabat , pp.85–198.
  • Alami, A. (2004): Le tourisme marocain: l'eternel espoir. Media Ten, Casablanca .
  • Belghiti, M. (2005): ‘Gestion de l'eau en agriculture au Maroc’, paper presented at the Seminaire de promotion du SEMIDE et sur l'utilisation des systèmes d'information géographique pour la gestion et la protection des ressources en eau, Rabat, 27–28 April.
  • Bensouda korachi, T. (1998): ‘Vers la privatisation des terres: rôle de l'Etat dans la modernisation des régimes fonciers au Maroc’, Réforme agraire1998/1: 55–68.
  • Berriane, M. and Aderghal, M. (2008): ‘Etat de la recherche sur les migrations internationales à partir, vers et à travers le Maroc’. Country Paper: Morocco. Perspectives Africaines sur la Mobilité Humaine. Fondation MacArthur, Rabat .
  • Bertoncin, M.,Bicciato, F.,Bonollo, L.,Croce, D.,Faggi, P.,Mariani, L.,Minoia, P. and Pase, A. (1995): ‘Irrigazione, stato e territorio in Sudan: il gioco della posta in gioco’, Terra d'Africa4: 15–58.
  • Bicchi, F.,Guazzone, L. and Pioppi, D. (eds) (2004): La questione della democrazia nel Mondo Arabo. Stati, società e conflitti. Polimetrica, Monza .
  • Bicciato, F. and Faggi, P. (1995): ‘Gezira Scheme between state and market: some remarks on the privatization of irrigation in Sudan’, GeoJournal37 (1): 101–104.
  • BO (1969): ‘Décret n° 2–69–317 du 10 joumada I 1389 (25 juillet 1969) portant création de commissions préfectorales ou provinciales des investissements agricoles et fixant la procédure d'instruction des demandes de subventions prévues par la réglementation sur les encouragements à la production agricole’, Bulletin officiel [Rabat] 2960 bis (29 July), pp.811–813.
  • BO (1995a): ‘Décret n° 2–94–589 du 2 joumada II 1416 (27 octobre 1995) pris pour l'application de la loi n° 33–94 relative aux périmètres de mise en valeur en bour’, Bulletin officiel [Rabat]4333 (15 November), pp.728–729.
  • BO (1995b): ‘Dahrir n° 1–95–154 du 18 rabii I 1416 (16 août 1995) portant promulgation de la loi n° 10–95 sur l'eau’, Bulletin officiel [Rabat]4325 (20 September), pp.626–663.
  • Boulassel, A.,Coulibaly, I.,El hasnaoui, A.,Mimouni, A. and Motchemien, R. (2001): Périmètre irrigué du Gharb au Maroc: quelles actions de recherche et de développement pour l'amélioration raisonnée du niveau d'intensification?Documents de travail 99, Centre International pour la Recherche Agricole orientée vers le développement/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier/Rabat.
  • Cammack, D. (2007): ‘The logic of African neopatrimonialism: what role for donors?’, Development Policy Review25 (5): 599–614.
  • Castro, J. E. (2007): ‘Poverty and citizenship: sociological perspectives on water services and public–private participation’, Geoforum38 (5): 756–771.
  • Chiche, J. (2007): ‘Etude de Diagnostic de la nappe de Mnasra, Wilaya de Kenitra. Diagnostic de la situation des usages et des usagers des eaux’. Coopération Allemande InWEnt et MedWet pour les Zones Humides Méditerranéennes/Agence du Bassin Hydralique du Sebout, Royaume du Maroc, Rabat , February.
  • Davis, D. K. (2006): ‘Neoliberalism, environmentalism, and agricultural restructuring in Morocco’, Geographical Journal172 (2): 88–105.
  • Debbarh, A. and Badraoui, M. (2002): ‘Irrigation et environnement au Maroc: situation actuelle et perspectives’, In Marlet, S. and Ruelle, P. (eds): Vers une maîtrise des impacts environnementaux de l'irrigation. Actes d l'atelier du PCSI, 28–29 mai 2002, Montpellier, France. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier .
  • Delaney, D. (2005): Territory: A short Introduction. Blackwell, Malden , MA .
  • Duan, Y. and Steil, S. (2003): ‘China Three Gorges Project resettlement: policy, planning and implementation’, Journal of Refugee Studies16 (4): 422–443.
  • El farah, T. A. (2007): ‘SODEA‐SOGETA: la phase II a commencé’, Aujourd'hui Le Maroc17 April.
  • El gueddari, Z. (1998): L'impact de l'industrie agricole sur l'eau et l'environnement de la région du Gharb. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB.
  • El hasnaoui, A.,Hilali, A. and Raki, M. (2005): ‘Gestion de la pauvreté hydrique au Maroc, l'irrigation localisée au Maroc: cas du Gharb’, paper presented at the International Workshop on Water Poverty and Social Crisis: Perspectives for Research and Action, 12–15 December, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir.
  • El mahjoub, R. (2005): ‘SODEA‐SOGETA: Les terres agricoles ouvertes aux étrangers’, Le Matin9 August.
  • Escobar, A. (1995): Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton University Press, Princeton , NJ .
  • FAO (2002): Eau et agriculture. Produire plus avec moins d'eau. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome .
  • Flyvbjerg, B.,Bruzelius, N. and Rothengatter, W. (2003): Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .
  • Frenken, K. (ed.) (2005): L'irrigation en Afrique en chiffres. Enquête AQUASTAT – 2005. FAO Water Report 29, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome .
  • Ghannam, F. (2005): ‘SODEA‐SOGETA: des partages fermes’, Aujourd'hui Le Maroc9 September.
  • Goldman, M. (2007): ‘How “Water for all!” policy became hegemonic: the power of the World Bank and its transnational policy networks’, Geoforum38 (5): 786–800.
  • Green, A. J.,El hamzaoui, M.,El agbani, M. A. and Franchimont, J. (2002): ‘The conservation status of Moroccan wetlands with particular reference to waterbirds and to changes since 1978’, Biological Conservation104 (1): 71–82.
  • Harvey, D. (2003): The New Imperialism. Oxford University Press, New York .
  • Harvey, D. (2005): A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford .
  • Hashim, M. J. (2010): ‘The dams of Northern Sudan and the policy of demographic engineering’, International Journal of African Renaissance Studies – Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity5 (1): 148–160.
  • HAUT COMMISSARIAT au PLAN (2008): Annuaire statistique du Maroc. Direction de Statistique, Ministère de la Prévision Economique et du Plan, Rabat .
  • Heynen, N.,Mccarthy, J.,Prudham, S. and Robbins P. (eds) (2007): Neoliberal Environments: False Promises and Unnatural Consequences. Routledge, New York .
  • Hilali, A. (2004): Diagnostic du développement de l'irrigation dans le Périmètre du Gharb (cas de Bhara‐S. Med. Lahmer et Beht). Unpublished Master's thesis, Université Hassan II, Rabat.
  • Hunt, E. and Hunt, R. C. (1978): ‘Irrigation, conflict and politics: a Mexican case’, In Cohen, R. and Service, E. R. (eds): Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution. Institute for the Study of Human Issues, Philadelphia , PA , pp.69–124.
  • Jessop, B. (2002): The Future of the Capitalist State. Polity, Cambridge .
  • Kharbouchi, A. (2005): ‘Problématique territoriale de la sous valorisation des ressources en eau dans la Région Gharb‐Chrarda‐Bni Hssen, Maroc’, Tamina 15 June [online]. URLhttp://www.tanmia.ma/article.php3?id_article=2112 [accessed 22 January 2007].
  • Laalou, A. (1985): Impact des barrages sur l'environnement au Maroc. Unpublished PhD thesis, Institut National d'Amenagement et d'Urbanisme, Rabat.
  • Laureano, P. (2001): The Water Atlas. Traditional Knowledge to Combat Desertification. Bollati Boringhieri, Torino .
  • Laurie, N. (ed.) (2007): ‘Themed issue: Pro‐poor water? The privatisation and global poverty debate’, Geoforum38 (5): 753–907.
  • Le coz, J. (1964): Le Rharb, fellahs et colons. Étude de Géographie régionale. Thèse d'Etat, 2 vols.IMFRAMARCURS, Rabat .
  • Levau, R. (1976): Le fellah marocain, défenseur du trône. Éditions de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences politiques, Paris .
  • MADRPM (2006): ‘Rapport National du Royaume du Maroc’, report by Ministère de l'Agriculture, du Développement Rural et des Pêches Maritimes to the Conférence internationale sur la Réforme Agraire et le Développement Rural, Porto Alegre, 7–10 March.
  • Mccarthy, J. (2007): ‘Privatizing conditions of production’, In Heynen, N.,Mccarthy, J.,Prudham, S. and Robbins P. (eds) (2007): Neoliberal Environments: False Promises and Unnatural Consequences. Routledge, New York , pp.38–50.
  • Mcneill, J. R. (2000): Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth‐Century World. Norton, New York .
  • Minoia, P. (2006): ‘La natura politica e geografica dell'acqua: analisi territoriale e gestione delle risorse idriche’, Rivista Geografica Italiana113 (3): 465–497.
  • Minoia, P. and Guglielmi, F. (2008): ‘Social conflict in water resource management and its environmental impacts in SouthEastern Tunisia’, In Efe, R.,Cravins, G.,Öztürk, M. and Atalay, I. (eds): Natural Environment and Culture in the Mediterranean Region. Cambridge Scholars Press, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp.257–270.
  • Morgan, N. C. (1982): ‘An ecological survey of standing waters in north west Africa: III. Site descriptions for Morocco’, Biological Conservation24 (3): 161–182.
  • Mosse, D. (2001): ‘“People's knowledge”, participation and patronage: operations and representations in rural development’, In Cooke, B. and Kothari, U. (eds): Participation: The New Tyranny?Zed, London , pp.16–35.
  • Moussaoui, M.,Abalghiti, A.,Bendaoud, M. and Doukkali, R. (2003): ‘Contribution de l'agriculture á la sécurité alimentaire au Maroc’, report to Roles of Agriculture Project International Conference, 20–22 October, Rome.
  • Najjar, K.. (2006): Libéralisation des terres agricoles publiques au Maroc – SOGETA et SOGEA. Unpublished dossier, Gouvernement du Maroc, Rabat .
  • Nassali, H.,Ben bouih, H.,Srhiri, A. and Dhahbi M. (2005): ‘Influence des rejets des eaux usées sur la composition des eaux de surface et des sédiments superficiels du lac Merja Fouarate au Maroc’, Afrique science1 (1): 145–165.
  • OBG (2008): Annual Business Economic and Political Review: Morocco. Oxford Business Group, London .
  • Omer, A. M. (2008): ‘Water resources and freshwater ecosystems in Sudan’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews12 (8): 2066–2091.
  • Oubalkace M. (2007): ‘National report on Monitoring progress and promotion of water demand management policies. Morocco’, paper for the conference Water demand management in the Mediterranean, progress and policies, Zaragoza, 19–21 March. Plan Bleu, Regional Activity Centre, Sophia Antipolis.
  • Petrella, R. (2001): The Water Manifesto: Arguments for a World Water Contract. Zed, London .
  • Poncet, J.,Kuper, M. and Chiche, J. (2008): ‘La transformation des territoires en grande hydraulique: les impacts du Projet Sebou’, In Kuper, M. and Zaïri, A. (eds): Economies d'eau en systèmes irrigués au Maghreb. Actes du troisième atelier régional du projet Sirma, Nabeul, Tunisie, 4–7 juin 2007. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier .
  • Ranvoisy, M. (2001): Rôle des associations d'irrigants au Maghreb (Maroc et Tunisie) dans le context de désengagement de l'Etat. EN–01–4, École nationale du génie rural, des eaux et des forêts/Office International de l'Eau, Montpellier/Limoges.
  • Robbins, P. (2004): Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction. Blackwell, Oxford .
  • ROYAUME du MAROC (1970): Atlas du Bassin du Sebou, 2 vols.Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Réforme Agraire, Rabat .
  • ROYAUME du MAROC (2006): Débat National sur l'Eau. Plate Forme. Gouvernement du Maroc, Rabat .
  • ROYAUME du MAROC (2008): Inspection régionale de la Région Gharb‐Chrarda‐Bni Hssen. Ministère de l'Habitat, de l'Urbanisme et de l'Aménagement de l'Espace, Rabat .
  • Secor, A. J. (2010): ‘Social surveys, interviews, and focus groups’, In Gomez, B. and Jones, J. P., III (eds): Research Methods in Geography. Wiley‐Blackwell, Oxford , pp.194–205.
  • Shiva, V. (2002): Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution and Profit. South End Press, Cambridge , MA .
  • Showers, K. B. (2011): ‘Electrifying Africa: an environmental history with policy implications’, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography93 (3): 193–221.
  • Sidaway, J. D. (2007): ‘Spaces of postdevelopment’, Progress in Human Geography31 (3): 345–361.
  • Smart, M. (2003): ‘River flow regulation and wetland conservation in a dry country: Ichkeul, Tunisia’. Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Malaga .
  • Swearingen, W. D. (1988): Moroccan Mirages: Agrarian Dreams and Deceptions, 1912–1986. Princeton University Press, Princeton , NJ .
  • Swyngedouw, E. (1999): ‘Modernity and hybridity: nature, regeneracionismo, and the production of the Spanish waterscape, 1890–1930’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers89 (3): 443–465.
  • Swyngedouw, E. (2005): ‘Dispossessing H2O: the contested terrain of water privatization’, Capitalism Nature Socialism16 (1): 81–98.
  • Swyngedouw, E. (2007): ‘Technonatural revolutions: the scalar politics of Franco's hydro‐social dream for Spain, 1939–1975’, Transactions of the Institute of British GeographersNS 32 (1): 9–28.
  • Tenneson, M. and Rojat, D. (2003): ‘La tarification de l'eau au Maroc: comment server différentes causes?’, Afrique contemporaine205: 151–169.
  • TRANSFORMATION RESOURCE CENTRE (2000): ‘Too many dams, too little water – Lesotho's rivers could become “waste water drains”’, International Rivers: People, Water, Life 31 October [online]. URLhttp://www.internationalrivers.org/en/too‐many‐dams‐too‐little‐water‐lesotho‐s‐rivers‐could‐become‐waste‐water‐drains [accessed 9 July 2011].
  • Turco, A. (1988): Verso una teoria geografica della complessità. Unicopli, Milano .
  • UNDP (2006): Human Development Report 2006. Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, New York .
  • Varela‐ortega, C. and Sagardoy, J. A. (2003): ‘Irrigation water policies in Syria: current developments and future options’, In Fiorillo, C. and Vercueil, J. (eds): Syrian Agriculture at the Crossroads. Agricultural Policy and Economic Development Series 8, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome , pp.335–359.
  • Ward, C. (1997): Reflected in Water: A Crisis in Social Responsibility. Cassel, London .
  • Waterbury, J. (1979): Hydropolitics of the Nile Valley. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse , NY .
  • Wittfogel, K. A. (1957): Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. Yale University Press, New Haven , CT .
  • WORLD COMMISSION on DAMS (2000): Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision‐making. Earthscan, London .

Interviews

  • Chiche, J., consultant involved in the National Water Dialogue, Rabat, 20 and 22 November 2007 and 12 December 2008.
  • El hammouni, M., chief of the exploitation service of the irrigation network (ORMVAG), Kénitra, 20 November 2007.
  • ORMVAG officer, chief of the irrigation network, Souk el Arbaa, 21 November 2007.
  • ORMVAG officer, responsible for the agricultural extension, Souk el Arbaa, 21 November 2007.
  • Womens group, four members, Souk el Arbaa, 21 November 2007.
  • Other interviews with local residents were conducted by the students of the Master's course ADEGEST (Aménagement, développement local et gestion des territoires) in November 2007.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.