1,216
Views
100
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Stigmatized Individuals and the Process of Identity

&
Pages 807-833 | Published online: 12 Dec 2016

  • Ablon, Joan. 1981. “Dwarfism and Social Identity: Self-Help Group Participation.” Social Science and Medicine 15B:25–30.
  • Anderson, Leon, David A. Snow, and Daniel Cress. 1994. “Negotiating the Public Realm: Stigma Management and Collective Action among the Homeless.” Research in Community Sociology. 4 Suppl. no. 1:121–143.
  • Anspach, Renee R. 1979. “From Stigma to Identity Politics: Political Activism among the Physically Disabled and Former Mental Patients.” Social Science and Medicine 13A:765–773.
  • Appleby, George Alan. 2001. “Ethnographic Study of Gay and Bisexual Working-class Men in the United States.” Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services 12:(3–4):51–62.
  • Becker, Gaylene. 1981. “Coping with Stigma: Lifelong Adaptation of Deaf People.” Social Science and Medicine 15B:21–24.
  • Bell, Alan P, and Martin S. Weinberg. 1978. Homosexualities: A Study of Diversity among Men and Women. New York Simon and Schuster.
  • Brady, Stephen, and Wilma J. Busse. 1994. “The Gay Identity Questionnaire: A Brief Measure of Homosexual Identity Formation.” Journal of Homosexuality 26:(4):1–22.
  • Burke, Peter J. 1991. “Identity Processes and Social Stress.” American Sociological Review 56:836–849.
  • Burke, Peter J., and Donald C. Reitzes. 1981. “The Link Between Identity and Role Performance.” Social Psychology Quarterly 44:(2):83–92.
  • Burke, Peter J., and Clovis L. White. 1987. “Ethnic Role Identity among Black and White College Students: An Interactionist Approach.” Sociological Perspectives 30:(3):310–331.
  • Cahill, Spencer E, and Robin Eggleston. 1995. “Reconsidering the Stigma of Physical Disability: Wheelchair Use and Public Kindness.” The Sociological Quarterly 36:(4):681–698.
  • Cain, Roy. 1991. “Relational Contexts and Information Management among Gay Men.” Families in Society 72:(6):344–352.
  • Callero, Peter L. 1985. “Role-Identity Salience.” Social Psychology Quarterly 48:(3):203–215.
  • Callero, Peter L. 1992. “The Meaning of Self-in-Role: A Modified Measure of Role-Identity.” Social Forces 71:(2):485–501.
  • Cass, Vivienne C. 1979. “Homosexual Identity Formation: A Theoretical Model.” Journal of Homosexuality 4:(3):219–235.
  • Cohen, Anthony P. 1975. “The Definition of Public Identity: Managing Marginality in Outport Newfoundland Following Confederation.” Sociological Review 23:(1):93–119.
  • Coleman, Eli. 1981 1982. “Developmental Stages of the Coming Out Process.” Journal of Homosexuality 7:(2/3):31–43.
  • Cooley, Charles H. 1902. Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Schocken Books.
  • Cox, Stephen, and Cynthia Gallois. 1996. “Gay and Lesbian Identity Development: A Social Identity Perspective.” Journal of Homosexuality 30:(4):1–30.
  • Dank, Barry M. 1971. “Coming Out in the Gay World.” Psychiatry 34:180–197.
  • Davies, Peter. 1992. “The Role of Disclosure in Coming Out among Gay Men.” Pp. 75–83 in Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experience, edited by K. Plummer. New York: Routledge.
  • De Monteflores, Carmen, and Stephen J. Schultz. 1978. “Coming Out: Similarities and Differences for Lesbians and Gay Men.” Journal of Social Issues 34:(3):59–72.
  • Denzin, Norman K. 1987. The Alcoholic. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Denzin, Norman K. 1995. The Alcoholic Society: Addiction and Recovery of the Self 2nd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  • Eliason, Michele J. 1996. “Identity Formation for Lesbian, Bisexual, and Gay Persons: Beyond a ‘Minoritizing’ View.” Journal of Homosexuality 30:(3):31–58.
  • Fassinger, Ruth E, and Brett A. Miller. 1996. “Validation of an Inclusive Model of Sexual Minority Identity Formation on a Sample of Gay Men.” Journal of Homosexuality 32:(2):53–78.
  • Fein, Sara Beck, and Elane M. Nuehring. 19811982. “Intrapsychic Effects of Stigma: A Process of Breakdown and Reconstruction of Social Reality.” Journal of Homosexuality 7:(1):3–13.
  • Felson, Richard B. 1985. “Reflected Appraisal and the Development of the Self.” Social Psychology Quarterly 48:(1):71–78.
  • Felson, Richard B. 1989. “Parents and the Reflected Appraisal Process: A Longitudinal Analysis.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:(6):965–971.
  • Franks, David D, and Viktor Gecas. 1992. “Autonomy and Conformity in Cooley's Self-Theory: The Looking-Glass Self and Beyond.” Symbolic Interaction 15:(1):49–68.
  • Gamson, William A. 1992. “The Social Psychology of Collective Action.” Pp. 53–76 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by A. D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Gecas, Viktor, and Peter J. Burke. 1995. “Self and Identity.” Pp. 41–67 in Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology, edited by K. Cook, G. A. Fine, and J. House Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Gecas, Viktor, and Michael L. Schwalbe. 1983. “Beyond the Looking-Glass Self Social Structure and Efficacy-Based Self-Esteem.” Social Psychology Quarterly 46:(2):77–88.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Harry, Joseph. 1986. “Sampling Gay Men.” The Journal of Sex Research 22:(1):21–34.
  • Herdt, Gilbert. 1989. “Introduction: Gay and Lesbian Youth, Emergent Identities, and Cultural Scenes at Home and Abroad.” Journal of Homosexuality 17:(1–2):1–42.
  • Herman, Nancy J. 1993. “Return to Sender: Reintegrative Stigma-Management Strategies of Ex-Psychiatric Patients.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22:(3):295–330.
  • Hoelter, Jon W. 1983. “The Effects of Role Evaluation and Commitment on Identity Salience.” Social Psychology Quarterly 46:(2):140–147.
  • Horowitz, Janna L, and Michael D. Newcomb. 2001. “A Multidimensional Approach to Homosexual Identity.” Journal of Homosexuality 42:(2):1–19.
  • Ichiyama, Michael A. 1993. “The Reflected Appraisal Process in Small-Group Interaction.” Social Psychology Quarterly 56:(2):87–99.
  • Jenness, Valerie. 1992. “Coming Out: Lesbian Identities and the Categorization Problem.” Pp. 65–74 in Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experience, edited by K. Plummer. New York: Routledge.
  • Kaminski, Elizabeth. 2000. “Lesbian Health: Social Context, Sexual Identity, and Well-Being.” Journal of Lesbian Studies 4:(3):87–101.
  • Klandermans, Bert. 1992. “The Social Construction of Protest and Multiorganizational Fields.” Pp. 77–103 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by A. D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Levine, Martin P. 1998. Gay Macho: The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone. edited by M. Kimmel. New York: New York University Press.
  • May, Hazel. 2000. “‘Murderers' Relatives’: Managing Stigma, Negotiating Identity.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 29:(2):198–221.
  • McDonald, Gary J. 1982. “Individual Differences in the Coming Out Process for Gay Men: Implications for Theoretical Models.” Journal of Homosexuality 81:(1):47–60.
  • Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Melucci, Alberto. 1989. Nomads of the Present. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Melucci, Alberto. 1995. “The Process of Collective Identity.” Pp. 41–63 in Social Movements and Culture, edited by H. Johnston and B. Klandermans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Milkie, Melissa A. 1999. “Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass Media: The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and Whites Girls' Self-Concepts.” Social Psychology Quarterly 62:(2):190–210.
  • Montini, Theresa. 2000. “Compulsory Closets and the Social Context of Disclosure.” Sociological Perspectives 43:(4):5121–5132.
  • Parks, Cheryl A. 1999. “Lesbian Identity Development: An Examination of Differences across Generations.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 69:(3):347–361.
  • Plummer, Kenneth. 1975. Sexual Stigma: An Interactionist Account. Boston: Routledge and Began Paul.
  • Plummer, Kenneth. 1995. Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change and Social Worlds. New York: Routledge.
  • Ponse, Barbara. 1976. “Secrecy in the Lesbian World.” Urban Life 5:(3):313–338.
  • Ponticelli, Christy M. 1999. “Crafting Stories of Sexual Identity Reconstruction.” Social Psychology Quarterly 62:(2):157–172.
  • Riley, Anna, and Peter J. Burke. 1995. “Identities and Self-verification in the Small Group.” Social Psychology Quarterly 58:(2):61–73.
  • Rosenberg, Morris. 1979. Conceiving the Self New York: Basic Books.
  • Rust, Paula C. 1993. “‘Coming Out’ in the Age of Social Constructionism: Sexual Identity Formation among Lesbian and Bisexual Women.” Gender & Society 7:(1):50–77.
  • Rust, Paula C. 2003. “Finding a Sexual Identity and Community: Therapeutic Implications and Cultural Assumptions in Scientific Models of Coming Out.” Pp. 227–269 in Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences, 2nd ed., edited by L. D. Garnets and D. C. Kimmel. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Schneider, Joseph, and Peter Conrad. 1980. “In the Closet with Illness: Epilepsy, Stigma Potential and Information Control.” Social Problems 28:(1):32–44.
  • Seidman, Steven. 2002. Beyond the Closet, The Transformation of Gay and Lesbian Life. New York: Routledge.
  • Seidman, Steven, Chet Meeks, and Francie Traschen. 1999. “Beyond the Closet? The Changing Social Meaning of Homosexuality in the United States.” Sexualities 2:(1):9–34.
  • Serpe, Richard T. 1987. “Stability and Change in Self A Structural Symbolic Interactionist Explanation.” Social Psychology Quarterly 51:(1):44–55.
  • Snow, David A, and Leon Anderson. 1987. “Identity Work among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities.” American Journal of Sociology 92:(6): 1336–1371.
  • Snow, David A, and Leon Anderson. 1993. Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Stets, Jan E, and Peter J. Burke. 1994. “Inconsistent Self-views in the Control Identity Model.” Social Science Research 23:236–262.
  • Stets, Jan E, and Peter J. Burke. 1996. “Gender, Control, and Interaction.” Social Psychology Quarterly 59:(3):193–220.
  • Stryker, Sheldon, and Richard T. Serpe. 1982. “Commitment, Identity Salience, and Role Behavior.” Pp. 199–218 in Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior, edited by W. Ices and E. Kneels. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Swann, William B, Brett W. Pelham, and Douglas S. Krull. 1989. “Agreeable Fancy or Disagreeable Truth? Reconciling Self-Enhancement and Self-verification.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57:(5):782–791.
  • Taub, Diane E, Elaine M. Blinde, and Kimberly R. Green. 1999. “Stigma Management through Participation in Sport and Physical Activity: Experiences of Male College Students with Physical Disabilities.” Human Relations 52:(11):1469–1484.
  • Taylor, Verta. 1996. Rock-a-By Baby: Feminism, Self-Help, and Postpartum Depression. New York: Routledge.
  • Taylor, Verta, and Nicole C. Raeburn. 1995. “Identity Politics as High-Risk Activism: Career Consequences for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Sociologists.” Social Problems 42:(2):252–273.
  • Taylor, Verta, and Nancy Whittier. 1992. “Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization.” Pp. 104–129 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by A. D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Troiden, Richard R. 1979. “Becoming Homosexual: A Model of Gay Identity Acquisition.” Psychiatry 42:362–373.
  • Troiden, Richard R. 1988. Gay and Lesbian Identity: A Sociological Analysis. Dix Hills, NY General Hall.
  • Troiden, Richard R. 1993. “The Formation of Homosexual Identities.” Pp. 191–217 in Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Male Experiences, edited by L. Garnets and D. Kimmel. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Warren, Carol A. B. 1974. Identity and Community in the Gay World. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Weinberg, Martin S, and Colin J. Williams. 1974. Male Homosexuals: Their Problems and Adaptations. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Weitz, Rose. 1991. Life with Aids. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Whitman, Joy S, Sherry Cormier, and Cynthia J. Boyd. 2000. “Lesbian Identity Management at Various Stages of the Coming Out Process: A Qualitative Study.” International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies 5:(1):3–18.
  • Yip, Andrew K. T. 1997. “Attacking the Attacker: Gay Christians Talk Back.” The British Journal of Sociology 48:(1):113–127.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.