562
Views
147
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Saharan dust absorption and refractive index from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 118-130 | Received 19 Dec 2007, Accepted 29 Jul 2008, Published online: 18 Jan 2017

References

  • Ackerman, T. P. and Toon, O. B. 1981. Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles. Appl. Opt. 20, 3661–3668.
  • Alfaro, S. C., Lafon, S., Rajot, J. L., Formenti, P., Gaudichet, A. and co-authors. 2004. Iron oxides and light absorption by pure desert dust: an experimental study. J. Geophys. Res. 109, 1–9.
  • Angstrom, A. 1964. The parameters of atmospheric turbidity. Tellus 16, 64–75.
  • Arakawa, E. T., Tuminello, P. S., Khare, B. N., Millham, M. E., Authier, S. and co-authors. 1997. Measurement of optical properties of small particles, ORNL/CP-95872, Oak Ridge National Lab, United States.
  • Ballcanski, Y., Schulz, M., Claquin, T. and Guibert, S. 2007. Reevalu-ation of Mineral aerosol radiative forcings suggests a better agree-ment with satellite and AERONET data. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 81–95.
  • Bergstrom, R. W., Pilewskie, P., Pommier, J., Rabbette, M., Russell, P. B and co-authors. 2004. Spectral absorption of solar radiation by aerosols during ACE-Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 109, 1–13.
  • Bierwirth, E., Wendisch, M., Ehrlich, A., Heese, B., Otto, S. and co-authors. 2008. Spectral surface albedo over Morocco and its impact on the radiative forcing of saharan dust. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00395.x.
  • Bohren, C. F. and Huffman, D. R. 1983. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Bond, T. C., Anderson, T. L. and Campbell, D. 1999. Calibration and in-tercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30, 582–600.
  • Caquineau, S., Gaudichet, A., Gomes, L. and Legrand, M. 2002. Miner-alogy of Saharan dust transported over northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean in relation to source regions. J. Geophys. Res. 107, 4251, 10.1029/2000JDO00247.
  • Cattrall, C., Carder, K. L. and Gordon, H. R. 2003. Columnar aerosol single-scattering albedo and phase function retrieved from sky radi-ance over the ocean: measurements of Saharan dust. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4287, 10.1029/2002JD002497.
  • d'Almeida, G. A., Koepke, P. and Shettle, E. P. 1991. Atmospheric Aerosols: Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics. A. Deepalc Publishing, Hampton, VA.
  • Dubovilc, O., Holben, B., Eck, T. F., Smirnov, A., Kaufman, Y. J. and co-authors. 2002. Variability of Absorption and Optical Properties of Key Aerosol Types Observed in Worldwide Locations. J. Atmos. Sci. 59, 590–608.
  • Esselborn, M., Wirth, M., Fix, A., Tesche, M. and Ehret, G. 2007. Air-borne high spectral resolution lidar for measuring aerosol extinction and bacicscatter coefficients. AppL Opt. 47, 346–358.
  • Feldpausch, P., Fiebig, M., Fritzsche, L. and Petzold, A. 2006. Measure-ment of ultrafine aerosol size distributions by a combination of diffu-sion screen separators and condensation particle counters. J. Aerosol Sci. 37, 577–597.
  • Fiebig, M., Stein, C., Schröder, F., Feldpausch, P. and Petzold, A. 2005. Inversion of data containing information on the aerosol particle size distribution using multiple instruments. J. Aerosol Sci. 36, 1353–1372.
  • Haywood, J. M., Francis, P. N., Glew, M. D. and Taylor, J. P. 2001. Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: a case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 18417–18430.
  • Haywood, J., Francis, P., Osborne, S., Glew, M., Loeb, N. and co-authors. 2003. Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE, 1: solar spectrum. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8577, 10.1029/2002JDO02687.
  • Heintzenberg, J. 2008. The SAMUM-1 experiment over Southern Mo-rocco: Overview and introduction. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00403.x.
  • Kaaden, N., Massling, A., Schladitz, A., Muller, T., Kandler, K. and co-authors. 2008. State of Mixing, Shape Factor, Number Size Dis-tribution, and Hygroscopic Growth of the Saharan Anthropogenic and Mineral Dust Aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00388.x.
  • Kandler, K., Benker, N., Bundke, U., Cuevas, E., Ebert, M. and co-authors. 2007. Chemical composition and complex refractive index of Saharan Mineral Dust at Izaiia, Tenerife (Spain) derived by electron microscopy. Atmos. Environ. 41, 8056–8074.
  • Kandler, K., Schiitz, L., Deutscher, C., Hofmann, H., Jäckel, S. and co-authors. 2008. Size distributions, mass concentrations, chemical and mineral composition and optical parameters of the boundary layer aerosol at Tinfou, Morocco, during SAMUM 2006. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00385.x.
  • Knippertz, P., Deutscher, D., Kandler, K., Muller, T., Schulz, O. and co-authors. 2007. Dust mobilization due to density currents in the Atlas region: observations from the SAMUM 2006 field campaign. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D21109.
  • Knippertz, R, Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Muller, D., Tesche, M. and co-authors. 2008. Dust Mobilization and Transport in the Northern Sahara during SAMUM 2006 - A Meteorological Overview. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00380.x.
  • Lafon, S., Sokolilc, I. N., Rajot, J. L., Caquineau, S. and Gaudichet, A. 2006. Characterization of iron oxides in mineral dust aerosols: implications for light absorption. J. Geophys. Res. 111, 1–19.
  • Liao, H. and Seinfeld, J. H. 1998. Radiative forcing by mineral dust aerosols: sensitivity to key variables. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 31637–31646.
  • Linke, C., Möhler, O., Veres, A., Mohácsi, A., Bozóki, Z. and co-authors. 2006. Optical properties and mineralogical composition of different Saharan mineral dust samples: a laboratory study. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 3315–3323.
  • McFarquhar, G. M. and Heymsfield, A. J. 1998. The Definition and Significance of an Effective Radius for Ice Clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 55, 2039–2052.
  • Muller, T., Schladitz, A., Kaaden, N. and Wiedensohler, A. 2008. Spec-tral absorption coefficients and imaginary parts of refractive indices of Saharan dust during SAMUM-1. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00399.x.
  • Myhre, G. and Stordal, E 2001. Global sensitivity experiments of the ra-diative forcing due to mineral aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 18 193–18204.
  • Otto, S., Bierwirth, E., Weinzierl, B., Kandler, K., Esselborn, M. and co-authors. 2008. Solar radiative effects of a Saharan dust plume observed during SAMUM assuming non-spherical dust particle. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00389.x.
  • Ouimette, J. R. and Flagan, R. C. 1982. The extinction coefficient of multicomponent aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 16, 2405–2419.
  • Patterson, E. M., Gillette, D. A. and Stockton, B. H. 1977. Complex index of refraction between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 82, 3153–3160.
  • Petzold, A., Fiebig, M., Flentje, H., Keil, A., Leiterer, U. and co-authors. 2002. Vertical variability of aerosol properties observed at a continental site during the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE 98). J. Geophys. Res. 107, LAC10-11—LAC10-18.
  • Schladitz, A., Muller, T., Massling, A., Kaaden, N., Kandler, K. and co-authors. 2008. In situ measurements of Optical Properties at Tinfou (Morocco) during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment SAMUM 2006. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00397.x.
  • Schnaiter, M., Gimmler, M., Llamas, I., Linke, C., Artger, C. and co-authors. 2006. Strong spectral dependence of light absorption by or-ganic carbon particles formed by propane combustion. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 2981–2990.
  • Shettle, E. P. and Fenn, R. W. 1979. Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their op-tical properties, AFGL-TR-79-02I4, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory.
  • Sokolilc, I. N. and Toon, O.B. 1996. Direct radiative forcing by anthro-pogenic airborne mineral aerosols. Nature 381, 681–683.
  • Sokolilc, I. N. and Toon, O. B. 1999. Incorporation of mineralogi-cal composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 9423–9444.
  • Sokolilc, I. N., Toon, O. B. and Bergstrom, R. W. 1998. Modeling the rediative characteristics of airborne mineral aerosols at infrared wave-lengths. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 8813–8826.
  • Tanre, D., Haywood, J., Pelon, J Leon, J. F., Chatenet, B. and co-authors. 2003. Measurement and modeling of the Saharan dust radia-tive impact: overview of the Saharan dust experiment (SHADE). J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8574, 10.1029/2002JDO03273.
  • Tegen, I. and Lacis, A. A. 1996. Modeling of particle size distribution and its influence on the radiative properties of mineral dust aerosol. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 19237–19244.
  • Tegen, I., Lacis, A. A. and Fung, I. 1996. The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature 380, 419–422.
  • Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Muller, D., Althausen, D., Heese, B. and co-authors. 2008. Vertical profiling of Saharan dust with Raman lidars and airborne high-spectral-resolution lidar during SAMUM. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00390.x.
  • Todd, M. C., Washington, R., Martins, J. V, Dubovilc, O., Lizcano, G. and co-authors. 2007. Mineral dust emission from the Bodele Depres-sion, northern Chad, during BoDEx 2005. J. Geophys. Res. 112, 1–12.
  • Toon, O. B. and Ackerman, T. P. 1981. Algorithms for the calculation of scattering by stratified spheres. Appl. Opt. 20, 3657–3660.
  • Virkkula, A., Ahlquist, N. C., Covert, D. S., Arnott, W. P., Sheridan, P. J. and co-authors. 2005. Modification, calibration and a field test of an instrument for measuring light absorption by particles. Aerosol Sci. TechnoL 39, 68–83.
  • Virkkula, A., Koponen, I. K., Teinild, K., Hillamo, R., Kerminen, V. M. and co-authors. 2006. Effective real refractive index of dry aerosols in the Antarctic boundary layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, 1–4.
  • Weinzierl, B., Petzold, A., Esselborn, M., Wirth, M., Rasp, K. and co-authors. 2008. Airborne measurements of dust layer properties, parti-cle size distribution and mixing state of Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006. Tellus 61B, 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00392.x.
  • Wernli, H. and Davies, H. C. 1997. A lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones, I: the method and some applications. Q. J. R. MeteoroL Soc. 123,467–489.