Workplace Flexibility Practices in SMEs: Relationship with Performance via Redundancies, Absenteeism, and Financial Turnover

References

• Appelbaum, E., T. Bailey, P. Berg, and A. L. Kalleberg (2000). Manufacturing Advantage: Why High‐Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, J. (1984). Flexibility, Uncertainty and Manpower Management. Report 89. Institute of Manpower Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Bacon, N., and K. Hoque (2005). “HRM in the SME Sector: Valuable Employees and Coercive Networks,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 16(11), 1976–1999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barmby, T. A., C. D. Orme, and J. G. Treble (1995). “Worker Absence Histories,” Labour Economics 2(1), 53–66.
   Google Scholar
• Barmby, T. A., M. G. Ercolani, and J. G. Treble (2004). “Sickness Absence in the UK: 1984‐2002,” Swedish Economic Policy Review 11(1), 65–88.
   Google Scholar
• Bartel, A. P. (2004). “Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Retail Banking,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(2), 181–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt, R. (2004). “Who Benefits from Teams? Comparing Workers, Supervisors, and Managers,” Industrial Relations 43(1), 183–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt, R., and E. Appelbaum (1995). “Worker Participation in Diverse Settings: Does the Form Affect the Outcome, and If So Who Benefits?,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 33(3), 353–378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt, R., and M. Valcour (2003). “Human Resources Practices as Predictors of Work‐Family Outcomes and Employee Turnover,” Industrial Relations 42(2), 189–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battisti, G., H. Celia, C. W. Clegg, X. Fu, A. Iona, and A. I. Petrescu (2009). Capabilities Versus Productivity: Identifying the Weaknesses in the UK Retail Industry. London: Advanced Institute of Management (AIM) Executive Briefings.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, G. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, P., E. Appelbaum, T. Baily, and A. L. Kalleberg (2004). “Contesting Time: International Comparisons of Employee Control of Working Time,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(3), 331–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERR [UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform] (2008). SME Statistics for the UK and Regions 2007. http://stats.berr.gov.uk/ed/sme/smestats2007.xls (accessed September 9, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Black, S. E., and L. M. Lynch (2001). “How to Compete: The Impact of Workplace Practices and Information Technology on Productivity,” Review of Economics and Statistics 83(3), 434–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, N., and J. Van reenen (2006a). “Management Practices, Work‐Life Balance and Productivity: A Review of Some Recent Evidence,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 22(4), 457–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom, N., and J. Van reenen (2006b). Measuring and Explaining Management Practices Across Firms and Countries,” Centre for Economic Performance, Discussion Paper 716.
   Google Scholar
• Brett, J. M., and L. K. Stroh (2003). “Working 61 Hours a Week: Why Do Managers Do It?, “ Journal of Applied Psychology 88(1), 67–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadbridge, A. (1999). “Retail Managers: Stress and the Work–Family Relationship,” International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 27(9), 374–382.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S., and J. G. Sessions (1996). “The Economics of Absence: Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Economic Surveys 10(1), 23–53.
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, A., F. Green, and K. Whitfield (2008). “A Quarter Century of Workplace Employment Relations Surveys,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 46(4), 577–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson, J. R. (1996). “Small Business Service Firms and the 1990s Recession in the United Kingdom: Implications for Local Economic Development,” Local Economy 11(3), 221–236.
   Google Scholar
• Buller, P. F., and G. M. Mcevoy (2012). “Strategy, Human Resource Management and Performance: Sharpening Line of Sight,” Human Resource Management Review 22(1), 43–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, R. (2001). “Organizational Values, Work Experiences and Satisfactions among Managerial and Professional Women,” The Journal of Management Development 20(4), 346–354.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, A. C., and P. K. Trivedi (1998). Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, D. S., N. Upton, and S. Seaman (2006). “The Impact of Human Resource Practices and Compensation Design on Performance: An Analysis of Family‐Owned SMEs,” Journal of Small Business Management 44(4), 531‐ 543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeli, A., and J. Schaubroeck (2008). “Organisational Crisis—Preparedness: The Importance of Learning from Failures,” Long Range Planning 41(2), 177–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caroli, E., J. Gautie, C. Lloyd, A. Lamanthe, and S. James (2010). “Delivering Flexibility: Contrasting Patterns in the French and the UK Food Processing Industry,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 48(2), 284–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassell, C., S. Nadi, M. Gray, and C. Clegg (2002). “Exploring Human Resource Management Practices in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises,” Personnel Review 31(6), 671–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy, D., and J. Sutherland (2008). “Going “Absent”, Then Just “Going”? A Case Study Examination of Absence and Quitting,” Economic Issues 13(2), 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Caves, R. E., and M. E. Porter (1977). “From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 91(2), 421–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CBI [Confederation of British Industry] (2009). Employment Trends 2009: Work Patterns in the recession. Report. June.
   Google Scholar
• CBI [Confederation of British Industry] (2010). Marking Britain the Place to Work: An Employment Agenda for the New Government. Report. June.
   Google Scholar
• Central Lancashire Business Directory 2008–09 [CLBD 2008–09] (2009). CD‐ROM. Lancashire City Council. Preston. U.K.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, G. N., and G. M. Mcevoy (2000). “Human Resource Management, TQM, and Firm Performance in Small and Medium‐Size Enterprises,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25(1), 43–58.
   Google Scholar
• Chrisman, J. J., J. H. Chua, F. W. Kellermanns, and E. P. C. Chang (2007). “Are Family Managers Agents or Stewards? An Exploratorkandely Study in Privately Held Family Firms,” Journal of Business Research 60(10), 1030–1038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, W. (2011). “Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Influence of Family Management, Family Control, and Firm Size,” Asia Pacific Journal of Management 28(4), 833–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIPD [Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development] (2009). Absence Management Annual Survey Report. Report, July.
   Google Scholar
• Deshpande, S. P., and D. Y. Golhar (1994). “HRM Practices in Large and Small Manufacturing Firms: A Comparative Study,” Journal of Small Business Management 32(2), 49–59.
   Google Scholar
• Dex, S., and F. Scheibl (2001). “Flexible and Family‐Friendly Working Arrangements in UK‐Based Smes: Business Cases,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 39(3), 411–431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dex, S., and C. Smith (2002). The Nature and Pattern of Family‐Friendly Employment Policies in Britain. Bristol: Joseph Rowntree Foundation and Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dillman, D. (1999). Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Dionne, G., and B. Dostie (2007). “New Evidence on the Determinants of Absenteeism Using Linked Employer‐Employee Data,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 61(1), 108–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doeringer, P., and M. Piore (1971). Internal Labor Markets. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
   Google Scholar
• Drago, R., and M. Wooden (1992). “The Determinants of Labor Absence: Economic Factors and Workgroup Norms across Countries,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45(4), 764–778.
   Google Scholar
• DTI [Department of Trade and Industry] (2005). Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (WIRS), 2nd ed. Colchester: The Data Archive, [distributor].
   Google Scholar
• Easterby‐smith, M., R. Thorpe, and A. Lowe (1993). Management Research: An Introduction. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Eaton, S. C. (2003). “If You Can Use Them: Flexibility Policies, Organizational Commitment, and Perceived Performance,” Industrial Relations 42(2), 145–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). “Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review,” Academy of Management Review 14(1), 57–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission [EC] (2002). SMEs in Focus: Main Results from the 2002 Observatory of European SMEs. Luxembourg: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• European Union [EU] (2003) “Commission Recommendation of the 6th of May 2003 Concerning the Definition of Micro, Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises,” Official Journal of the European Union L 124, 36–41.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, C., G. Harvey, and P. Turnbull (2012). “When Partnerships Don't “Match‐Up”: An Evaluation of Labour‐Management Partnerships in the Automotive Components and Civil Aviation Industries,” Human Resource Management Journal 22(1), 60–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felstead, A., N. Jewson, A. Phizacklea, and S. Walters (2002). “Opportunities to Work at Home in the Context of Work‐Life Balance,” Human Resource Management Journal 12(1), 54–76.
   Google Scholar
• Forth, J., H. Bewley, and A. Bryson (2006). Small and medium‐sized enterprises: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. ESRC/ACAS/PSI.
   Google Scholar
• Francesconi, M., and A. Gosling (2005). Career Paths of Part‐Time Workers. Colchester: Equal Opportunities Commission, University of Essex.
   Google Scholar
• Frick, B., and M. A. Malo (2008). “Labour Market Institutions and Individual Absenteeism in the European Union: The Relative Importance of Sickness Benefit Systems and Employment Protection Legislation,” Industrial Relations 47(4), 505–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gariety, B. S., and S. Shaffer (2007). “Wage Differentials Associated with Working at Home,” Monthly Labor Review, March.
   Google Scholar
• Georgiadis, A., and C. N. Pitelis (2012). “Human Resources and SME Performance in Services: Empirical Evidence from the UK,” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23(4), 808–825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giardini, A., and R. Kabst (2008). “Effects of Work‐Family Human Resource Practices: A Longitudinal Perspective,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 19(11), 2079–2094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover, L., and P. Butler (2012). “High‐Performance Work Systems, Partnership and Working Lives,” Human Resource Management Journal 22(2), 199–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff, S. J., M. K. Mount, and R. L. Jamison (1990). “Employer Supported Child Care, Work/Family Conflict, and Absenteeism: A Field Study,” Personnel Psychology 43(4), 793–809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden, L. (2009). “Flexible Daily Work Schedules in U.S. Jobs: Formal Introductions Needed?,” Industrial Relations 48(1), 27–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, H. (2002). “Family‐Friendly Working: What a Performance! An Analysis of the Relationship between the Availability of Family‐Friendly Policies and Establishment Performance,” May, Discussion Paper 0529, Centre for Economic Performance, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, W. H. (1994). “Accounting for Excess Zeros and Sample Selection in Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models,” Working Paper, Stern School of Business, NYU EC‐94‐10.
   Google Scholar
• Greenhaus, J. H., and N. J. Beutell (1985). “Sources of Conflict between Work and Family Roles,” Academy of Management Review 10(1), 76–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover, S. L., and K. J. Crooker (1995). “Who Appreciates Family‐Responsive Human Resource Policies: The Impact of Family‐Friendly Policies on the Organizational Attachment of Parents and Non‐Parents,” Personnel Psychology 48(2), 271–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest, D. (2011). “Human Resource Management and Performance: Still Searching for Some Answers,” Human Resource Management Journal 21(1), 3–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, M., and L. Weiss (1967). “Firm Size and Profitability,” Review of Economics and Statistics 49(3), 319–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heywood, J. S., W. Jirjahn, and X. Wei (2008). “Teamwork, Monitoring and Absence,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 68(3‐4), 676–690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, E. J., J. G. Grzywacz, S. Allen, V. L. Blanchard, C. Matz‐costac, S. Shulkin, and M. Pitt‐catsouphes (2008). “Defining and Conceptualizing Workplace Flexibility,” Community, Work and Family 11(2), 149–163.
   Google Scholar
• Hutton, W. (2010). Hutton Review of Fair Pay in the Public Sector: Interim Report. HM Treasury. December. UK.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, P., and T. Simons (1995). “Institutional and Resource Dependence Determinants of Responsiveness to Work‐Family Issues,” Academy of Management Journal 38(5), 1466–1482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M. K., R. J. Jones, P. L. Latreille, and P. J. Sloane (2009). “Training, Job Satisfaction and Workplace Performance in Britain: Evidence from WERS 2004,” Labour 23(Special Issue), 139–175.
   Google Scholar
• Kacmar, K. M., M. C. Andrews, D. L. V. Rooy, R. C. Steilberg, and S. Cerrone (2006). “Sure Everyone Can Be Replaced. But at What Cost? Turnover as a Predictor of Unit‐Level Performance,” Academy of Management Journal 49(1), 133–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalleberg, A. L. (2001). “Organizing Flexibility: The Flexible Firm in a New Century,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 39(4), 479–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, J. (2004). “Social Partnership Agreements in Britain: Labor Cooperation and Compliance,” Industrial Relations 43(1), 267–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., and F. Y. Gao (2013). “Does Family Involvement Increase Business Performance? Family‐Longevity Goals’ Moderating Role in Chinese Family Firms,” Journal of Business Research 66(2), 265–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotey, B., and C. Folker (2007). “Employee Training in SMEs: Effect of Size and Firm Type Family and Nonfamily,” Journal of Small Business Management 45(2), 214–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen, K., H. J. Juhl, J. K. Eskildsen, N. Frederiksen, and C. Møller‐bisgaard (2006). “Determinants of Absenteeism in a Large Danish Bank,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 17(9), 1645–1658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazear, E. P. (1998). Personnel Economics for Managers. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, M., and P. Powell (1998). “SME Flexibility and the Role of Information Systems,” Small Business Economics 11(2), 183–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lokke, A. K., and J. K. Eskildsen (2007). “Absenteeism in the Nordic Countries,” Employee Relations 29(1), 16–29.
   Google Scholar
• Long, J. S. (1997). Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lusinyan, L., and L. Bonato (2007). “Work Absence in Europe,” IMF Staff Papers 54(3), 475–538.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, A., and B. Petrongolo (2008). “The Part‐Time Pay Penalty for Women in Britain,” Economic Journal 118(526), F28–F51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden, D. (2004). “The Role of Performance‐Related Pay in Renegotiating the “Effort Bargain”: The Case of the British Public Service,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 57(3), 350–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez‐sanchez, A., M. J. Vela‐jimenez, M. Perez‐perez, and P. De‐luis‐carnicer (2007). “Workplace Flexibility and Innovation. The Moderator Effect of Inter‐Organizational Cooperation,” Personnel Review 37(6), 647–665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matlay, H. (2002). “Industrial Relations in the SME Sector of the British Economy: An Empirical Perspective,” Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 9(3), 307–318.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, G., L. Rankine, S. Bell, and A. Macvicar (2007). “The Incidence and Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements in Smaller Businesses,” Employee Relations 29(2), 138–161.
   Google Scholar
• Mcdonald, P., L. Bradley, and K. Brown (2008). “Visibility in the Workplace: Still an Essential Ingredient for Career Success?,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 19(12), 2198–2215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, J., and N. Allen (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Moshavi, D., and M. J. Koch (2005). “The Adoption of Family‐Friendly Practices in Family‐Owned Firms,” Community, Work and Family 8(3), 237–249.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, A. L. (2008). “Determinants of Absenteeism in Public Organizations: A Unit‐Level Analysis of Work Absence in a Large Danish Municipality,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 19(7), 1330–1348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson, M. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• ONS [Office of National Statistics] (2009). UK Business Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Origo, F., and L. Pagani (2008). “Workplace Flexibility and Job Satisfaction: Some Evidence from Europe,” International Journal of Manpower 29(6), 539–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterman, P. (2000). “Work Reorganization in an Era of Restructuring: Trends in Diffusion and Effects on Employee Welfare,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 53(2), 179–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswald, S. L., L. A. Muse, and M. W. Rutherford (2009). “The Influence of Large Stake Family Control on Performance: Is It Agency or Entrenchment?,” Journal of Small Business Management 47(1), 116–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, E. L., C. T. Kulik, and J. Zhou (1999). “A Closer Look at the Effects of Subordinate‐Supervisor Age Differences,” Journal of Organizational Behavior 20(3), 341–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry‐smith, J. E., and T. C. Blum (2000). “Work‐Family Human Resource Bundles and Perceived Organisational Performance,” Academy of Management Journal 43(6), 1107–1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, A. M., and N. Wilson (2006). “Employee Financial Participation and Productivity: An Empirical Reappraisal,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 44(1), 31–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, H., P. J. O'connell, and F. Mcginnity (2009). “The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work‐Life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland,” Gender, Work and Organisation 16(1), 73–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sels, L., S. De winne, J. Maes, J. Delmotte, D. Faems, and A. Forrier (2006). “Unravelling the HRM‐Performance Link: Value‐Creating and Cost‐Increasing Effects of Small Business HRM,” Journal of Management Studies 43(2), 319–342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, C., and J. Stiglitz (1984). “Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device,” American Economic Review 74(3), 433–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard, III, E. (1994). “Profit Sharing and Productivity: Further Evidence from the Chemicals Industry,” Industrial Relations 33(4), 452–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIC [Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities UK]. (2003). http://www.statistics.gov.uk (accessed August 7, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M., and S. Zagelmayer (2010). “Working Time Management and SME Performance in Europe,” International Journal of Manpower 31(4), 392–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spillan, J., and M. Hough (2003). “Crisis Planning in Small Businesses: Importance, Impetus and Indifference,” European Management Journal 21(3), 398–407.
   Google Scholar
• Stavrou, E. T., C. Brewster, and C. Charalambous (2010). “Human Resource Management and Firm Performance in Europe Through the Lens of Business Systems: Best Fit, Best Practice or Both?,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 21(7), 933–962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, J., J. Brown, and C. Lee (2004). “The Second Work‐Life Balance Study: Results from the Employees’ Survey. Employment Relations Research Series No. 27,” Department for Trade and Industry, March. UK.
   Google Scholar
• Storey, D. J. (2002). “Education, Training and Development Policies and Practices in Medium‐Sized Companies in the UK: Do They Really Influence Firm Performance?,” Omega 30, 249–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, P. (2011). “The Trouble with HRM,” Human Resource Management Journal 21(4), 355–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tocher, N., and M. W. Rutherford (2009). “Perceived Acute Human Resource Management Problems in Small and Medium Firms: An Empirical Examination,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33(2), 455–479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch, M., A. Danford, S. Tailby, and M. Richardson (2008). The Realities of Partnership at Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Van der meer, P. H., and K. Ringdal (2009). “Flexibility Practices, Wages and Productivity: Evidence from Norway,” Personnel Review 38(5), 526–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser, F., and L. Williams (2006). “Work‐Life Balance: Rhetoric versus Reality? An Independent Report Commissioned by UNISON,” The Work Foundation, UNISON. UK.
   Google Scholar
• Vuong, Q. H. (1989). “Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non‐Nested Hypotheses,” Econometrica 57(2), 307–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Way, S. (2002). “High Performance Work Systems and Intermediate Indicators of Firm Performance within the US Small Business Sector,” Journal of Management 28(6), 765–785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, M., S. Hill, P. Mcgovern, C. Mills, and D. Smeaton (2003). “High Performance Management Practices, Working Hours and Work–Life Balance,” British Journal of Industrial Relations 41(2), 175–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyman, P. B., and M. Baimbridge (2006). “Labour Market Flexibility and Foreign Direct Investment,” Employment Relations, Occasional Paper, URN 06/1797, Department of Trade and Industry, London.
   Google Scholar
• Whyman, P. B., and A. I. Petrescu (2013). “Partnership, Flexible Workplace Practices and the Realisation of Mutual Gains: Evidence from the British WERS 2004 Dataset,” The International Journal of Human Resource Management. Special Issue: Partnership, Collaboration and Mutual Gains. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2012.751439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyman, P. B., M. Baimbridge, B. Buraimo, and A. I. Petrescu (2009). “Workplace Flexibility and Corporate Performance: Challenges for the British Private Sector in a Dynamic Environment,” Paper presented at the British Universities Industrial Relations Association (BUIRA) 59th Annual Conference, July.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, S. J., and L. de Menezes (1998). “High Commitment Management in the UK: Evidence from the Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and Employers’ Manpower and Skills Practices Survey,” Human Relations 51(4), 485–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, S. J., L. M. de Menezes, and A. Lasaosa (2003). “Family‐Friendly Management in Great Britain: Testing Various Perspectives,” Industrial Relations 42(2), 221–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodland, S., N. Simmonds, M. Thornby, R. Fitzgerald, and A. Mcgee (2003). The Second Work–Life Balance Study: Results from the Employer Survey—Main Report. DTI Employment Relations Research Series 22 (London. UK: DTI), Available online at: http://www.dti.gov.uk/er/emar/errs22MainReport.pdf (accessed September 7, 2005).
   Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, J. (2002). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yanadori, Y., and T. Kato (2009). “Work and Family Practices in Japanese Firms: Their Scope, Nature and Impact on Employee Turnover,” International Journal of Human Resource Management 20(2), 439–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar