95
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Network Marketing Businesses and Chinese Ethnicity Immigrants in Australia

, &
Pages 444-459 | Published online: 18 Nov 2019

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). “Theory of Planned Behaviour,” Organizational Behavior and Human Processes 50, 179–211.
  • Armitage, C. J., and M. Conner (2001). “Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A Meta‐Analytic Review,” British Journal of Social Psychology 40(4), 471–499.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., and Y. Yi (1988). “On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16(1), 74–94.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self‐Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective,” Annual Review of Psychology 25, 1–26.
  • Bergmann, H., and R. Sternberg (2007). “The Changing Face of Entrepreneurship in Germany,” Small Business Economics 28, 205–221.
  • Bhattacharya, P., and K. Mehta (2000). “Socialization in Network Marketing Organizations: Is It Cult Behavior?” Journal of Socio‐Economics 29, 361–374.
  • Biggart, N. W. (1989). Charismatic Capitalism: Direct Selling Organizations in America. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Brettel, M., and J. D. Rottenberger (2013). “Examining the Link between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning Process in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises,” Journal of Small Business Management 51, 471–490.
  • Bryman, A., and E. Bell (2007). Business Research Methods, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Carr, J. C., and J. M. Sequeria (2007). “Prior Family Business Exposure as Intergenerational Influence and Entrepreneurial Intent: A Theory of Planned Approach,” Journal of Business Research 60(10), 1090–1098.
  • Carsrud, A., and M. Brannback (2011). “Entrepreneurial Motivation: What Do We Still Need to Know?” Journal of Small Business Management 49(1), 9–26.
  • Cenfetelli, R. T., and G. B. Bassellier (2009). “Interpretation of Formative Measurement in Information Systems Research,” MIS Quarterly 33, 689–707.
  • Chaganti, R., and P. G. Greene (2002). “Who Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs? A Study of Entrepreneurs’ Ethnic Involvement and Business Characteristics,” Journal of Small Business Management 40(2), 126–143.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). “The Partial Least Squares Modelling Approach to Structural Equation Modelling,” in Modern Methods for Business Research. Ed. G. A. Marcoulides. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 295–336.
  • Choo, S., and M. Wong (2006). “Entrepreneurial Intention: Triggers and Barriers to New Venture Creations in Singapore,” Singapore Management Review 28(2), 47–64.
  • Collins, C. J., P. J. Hanges, and E. A. Locke (2004). “The Relationship of Achievement Motivation to Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Meta‐Analysis,” Human Performance 17(1), 95–117.
  • Collins, J. (2002). “Chinese Entrepreneurs: The Chinese Diaspora in Australia,” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research 8(1/2), 113–133.
  • Dai, F., K. Wang, and S. T. T. Teo (2011). “Chinese Immigrants in Network Marketing Business in Western Host Country Context,” International Business Review 20(6), 659–669.
  • Diamantopoulos, A., and H. M. Winklhofer (2001). “Index Construction with Formative Indicators: An Alternative to Scale Development,” Journal of Marketing Research 38(2), 269–277.
  • Evans, M. D. R. (1989). “Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Effects of Ethnic Market Size and Isolated Labor Pool,” American Sociological Review 54(6), 950–962.
  • Forbes, D. P. (2005). “The Effects of Strategic Decision Making on Entrepreneurial Self‐efficacy,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 29(5), 599–626.
  • Fornell, C., and D. F. Larcker (1981). “Evaluating Structure Equations Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error,” Journal of Marketing Research 18, 39–35.
  • Groß, C. (2010). “Spiritual Cleansing: A Case Study on How Spirituality Can Be Mis/Used by a Company,” Management Revue 21(1), 60–81.
  • Haenlein, M., and A. M. Kaplan (2004). “A Beginner's Guide to Partial Least Squares Analysis,” Understanding Statistics 3(4), 283–297.
  • Harris, W. (2004). “Network Marketing or Pyramid Scheme?,” Black Enterprise 35(4), 102–110.
  • Henrekson, M. (2005). “Entrepreneurship: A Weak Link in the Welfare State?,” Industrial and Corporate Change 14, 437–467.
  • Koehn, D. (2001). “Ethical Issues Connected with Multi‐Level Marketing Schemes,” Journal of Business Ethics 29(1–2), 153–160.
  • Krueger, N. F. (1993). “The Impact of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure on Perceptions of New Venture Feasibility and Desirability,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18(1), 5–21.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2000). “The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 24(3), 5–23.
  • Krueger, N. F., M. D. Reilly, and A. L. Carsrud (2000). “Competing Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions,” Journal of Business Venturing 15, 411–432.
  • Kuntze, R. J. (2001). The Dark Side of Multilevel Marketing Appeals to the Symbolically Incomplete, Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
  • Kuratko, D. F., R. D. Ireland, and J. S. Hornsby (2001). “Improving Firm Performance through Entrepreneurial Actions: Acordia's Corporate Entrepreneurship Strategy,” The Academy of Management Executive 15(4), 60–71.
  • Lin, X. (2007). “Chinese Entrepreneurs in Network Marketing Organizations: A Culture‐Moderated Social Capital Perspective,” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 20(3), 273–288.
  • Malhotra, D. (2010). “The Desire to Win: The Effects of Competitive Arousal on Motivation and Behaviour,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process 111, 139–146.
  • Mccelland, D. (1987). Human Motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mcmullen, J. S. and D. A. Shepherd (2006). “Entrepreneurial Action and the Role of Uncertainty in the Theory of the Entrepreneur,” Academy of Management Review 31(1), 132–152.
  • Noe, R. A. (1986). “Trainees’ Attributes and Attitudes: Neglected Influences on Training Effectiveness,” Academy of Management Review 11(4), 736–749.
  • Petter, S., D. Straub, and A. Rai (2007). “Specifying Formative Constructs in Information Systems Research,” MIS Quarterly 31(4), 623–656.
  • Pratt, M. G. (2000). “The Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent: Managing Identification Among Amway Distributors,” Administrative Science Quarterly 45, 456–493.
  • Rahman, K. M. and S. F. Rahman (2011). “Entrepreneurship Needs and Achievement Motivations of Descendant Latin‐Japanese Entrepreneurs in Japan,” International Journal of Entrepreneurship 15, 99–119.
  • Ringle, C., S. Wende, and A. Will (2005). Smart‐PLS Version 2.0 M2. Available at: http://www.smartpls.de.
  • Ryan, R. M. and E. L. Deci (2000). “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions,” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25, 54–67.
  • Sekerka, L. E., and R. P. Bagozzi (2007). “Moral Courage in the Workplace: Moving to and from the Desire and Decision to Act,” Business Ethics: A European Review 16(2), 132–149.
  • Sequeira, J. M. and A. A. Rasheed (2006). “Start‐Up and Growth of Immigrant Small Business: The Impact of Social and Human Capital,” Journal of Development Entrepreneurship 11(4), 357–375.
  • Sparks, J. R., and J. A. Schenk (2001). “Explaining the Effects of Transformational Leadership: An Investigation of Effects of Higher‐Order Motives in Multilevel Marketing Organizations,” Journal of Organizational Behavior 22, 849–869.
  • Sparks, J. R., and J. A. Schenk (2006). “Socialization Communication, Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, and Sales in a Multilevel Marketing Organization,” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 26(2), 161–180.
  • Tai, W. T. (2006). “Effects of Training Framing, General Self‐Efficacy and Training Motivation on Trainees’ Training Effectiveness,” Personnel Review 35(1), 51–65.
  • Taormina, R. J., and S. K.‐M. Lao (2007). “Measuring Chinese Entrepreneurial Motivation – Personality and Environmental Influences,” International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 13(4), 200–221.
  • Tenenhaus, M., V. E. Vinzi, Y.‐M. Chatelin, and C. Lauro (2005). “PLS Path Modelling,” Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 48(1), 159–205.
  • Tracey, J. B., T. R. Hinkin, R. Tannenbaum, and J. E. Mathieu (2001). “The Influence of Individual Characteristics and the Work Environment on Varying Levels of Training Outcomes,” Human Resource Development Quarterly 12(1), 5–23.
  • Trevelyan, R. (2011). “Self‐Efficacy and Effort in New Venture Development,” Journal of Management & Organization 17, 2–16.
  • Turker, D. (2009). “Measuring Corporate Social Responsibility: A Scale Development Study,” Journal of Business Ethics 85, 411–427.
  • Wetzels, M., G. Odekerken‐schröder, and C. V. Oppen. (2009). “Using PLS Path Modelling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration,” MIS Quarterly 33(1), 177–195.
  • Wicklund, R. A., and P. M. Gollwitzer (1981). “Symbolic Self‐Completion, Attempted Influence, and Self‐Depression,” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2(2), 89–114.
  • Witt, L., and G. R. Ferris (2003). “Social Skill as Moderator of the Conscientiousness‐Performance Relationship: Convergent Results Across Four Studies,” Journal of Applied Psychology 88, 809–820.
  • Wood, R., and A. Bandura (1989). “Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management,” Academy of Management Review 14(3), 361–384.
  • World Federation of Direct Selling Association. (2014). “World Wide Direct Sales Data.” http://www.wfdsa.org/ (accessed on 16 May 2014).
  • Zhao, H., and S. E. Seibert (2006). “The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Entrepreneurial Status: A Meta‐Analytical Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology 91(2), 259–271.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.