Exploring the Gay Community Question: Neighborhood and Network Influences on the Experience of Community among Urban Gay Men

REFERENCES

• Adams, Rebecca G. and Graham Allan. 1998. “Contextualizing Friendship.” Pp. 1–17 in Placing Friendship in Context, edited by Rebecca G. Adams and Graham Allan. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Adler, Sy and Johanna Brenner. 2005. “Gender and Space: Lesbians and Gay Men in the City.” Pp. 200–7 in The Urban Sociology Reader, edited by Jan Lin and Christopher Mele. London: Routledge Press.
   Google Scholar
• Altman, Dennis. 2001. Global Sex. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London, England: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Banks, Christopher. 2003. The Cost of Homophobia: Literature Review on the Human Impact of Homophobia in Canada. Saskatoon, Canada: Community-University Institute for Social Research.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, Donald C. and Lance M. Pollack. 2005. “Whose Gay Community? Social Class, Sexual Self-Expression, and Gay Community Involvement.” The Sociological Quarterly 46:437–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benotsch, Eric G., Seth Kalichman, and Maggi Cage. 2002. “Men Who Have Met Sex Partners via the Internet: Prevalence, Predictors, and Implications for HIV Prevention.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 31:177–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, Dan, Gary Gates, Seth Sanders, and Lowell Taylor. 2000. “Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian Population in the United States: Evidence from Available Systematic Data Sources.” Demography 37(2):139–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, Dan, Gary Gates, Seth Sanders, and Lowell Taylor. 2002. “Why Do Gay Men Live in San Francisco?” Journal of Urban Economics 51:54–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brekhus, Wayne. 2003. Peacocks, Chameleons, Centaurs: Gay Suburbia and the Grammar of Social Identity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, Patricia. 2007. “Gay Enclaves Face Prospect of Being Passé.” New York Times, October 30.
   Google Scholar
• Brown-Saracino, Japonica. 2009. “LGBTI in Community and Urban Sociology: New Directions for Our Subfield.” Community and Urban Sociology Newsletter, Fall/Winter 2008/2009.
   Google Scholar
• Carey, Michael, Laura Braaten, Beth Jaworski, Lauren Durant, and Andrew Forsyth. 1999. “HIV and AIDS Relative to Other Health, Social and Relationship Concerns among Lower-Income Women: A Brief Report.” Journal of Women's Health and Gender Based Medicine 8:657–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpiano, Richard M., Brian C. Kelly, Adam Easterbrook, and Jeffrey T. Parsons. 2011. “Community and Drug Use among Gay Men: The Role of Neighborhoods and Networks.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52: 74–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells, Manuel. 1983. The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, James L., Dulmini Kodagoda, A. Michael Lawrence, and Peter R. Kerndt. 2002. “Rapid Public Health Interventions in Response to an Outbreak of Syphilis in Los Angeles.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 29:285–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, Terry N. 2003. “Gays and Urban Development: How Are They Linked?” Pp. 221–34 in The City as an Entertainment Machine (Research in Urban Policy, vol. 9), edited by Terry Nichols Clark. Bingley, England: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Clatts, Michael C., W. Rees Davis, and Aylin Atillasoy. 1995. “Hitting a Moving Target: The Use of Ethnographic Methods in the Development of Sampling Strategies for the Evaluation of AIDS Outreach Programs for Homeless Youth in New York City.” NIDA Research Monograph 157:117–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dahlin, Eric, Erin Kelly, and Phyllis Moen. 2008. “Is Work the New Neighborhood? Social Ties in the Workplace, Family, and Neighborhood.” The Sociological Quarterly 49:719–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degenne, Alain and Michel Forse. 1999. Introducing Social Networks. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Dew, Brian and Michael Chaney. 2004. “Sexual Addiction and the Internet: Implications for Gay Men.” Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling 24(2):101–14.
   Google Scholar
• Florida, Richard. 2002. The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Frye, Victoria, Beryl Koblin, John Chin, John Beard, Shannon Blaney, Perry Halkitis, David Vlahov, and Sandro Galea. 2008. “Neighborhood-Level Correlates of Consistent Condom Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Multi-Level Analysis.” AIDS Behavior 14:974–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gates, Gary J. and Jason Ost. 2004. The Gay and Lesbian Atlas. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gorman-Murray, Andrew and Gordon Waitt. 2009. “Queer-Friendly Neighbourhoods: Interrogating Social Cohesion across Sexual Difference in Two Australian Neighbourhoods.” Environment and Planning A 41:2855–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78(6):1360–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter, Mark S. 1983. “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited.” Sociological Theory 1:201–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hardey, Michael. 2002. “Life beyond the Screen: Embodiment and Identity through the Internet.” The Sociological Review 50(4):570–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayslett, Karen L. and Melinda D. Kane. 2011. “‘Out’ in Columbus: A Geospatial Analysis of the Neighborhood-Level Distribution of Gay and Lesbian Households.” City & Community 10(2):131–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy, Emma and Angela Mason, eds. 1994. Stonewall 25: The Making of the Lesbian and Gay Community in Britain. London, England: Virago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heinz, Bettina, Li Gu, Ako Inuzuka, and Roger Zender. 2002. “Under the Rainbow Flag: Webbing Global Gay Identities.” International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies 7(2/3):107–24.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, Charles. 1997. The Gay Metropolis, 1940—1996. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Kalichman, Seth, Eric Benotsch, David Rompa, Cheryl Gore-Felton, James Austin, Webster Luke, Kari DiFonzo, Jeff Buckles, Florence Kyomugisha, and Dolores Simpson. 2001. “Unwanted Sexual Experiences and Sexual Risks in Gay and Bisexual Men: Associations among Revictimization, Substance Use, and Psychiatric Symptoms.” Journal of Sex Research 28:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane, Melinda D. 2010. “You've Won, Now What? The Influence of Legal Change on Gay and Lesbian Mobilization, 1974—1999.” The Sociological Quarterly 51:255–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, Brian C., Richard M. Carpiano, Adam Easterbrook, and Jeffrey T. Parsons. 2012. “Sex and the Community: Examining the Implications of Neighborhoods and Social Networks for Sexual Risk Behaviors among Urban Gay Men.” Sociology of Health & Illness 34:1085–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, David A. 2010. “Mediation.” Retrieved January 28, 2010 (http://davidakenny.net/cm/mediate.htm).
   Google Scholar
• Kinsman, Gary. 1996. The Regulation of Desire: Homo and Hetero Sexualities. Montreal, Canada: Black Rose Books.
   Google Scholar
• Klinenberg, Eric. 2002. Heat Wave. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Knopp, Larry. 1990. “Some Theoretical Implications of Gay Involvement in an Urban Land Market.” Political Geography Quarterly 9(4):337–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauria, Mickey and Larry Knopp. 1985. “Towards an Analysis of the Role of Gay Communities in the Urban Renaissance.” Urban Geography 6(2):152–64.
   Google Scholar
• Levay, Simon and Elisabeth Nonas. 1995. City of Friends: A Portrait of the Gay and Lesbian Community in America. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, Martin P. 1979. “The Gay Ghetto.” Journal of Homosexuality 4:363–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Nathaniel M. 2012. “Remapping Disclosure: Gay Men's Segmented Journeys of Moving Out and Coming Out.” Social & Cultural Geography 13:211–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus, Jeni. 2001. “America's Liberalization in Attitudes toward Homosexuality, 1973 to 1998.” American Sociological Review 66(5):762–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, Miller, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook. 2001. “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks.” Annual Review of Sociology 27:415–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Robert E. and Earnest W. Burgess. 1925. The City: Suggestions for the Study of Human Nature in the Urban Environment. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pattillo-McCoy, Mary. 1999. Black Picket Fences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. 2011. “Beyond Red vs. Blue: The Political Typology.” Retrieved April 9, 2013 (http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/Beyond-Red-vs-Blue-The-Political-Typology.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, R. 2009. “Endangered Territory, Endangered Identity: Oxford Street and the Dissipation of Gay Life.” Journal of Australian Studies 33:79–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosser, B. R. Simon, William West, and Richard Reinmeyer. 2008. “Are Gay Communities Dying or Just in Transition? Results from an International Consultation Examining Possible Structural Change in Gay Communities.” AIDS Care 20:588–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, Caitlyn, David Huebner, Rafael M. Diaz, and Jorge Sanchez. 2009. “Family Rejection as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in White and Latino Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Young Adults.” Pediatrics 123:346–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, Caitlyn, Stephen T. Russell, David Huebner, Rafael Diaz, and Jorge Sanchez. 2010. “Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT Young Adults.” Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 23:205–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Small, Mario L. 2004. Villa Victoria: The Transformation of Social Capital in a Boston Barrio. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Small, Mario L. 2007. “Racial Differences in Networks: Do Neighborhood Conditions Matter?” Social Science Quarterly 88(2):320–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, David M. and Gary Gates. 2001. “Gay and Lesbian Families in the United States: Same-Sex Unmarried Partner Households.” A preliminary analysis of 200 United States Census Data. A Human Rights Campaign Report. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Snijders, Tom A. B. and Roel J. Bosker. 1999. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2007. “2006 Census: Families, Marital Status, Households and Dwelling Characteristics.” The Daily, September 12. Retrieved July 1, 2011 (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/070912/dq070912a-eng.htm).
   Google Scholar
• Tönnies, Ferdinand. 1988. Community and Society (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. “U.S. Census Bureau Website.” Retrieved July 29, 2011 (http://www.census.gov).
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, Gill. 1995. “Out and About: Geographies of Lesbian Landscapes.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 19:96–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, Gill. 2002. “Queer Bodies and the Production of Space.” Pp. 145–60 in Handbook of Lesbian and Gay Studies, edited by D. Richardson and S. Seidman. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weeks, Jeffrey, Brian Heaphy, and Catherine Donovan. 2001. Same Sex Intimacies: Families of Choice and Other Life Experiments. London, England: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman, Barry. 1979. “The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers.” American Journal of Sociology 84(5):1201–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellman, Barry and Barry Leighton. 1979. “Networks, Neighborhoods, and Communities: Approaches to Studies of the Community Question.” Urban Affairs Quarterly 14(3):363–90.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman, Barry and Scot Wortley. 1990. “Different Strokes from Different Folks: Community Ties and Social Support.” American Journal of Sociology 96(3):558–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston, Kath. 1991. Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, Kinship. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, William J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Witten, Karen, Robin Kearns, Tim McCreanor, Liane Penney, and Fuafiva Faalau. 2009. “Connecting Place and the Everyday Practices of Parenting: Insights from Auckland, New Zealand.” Environment and Planning A 41:2893–910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolwine, David. 2000. “Community in Gay Male Experience and Moral Discourse.” Journal of Homosexuality 38:5–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar