334
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

New Color Lines: Racial/Ethnic Inequality in Earnings among College-Educated Men

Pages 152-184 | Published online: 28 Nov 2016

REFERENCES

  • Alba, Richard. 2009. Blurring the Color Line: The New Chance for a More Integrated America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Alba, Richard and Victor Nee. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Allison, Paul. 2012. “When Can You Safely Ignore Multicollinearity?” Retrieved September 10, 2012 (http://www.statisticalhorizons.com/multicollinearity).
  • Altonji, Joseph G. and Richard K. Mansfield. 2011. “The Role of Family, School, and Community Characteristics in Inequality in Education and Labor-Market Outcomes.” Pp. 339–58 in Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, edited by G. J. Duncan and R. J. Murnane. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Antecol, Heather and Kelly Bedard. 2004. “The Racial Wage Gap: The Importance of Labor Force Attachment Differences across Black, Mexican, and White Men.” Journal of Human Resources 39:564–83.
  • Autor, David H., Lawrence F. Katz, and Melissa S. Kearney. 2006. “The Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market.” American Economic Review 96:189–94.
  • Bean, Frank D. and Gillian Stevens. 2003. America's Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Beller, Emily. 2009. “Bringing Intergenerational Social Mobility Research into the Twenty-First Century: Why Mothers Matter.” American Sociological Review 74:507–28.
  • Berger, Mark C. 1988. “Predicted Future Earnings and Choice of College Major.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41:375–83.
  • Black, Dan, Amelia Haviland, Seth Sanders, and Lowell Taylor. 2006. “Why Do Minority Men Earn Less? A Study of Wage Differentials among the Highly Educated.” Review of Economics and Statistics 82:300–13.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1996. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological Review 62:465–80.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2002. “We Are All Americans!: The Latin Americanization of Racial Stratification in the USA.” Race & Society 5:3–16.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2004. “From Bi-Racial to Tri-Racial: Towards a New System of Racial Stratification in the USA.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 27:931–50.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2009. Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America, 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Bowles, Samuel and Herbert Gintis. 2002. “The Inheritance of Inequality.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16:3–30.
  • Bradbury, Katharine L. 2002. “Education and Wages in the 1980s and 1990s: Are All Groups Moving Up Together?” New England Economic Review 2002:19–46.
  • Brewer, Dominic J., Eric R. Eide, and Ronald G. Ehrenberg. 1999. “Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross-Cohort Evidence on the Effects of College Type on Earnings.” Journal of Human Resources 34:104–23.
  • Browne, Irene and Joya Misra. 2003. “The Intersection of Gender and Race in the Labor Market.” Annual Review of Sociology 29:487–513.
  • Cancio, A. Silvia, T. David Evans, and David J. Maume. 1996. “Reconsidering the Declining Significance of Race: Racial Differences in Early Career Wages.” American Sociological Review 61:541–56.
  • Card, David and John E. DiNardo. 2002. “Skill-Biased Technological Change and Rising Wage Inequality: Some Problems and Puzzles.” Journal of Labor Economics 20:733–83.
  • Card, David and Thomas Lemieux. 1996. “Wage Dispersion, Returns to Skill, and Black—White Wage Differentials.” Journal of Econometrics 74:319–61.
  • Cotter, David A., Joan M. Hermsen, and Reeve Vanneman. 2008. “The Effects of Occupational Gender Segregation across Race.” The Sociological Quarterly 44:17–36.
  • Davies, Scott and Neil Guppy. 1997. “Fields of Study, College Selectivity, and Student Inequalities in Higher Education.” Social Forces 75:1417–38.
  • Daymont, Thomas N. and Paul J. Andrisani. 1984. “Job Preferences, College Major, and the Gender Gap in Earnings.” The Journal of Human Resources 19:408–28.
  • DiPrete, Thomas A. and Gregory M. Eirich. 2006. “Cumulative Advantage as a Mechanism for Inequality: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments.” Annual Review of Sociology 32:271–97.
  • Eide, Eric. 1994. “College Major Choice and Changes in the Gender Wage Gap.” Contemporary Economic Policy 12:55–64.
  • Eide, Eric R. and Mark H. Showalter. 1999. “Factors Affecting the Transmission of Earnings across Generations: A Quantile Regression Approach.” Journal of Human Resources 34:253–67.
  • Espenshade, Thomas J. and Alexandria Walton Radford. 2009. No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Filer, Randall K., Daniel S. Hamermesh, and Albert E. Rees. 1996. The Economics of Work and Pay. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
  • Fischer, Claude S. and Michael Hout. 2006. Century of Difference: How America Changed in the Last One Hundred Years. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Frank, Reanne, Ilana Redstone Akresh, and Bo Lu. 2010. “Latino Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order: How and Where Do They Fit In?” American Sociological Review 75:378–401.
  • Gans, Herbert J. 1999. “The Possibility of a New Racial Hierarchy in the Twenty-First Century United States.” Pp. 371–390 in The Cultural Territories of Race, edited by M. Lamont. Chicago, IL/New York: University of Chicago Press/Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Greenman, Emily and Yu Xie. 2008. “Double Jeopardy? The Interaction of Gender and Race on Earnings in the United States.” Social Forces 86:1217–44.
  • Hirschman, Charles and Morrison G. Wong. 1984. “Socioeconomic Gains of Asian Americans, Blacks and Hispanics: 1960—1976.” American Journal of Sociology 90:584–607.
  • Hout, Michael and Thomas DiPrete. 2006. “What Have We Learned? RC28's Contributions to Knowledge about Social Stratification.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 24:1–20.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. 2004. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Juhn, Chinhui and Kevin M. Murphy. 1997. “Wage Inequality and Family Labor-Supply.” Journal of Labor Economics 15:72–97.
  • Julian, Tiffany and Robert Kominski. 2011. Education and Synthetic Work-Life Earnings Estimates. American Community Survey Reports. ACS-14, Washington, DC: US Census Bureau.
  • Kalmijn, Matthijs. 1993. “Patterns in Black/White Intermarriage.” Social Forces 72:119–46.
  • Kim, ChangHwan and Arthur Sakamoto. 2010. “Have Asian American Men Achieved Labor Market Parity with White Men?” American Sociological Review 75:934–57.
  • Kim, ChangHwan and Christopher R. Tamborini. 2006. “The Continuing Significance of Race in the Occupational Attainment of Whites and Blacks: A Segmented Labor Market Analysis.” Sociological Inquiry 76:23–51.
  • Lee, Jennifer and Frank D. Bean. 2004. “America's Changing Color Lines: Immigration, Race/Ethnicity, and Multiracial Identification.” Annual Review of Sociology 30:221–42.
  • Lee, Jennifer and Frank D. Bean. 2007a. “Redrawing the Color Line?” City & Community 6:49–62.
  • Lee, Jennifer and Frank D. Bean. 2007b. “Reinventing the Color Line: Immigration and America's New Racial/Ethnic Divide.” Social Forces 86:561–86.
  • Lemieux, Thomas. 2006. “Post-Secondary Education and Increasing Wage Inequality.” American Economic Review 96:195–99.
  • Long, Mark C. 2010. “Changes in the Returns to Education and College Quality.” Economics of Education Review 29:338–47.
  • Loury, Linda Datcher. 1997. “The Gender Earnings Gap among College-Educated Workers.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50:580–93.
  • Loury, Linda Datcher and David Garman. 1995. “College Selectivity and Earnings.” Journal of Labor Economics 13:289–308.
  • Mare, Robert D. 1981. “Change and Stability in Educational Stratification.” American Sociological Review 46:72–87.
  • Marrow, Helen B. 2009. “New Immigrant Destinations and the American Colour Line.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32:1037–57.
  • Massey, Douglas S. and Mary J. Fischer. 1999. “Does Rising Income Bring Integration? New Results for Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in 1990.” Social Science Research 28:316–26.
  • Maume, David J. Jr. 1999. “Occupational Segregation and the Career Mobility of White Men and Women.” Social Forces 77:1433–59.
  • Maume, David J. Jr. 2004. “Wage Discrimination over the Life Course: A Comparison of Explanations.” Social Problems 51:505–27.
  • Maxwell, Nan L. 1990. “Changing Female Labor Force Participation: Influences on Income Inequality and Distribution.” Social Forces 68:1251–66.
  • McCall, Leslie. 2001. “Sources of Racial Wage Inequality in Metropolitan Labor Markets: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences.” American Sociological Review 66:520–41.
  • Min, Pyoung Gap. 2006. Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
  • Morgan, Laurie A. 2008. “Major Matters: A Comparison of the Within-Major Pay Gap across College Majors for Early-Career Graduates.” Industrial Relations 47:625–50.
  • Morris, Martina and Bruce Western. 1999. “Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the Twentieth Century.” Annual Review of Sociology 25:623–57.
  • Neal, Derek A. and William R. Johnson. 1996. “The Role of Premarket Factors in African American-White Wage Differences.” Journal of Political Economy 104:869–95.
  • Ortiz, Susan Y. and Vincent J. Roscigno. 2009. “Discrimination, Women, and Work: Processes and Variations by Race and Class.” The Sociological Quarterly 50:336–59.
  • Perlmand, Joel and Roger Waldinger. 1997. “Second Generation Decline? Children of Immigrants, Past and Present—A Reconsideration.” International Migration Review 31:893–922.
  • Petersen, Trond and Laurie Morgan. 1995. “Separate and Unequal: Occupation, Establishment Sex Segregation, and the Gender Wage Gap.” American Journal of Sociology 101:329–65.
  • Pew Research Center. 2010. “Marrying Out: One-in-Seven New U.S. Marriages: Is Interracial or Interethnic.” Washington, DC.
  • Pew Research Center. 2012. “The Rise of Asian Americans.” Washington, DC.
  • Portes, Alejandro and Ruben G. Rumbaut. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press and Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Portes, Alejandro and Min Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 530:74–96.
  • Qian, Zhenchao and Daniel T. Lichter. 2007. “Social Boundaries and Marital Assimilation: Evaluating Trends in Racial and Ethnic Intermarriage.” American Sociological Review 72:68–94.
  • Roksa, Josipa. 2005. “Double Disadvantage or Blessing in Disguise? Understanding the Relationship between College Major and Employment Sector.” Sociology of Education 78:207–32.
  • Rosenfeld, Rachel A. 1992. “Job Mobility and Career Processes.” Annual Review of Sociology 18:39–61.
  • Ruggles, Steven J., Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. 2010. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Rumberger, Russell and Scott L. Thomas. 1993. “The Economic Returns to College Major, Quality and Performance: A Multilevel Analysis of Recent Graduates.” Economics of Education Review 12:1–19.
  • Sakamoto, Arthur, Kimberly A. Goyette, and ChangHwan Kim. 2009. “The Socioeconomic Attainments of Asian Americans.” Annual Review of Sociology 35:255–76.
  • Sakamoto, Arthur, Hyeyoung Woo, and ChangHwan Kim. 2010. “Does an Immigrant Background Ameliorate Racial Disadvantage? The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation African Americans.” Sociological Forum 25:123–46.
  • Saulny, Susan. 2011. “Census Data Presents Rise in Multiracial Population of Youths.” New York Times, March 24, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2012. (http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/us/25race.html).
  • Smith, James. 1980. Female Labor Supply: Theory and Estimation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Smith, James P. and Finis R. Welch. 1989. “Black Economic Progress after Myrdal.” Journal of Economic Literature 27:519–64.
  • Tavernise, Sabrina. 2012. “Whites Account for under Half of Births in U.S.” New York Times, May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012 (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/17/us/whites-account-for-under-half-of-births-in-us.html).
  • Telles, Edward E. and Christina A. Sue. 2009. “Race Mixture: Boundary Crossing in Comparative Perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology 35:129–46.
  • Thomas, Melvin and Hayward D. Horton. 1992. “Race, Class, and Family Structure: The Case of Family Income.” Sociological Perspectives 35:433–50.
  • Thomas, Melvin E., Cedric Herring, and Hayward Derrick Horton. 1994. “Discrimination over the Life Course: A Synthetic Cohort Analysis of Earnings Differences between Black and White Males, 1940—1990.” Social Problems 41:608–28.
  • Thomas, Scott and Liang Zhang. 2005. “Post-Baccalaureate Wage Growth within Four Years of Graduation: The Effects of College Quality and College Major.” Research in Higher Education 46:437–59.
  • Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, Melvin Thomas, and Kecia Johnson. 2005. “Race and the Accumulation of Human Capital across the Career: A Theoretical Model and Fixed-Effects Application.” American Journal of Sociology 111:58–89.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. “Statistical Abstract of the United States,” 131st ed., Washington, DC. Retrieved July 12, 2012 (http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/).
  • U.S. Census Bureau. 2012. “Census Bureau's 2010 Alternative Questionnaire Experiment Report.” Washington, DC. Retrieved February 1, 2013 (http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/pdf/20120808_aqe_1pm.pdf).
  • Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2003. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 2nd ed. Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western.
  • Xie, Yu and Kimberly A. Goyette. 2003. “Social Mobility and the Educational Choices of Asian Americans.” Social Science Research 32:467–98.
  • Zeng, Zhen and Yu Xie. 2004. “Asian-Americans’ Earnings Disadvantage Reexamined: The Role of Place of Education.” American Journal of Sociology 109:1075–108.
  • Zhou, Min and Carl L. Bankston III. 1998. Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Zhou, Min and Yoshinori Kamo. 2005. “An Analysis of Earnings Patterns for Chinese, Japanese, and Non-Hispanic White Males in the United States.” The Sociological Quarterly 35:581–602.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.