REFERENCES
- Angers S, et al. 2006. The KLHL12-Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase negatively regulates the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway by targeting Dishevelled for degradation. Nat. Cell Biol. 8:348–357.
- Bernassola F, Karin M, Ciechanover A, Melino G. 2008. The HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases: multiple players in cancer development. Cancer Cell 14:10–21.
- Bilic J, et al. 2007. Wnt induces LRP6 signalosomes and promotes dishevelled-dependent LRP6 phosphorylation. Science 316:1619–1622.
- Bryja V, Gradl D, Schambony A, Arenas E, Schulte G. 2007. Beta-arrestin is a necessary component of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:6690–6695.
- Bryja V, Schulte G, Rawal N, Grahn A, Arenas E. 2007. Wnt-5a induces Dishevelled phosphorylation and dopaminergic differentiation via a CK1-dependent mechanism. J. Cell Sci. 120:586–595.
- Clevers H. 2006. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell 127:469–480.
- Cong F, Schweizer L, Varmus H. 2004. Casein kinase Iepsilon modulates the signaling specificities of Dishevelled. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:2000–2011.
- Deng N, Ye Y, Wang W, Li L. 2010. Dishevelled interacts with p65 and acts as a repressor of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription. Cell Res. 20:1117–1127.
- Gan XQ, et al. 2008. Nuclear Dvl, c-Jun, beta-catenin, and TCF form a complex leading to stabilization of beta-catenin-TCF interaction. J. Cell Biol. 180:1087–1100.
- Gao C, et al. 2010. Autophagy negatively regulates Wnt signalling by promoting Dishevelled degradation. Nat. Cell Biol. 12:781–790.
- Gao C, Chen YG. 2010. Dishevelled: the hub of Wnt signaling. Cell. Signal. 22:717–727.
- Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Brennan KR, Castelo-Soccio LA, Brown AM. 2004. Wnt proteins induce Dishevelled phosphorylation via an LRP5/6-independent mechanism, irrespective of their ability to stabilize beta-catenin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:4757–4768.
- Ilyas M, Tomlinson IP, Rowan A, Pignatelli M, Bodmer WF. 1997. Beta-catenin mutations in cell lines established from human colorectal cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:10330–10334.
- Itoh K, Brott BK, Bae GU, Ratcliffe MJ, Sokol SY. 2005. Nuclear localization is required for Dishevelled function in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. J. Biol. 4:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/jbiol20.
- Jacob LS, et al. 2011. Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals disease-associated genes that are common to Hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Sci. Signal. 4:ra4. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2001225.
- Klimowski LK, Garcia BA, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Virshup DM. 2006. Site-specific casein kinase 1epsilon-dependent phosphorylation of Dishevelled modulates beta-catenin signaling. FEBS J. 273:4594–4602.
- Korswagen HC. 2006. Regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by redox signaling. Dev. Cell 10:687–688.
- Lee JS, Ishimoto A, Yanagawa S. 1999. Characterization of mouse dishevelled (Dvl) proteins in Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 274:21464–21470.
- Li HH, et al. 2011. The ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by its proteasome-dependent degradation of phospho-c-Jun. Am. J. Pathol. 178:1043–1058.
- Li M, et al. 2010. TAB2 scaffolds TAK1 and NLK in repressing canonical Wnt signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 285:13397–13404.
- Liu C, et al. 1999. beta-Trcp couples beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation and regulates Xenopus axis formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:6273–6278.
- Logan CY, Nusse R. 2004. The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:781–810.
- Maillard I, Pear WS. 2003. Notch and cancer: best to avoid the ups and downs. Cancer Cell 3:203–205.
- Mao J, et al. 2001. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 binds to Axin and regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Mol. Cell 7:801–809.
- Melino G, et al. 2008. Itch: a HECT-type E3 ligase regulating immunity, skin and cancer. Cell Death Differ. 15:1103–1112.
- Miyazaki K, et al. 2004. NEDL1, a novel ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for dishevelled-1, targets mutant superoxide dismutase-1. J. Biol. Chem. 279:11327–11335.
- Nateri AS, Riera-Sans L, Da Costa C, Behrens A. 2004. The ubiquitin ligase SCFFbw7 antagonizes apoptotic JNK signaling. Science 303:1374–1378.
- Nusse R. 2005. Wnt signaling in disease and in development. Cell Res. 15:28–32.
- Pan W, et al. 2008. Wnt3a-mediated formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates LRP6 phosphorylation. Science 321:1350–1353.
- Perry WL, et al. 1998. The itchy locus encodes a novel ubiquitin protein ligase that is disrupted in a18H mice. Nat. Genet. 18:143–146.
- Qin Y, Li L, Pan W, Wu D. 2009. Regulation of phosphatidylinositol kinases and metabolism by Wnt3a and Dvl. J. Biol. Chem. 284:22544–22548.
- Qiu L, et al. 2000. Recognition and ubiquitination of Notch by Itch, a hect-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. J. Biol. Chem. 275:35734–35737.
- Rossi M, et al. 2006. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch controls the protein stability of p63. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:12753–12758.
- Rossi M, et al. 2005. The ubiquitin-protein ligase Itch regulates p73 stability. EMBO J. 24:836–848.
- Rothbacher U, et al. 2000. Dishevelled phosphorylation, subcellular localization and multimerization regulate its role in early embryogenesis. EMBO J. 19:1010–1022.
- Schwarz SE, Rosa JL, Scheffner M. 1998. Characterization of human hect domain family members and their interaction with UbcH5 and UbcH7. J. Biol. Chem. 273:12148–12154.
- Sharma J, Mulherkar S, Mukherjee D, Jana NR. 2012. Malin regulates Wnt signalling pathway through degradation of dishevelled 2. J. Biol. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.315135.
- Song DH, Sussman DJ, Seldin DC. 2000. Endogenous protein kinase CK2 participates in Wnt signaling in mammary epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275:23790–23797.
- Su CH, et al. 2011. Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473 is required for CHIP-mediated ubiquitination of the kinase. Cell. Signal. 23:1824–1830.
- Sun TQ, et al. 2001. PAR-1 is a Dishevelled-associated kinase and a positive regulator of Wnt signalling. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:628–636.
- Torres MA, Nelson WJ. 2000. Colocalization and redistribution of dishevelled and actin during Wnt-induced mesenchymal morphogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 149:1433–1442.
- Varelas X, et al. 2010. The Hippo pathway regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Dev. Cell 18:579–591.
- Yanfeng WA, et al. 2011. Functional dissection of phosphorylation of Disheveled in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 360:132–142.