LINE-1 ORF1 Protein Localizes in Stress Granules with Other RNA-Binding Proteins, Including Components of RNA Interference RNA-Induced Silencing Complex

REFERENCES

• Anderson, P., and N. Kedersha. 2006. RNA granules. J. Cell Biol. 172:803–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basame, S., P. Wai-lun Li, G. Howard, D. Branciforte, D. Keller, and S. L. Martin. 2005. Spatial assembly and RNA binding stoichiometry of a LINE-1 protein essential for retrotransposition. J. Mol. Evol. 357:351–357.
   Google Scholar
• Belgnaoui, S. M., R. G. Gosden, O. J. Semmes, and A. Haoudi. 2006. Human LINE-1 retrotransposon induces DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int. 6:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beliakova-Bethell, N., C. Beckam, T. H. Giddings, Jr., M. Winey, R. Parker, and S. Sandmeyer. 2006. Virus-like particles of the Ty3 retrotransposon assemble in association with P-body components. RNA 12:94–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogerd, H. P., H. L. Wiegand, A. E. Hulme, J. L. Garcia-Perez, K. S. O'Shea, J. V. Moran, and B. R. Cullen. 2006. Cellular inhibitors of long interspersed element 1 and Alu retrotransposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:8780–8785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branciforte, D., and S. L. Martin. 1994. Developmental and cell type specificity of LINE-1 expression in mouse testis: implications for transposition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2584–2592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouha, B., J. Schustak, R. M. Badge, S. Lutz-Prigge, A. H. Farley, J. V. Moran, and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. 2003. Hot L1s account for the bulk of retrotransposition in the human population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:5280–5285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzdin, A., E. Gogvadze, E. Kovalskaya, P. Volchkov, S. Ustyugova, A. Illarionova, A. Fushan, T. Vinogradova, and E. Sverdlov. 2003. The human genome contains many types of chimeric retrogenes generated through in vivo RNA recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:4385–4390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caudy, A. A., M. Myers, G. J. Hannon, and S. M. Hammond. 2002. Fragile X-related protein and VIG associate with the RNA interference machinery. Genes Dev. 16:2491–2496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chansky, H. A., M. Hu, D. D. Hickstein, and L. Yang. 2001. Oncogenic TLS/ERG and EWS/Fli-1 fusion proteins inhibit RNA splicing mediated by YB-1 protein. Cancer Res. 61:3586–3590.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiu, Y. L., H. E. Witkowska, S. C. Hall, M. Santiago, V. B. Soros, C. Esnault, T. Heidmann, and W. C. Greene. 2006. High-molecular-mass APOBEC3G complexes restrict Alu retrotransposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:15588–15593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cokol, M., R. Nair, and B. Rost. 2000. Finding nuclear localization signals. EMBO Rep. 1:411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, Y., N. Kedersha, L. W. Low, D. Romo, M. Gorospe, K. Randal, P. Anderson, and J. O. Liu. 2006. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α-independent pathway of stress granule induction by the natural product pateamine A. J. Biol. Chem. 281:32870–32878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degracia, D. J., and B. R. Hu. 2006. Irreversible translation arrest in the reperfused brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27:875–893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvernell, D. D., and B. J. Turner. 1998. Swimmer 1, a new low-copy-number LINE family in teleost genomes with sequence similarity to mammalian L1. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15:1791–1793.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ergün, S., C. Buschmann, J. Heukeshoven, K. Dammann, F. Schnieders, H. Lauke, F. Chalajour, N. Kilic, W. H. Stratling, and G. G. Schumann. 2004. Cell type-specific expression of LINE-1 open reading frames 1 and 2 in fetal and adult human tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 279:27753–27763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Esnault, C., J. Maestre, and T. Heidmann. 2000. Human LINE retrotransposons generate processed pseudogenes. Nat. Genet. 24:363–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evdokimova, V. M., C. L. We, A. S. Sitikov, P. N. Simonenko, O. A. Lazarev, K. S. Vasilenko, V. A. Ustinov, J. W. Hershey, and L. P. Ovchinnikov. 1995. The major protein of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in somatic cells is a member of the Y-box binding transcription factor family. J. Biol. Chem. 270:3186–3192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleckner, J., M. Zhang, J. Valcarcel, and M. R. Green. 1997. U2AF65 recruits a novel human DEAD box protein required for the U2 snRNP-branchpoint interaction. Genes Dev. 11:1864–1872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallois-Montbrun, S., B. Kramer, C. M. Swanson, H. Byers, S. Lynham, M. Ward, and M. H. Malim. 2006. The antiviral protein APOBEC3G localizes to ribonucleoprotein complexes found in P-bodies and stress granules. J. Virol. 81:2165–2178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallouzi, I. E., C. M. Brennan, M. G. Stenberg, M. S. Swanson, A. Eversole, N. Maizels, and J. A. Steitz. 2000. HuR binding to cytoplasmic mRNA is perturbed by heat shock. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3073–3078.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gasior, S. L., T. P. Wakeman, B. Xu, and P. L. Deininger. 2006. The human LINE-1 retrotransposon creates DNA double-strand breaks. J. Mol. Biol. 357:1383–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, N., S. Lutz, T. A. Morrish, and J. V. Moran. 2005. Multiple fates of L1 retrotransposition intermediates in cultured human cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:7780–7795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilks, N., N. Kedersha, M. Ayodele, L. Shen, G. Stoecklin, L. M. Dember, and P. Anderson. 2004. Stress granule assembly is mediated by prion-like aggregation of TIA-1. Mol. Biol. Cell 15:5383–5398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodier, J. L., E. M. Ostertag, K. A. Engleka, M. C. Seleme, and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. 2004. A potential role for the nucleolus in L1 retrotransposition. Hum. Mol. Genet. 13:1041–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guil, S., J. C. Long, and J. F. Caceres. 2006. hnRNP A1 relocalization to the stress granules reflects a role in the stress response. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:5744–5758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, J. S., and J. D. Boeke. 2005. LINE-1 retrotransposons: modulators of quantity and quality of mammalian gene expression? Bioessays 27:775–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, J. H., W. M. Dlakic, M. Dlakic, and T. D. Gelehrter. 2001. Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel RNA-binding protein that interacts with the cyclic nucleotide-responsive sequence in the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 276:3341–3347.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hohjoh, H., and M. F. Singer. 1997. Ribonuclease and high salt sensitivity of the ribonucleoprotein complex formed by the human LINE-1 retrotransposon. J. Mol. Biol. 271:7–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes, S. E., M. F. Singer, and G. D. Swergold. 1992. Studies on p40, the leucine zipper motif-containing protein encoded by the first open reading frame of an active human LINE-1 transposable element. J. Biol. Chem. 267:19765–19768.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reference deleted.
   Google Scholar
• Horton, P., K.-J. Park, T. Obayashi, and K. Nakai. 2006. Protein subcellular localization prediction with WoLF PSORT. Proc. 4th Ann. Asia Pacific Bioinformatics Conference APBC06, Taipei, p. 39–48.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y., and J. A. Steitz. 2001. Splicing factors SRp20 and 9G8 promote the nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNA. Mol. Cell 7:899–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y., R. Gattoni, J. Stevenin, and J. A. Steitz. 2003. SR splicing factors serve as adapter proteins for TAP-dependent mRNA export. Mol. Cell 11:837–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409:860–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, H. Y., S. A. Wek, B. C. McGrath, D. Lu, T. Hai, H. P. Harding, X. Wang, D. Ron, D. R. Cavener, and R. C. Wek. 2004. Activating transcription factor 3 is integral to the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinase stress response. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:1365–1377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, P., D. C. Zarnescu, S. Ceman, M. Nakamoto, J. Mowrey, T. A. Jongens, D. L. Nelson, K. Moses, and S. T. Warren. 2004. Biochemical and genetic interaction between the fragile X mental retardation protein and the microRNA pathway. Nat. Neurosci. 7:113–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanellopoulou, C., S. A. Muljo, A. L. Kung, S. Ganesan, R. Drapkin, T. Jenuwein, D. M. Livingston, and K. Rajewsky. 2005. Dicer-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells are defective in differentiation and centromeric silencing. Genes Dev. 19:489–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapadia, F., A. Pryor, T. H. Chang, and L. F. Johnson. 2006. Nuclear localization of poly(A)+ mRNA following siRNA reduction of expression of the mammalian RNA helicases UAP56 and URH49. Gene 384:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedersha, N. L., M. Gupta, W. Li, I. Miller, and P. Anderson. 1999. RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR link the phosphorylation of eIF-2α to the assembly of mammalian stress granules. J. Cell Biol. 147:1431–1441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedersha, N., M. R. Cho, W. Li, P. W. Yacono, S. Chen, N. Gilks, D. E. Golan, and P. Anderson. 2000. Dynamic shuttling of TIA-1 accompanies the recruitment of mRNA to mammalian stress granules. J. Cell Biol. 151:1257–1268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedersha, N., G. Stoecklin, M. Ayodele, P. Yacono, J. Lykke-Andersen, M. J. Fritzler, D. Scheuner, R. J. Kaufman, D. E. Golan, and P. Anderson. 2005. Stress granules and processing bodies are dynamically linked sites of mRNP remodeling. J. Cell Biol. 169:871–884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. H., W. K. Dong, I. J. Weiler, and W. T. Greenough. 2006. Fragile X mental retardation protein shifts between polyribosomes and stress granules after neuronal injury by arsenite stress or in vivo hippocampal electrode insertion. J. Neurosci. 26:2413–2418.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohno, Y., Y. Matsuki, A. Tanimoto, H. Izumi, T. Uchiumi, K. Kohno, S. Shimajiri, and Y. Sasaguri. 2006. Expression of Y-box-binding protein dbpC/contrin, a potentially new cancer/testis antigen. Br. J. Cancer 94:710–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak, S. L., M. Marin, K. M. Rose, C. Bystrom, and D. Kabat. 2006. The anti-HIV-1 editing enzyme APOBEC3G binds HIV-1 RNA and messenger RNAs that shuttle between polysomes and stress granules. J. Biol. Chem. 281:29105–29119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulpa, D. A., and J. V. Moran. 2006. cis-preferential LINE-1 reverse transcriptase activity in ribonucleoprotein particles. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13:655–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• la Cour, T., L. Kiemer, A. Mølgaard, R. Gupta, K. Skriver, and S. Brunak. 2004. Analysis and prediction of leucine-rich nuclear export signals. Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17:527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibold, D. M., G. D. Swergold, M. F. Singer, R. E. Thayer, B. A. Dombroski, and T. G. Fanning. 1990. Translation of LINE-1 DNA elements in vitro and in human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6990–6994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos, T. A., and J. Kobarg. 2006. CGI-55 interacts with nuclear proteins and co-localizes to p80-coilin positive-coiled bodies in the nucleus. Cell. Biochem. Biophys. 44:463–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung, A. K., J. M. Calabrese, and P. A. Sharp. 2006. Quantitative analysis of Argonaute protein reveals microRNA-dependent localization to stress granules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:18125–18130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Y. Li, N. Kedersha, P. Anderson, M. Emara, K. M. Swiderek, G. T. Moreno, and M. A. Brinton. 2002. Cell proteins TIA-1 and TIAR interact with the 3′ stem-loop of the West Nile virus complementary minus-strand RNA and facilitate virus replication. J. Virol. 76:11989–12000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S. S., M. H. Nymark-McMahon, L. Yieh, and S. B. Sandmeyer. 2001. Integrase mediates nuclear localization of Ty3. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:7826–7838.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindtner, S., B. K. Felber, and J. Kjems. 2002. An element in the 3′ untranslated region of human LINE-1 retrotransposon mRNA binds NXF1(TAP) and can function as a nuclear export element. RNA 8:345–356.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, J., M. A. Valencia-Sanchez, G. J. Hannon, and R. Parker. 2005. MicroRNA-dependent localization of targeted mRNAs to mammalian P-bodies. Nat. Cell Biol. 7:719–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., F. V. Rivas, J. Wohlschlegel, J. R. Yates III, R. Parker, and G. J. Hannon. 2005. A role for the P-body component GW182 in microRNA function. Nat. Cell. Biol. 7:1261–1266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luan, D. D., and T. H. Eickbush. 1995. RNA template requirements for target DNA-primed reverse transcription by the R2 retrotransposable element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3882–3891.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luo, Y., and S. Li. 2007. Genome-wide analyses of retrogenes derived from the human box H/ACA snoRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 35:559–571.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin, S. L. 1991. Ribonucleoprotein particles with LINE-1 RNA in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4804–4807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. L., and D. Branciforte. 1993. Synchronous expression of LINE-1 RNA and protein in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5383–5392.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin, S. L., J. Li, and J. A. Weisz. 2000. Deletion analysis defines distinct functional domains for protein-protein and nucleic acid interactions in the ORF1 protein of mouse LINE-1. J. Mol. Biol. 304:11–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin, S. L., D. Branciforte, D. Keller, and D. L. Bain. 2003. Trimeric structure for an essential protein in L1 retrotransposition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:13815–13820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, S. L., M. Cruceanu, D. Branciforte, P. W.-L. Li, S. C. Kwok, R. S. Hodges, and M. C. Williams. 2005. LINE-1 retrotransposition requires the nucleic acid chaperone activity of the ORF1 protein. J. Mol. Biol. 348:549–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazroui, R., M. E. Huot, S. Tremblay, C. Filion, Y. Labelle, and E. W. Khandjian. 2002. Trapping of messenger RNA by Fragile X Mental Retardation protein into cytoplasmic granules induces translation repression. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:3007–3017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen, E., N. Kedersha, B. Song, D. Scheuner, N. Gilks, A. Han, J. J. Chen, R. Anderson, and R. J. Kaufman. 2005. Heme-regulated inhibitor kinase-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 inhibits translation, induces stress granule formation, and mediates survival upon arsenite exposure. J. Biol. Chem. 280:16925–16933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, J. V., S. E. Holmes, T. P. Naas, R. J. DeBerardinis, J. D. Boeke, and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. 1996. High frequency retrotransposition in cultured mammalian cells. Cell 87:917–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourelatos, Z., J. Dostie, S. Paushkin, A. Sharma, B. Charroux, L. Abel, J. Rappsilber, M. Mann, and G. Dreyfuss. 2002. miRNPs: a novel class of ribonucleoproteins containing numerous micro-RNAs. Genes Dev. 16:720–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muckenfuss, H., M. Hamdorf, U. Held, M. Perkovic, J. Lower, K. Cichutek, E. Flory, G. G. Schumann, and C. Munk. 2006. APOBEC3 proteins inhibit human LINE-1 retrotransposition. J. Biol. Chem. 281:22161–22172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai, R. S., S. N. Bhattacharyya, C. G. Artus, T. Zoller, N. Cougot, E. Basyuk, E. Bertrand, and W. Filipowicz. 2005. Inhibition of translational initiation by Let-7 microRNA in human cells. Science 309:1573–1576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryor, A., L. Tung, Z. Yang, F. Kapadia, T.-H. Chang, and L. F. Johnson. 2004. Growth-regulated expression and G0-specific turnover of the mRNA that encodes URH49, a mammalian DExH/D box protein that is highly related to the mRNA export protein UAP56. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:1567–1865.
   Google Scholar
• Rehwinkel, J., I. Behm-Ansmant, D. Gatfield, and E. Izaurralde. 2005. A crucial role for GW182 and the DCP1:DCP2 decapping complex in miRNA-mediated gene silencing. RNA 11:1640–1647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, G. L., and H. M. Blau. 2005. Argonaute 2/RISC resides in sites of mammalian mRNA decay known as cytoplasmic bodies. Nat. Cell Biol. 7:633–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinibaldi-Vallebona, P., P. Lavia, E. Garaci, and C. Spadafora. 2006. A role for endogenous reverse transcriptase in tumorigenesis and as a target in differentiating cancer therapy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 45:1–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soifer, H. S., A. Zaragoza, M. Peyvan, M. A. Behlke, and J. J. Rossi. 2005. A potential role for RNA interference in controlling the activity of the human LINE-1 retrotransposon. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:846–856.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommerville, J., and M. Ladomery. 1996. Masking of mRNA by Y-box proteins. FASEB J. 10:435–443.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stenglein, M. D., and R. S. Harris. 2006. APOBEC3B and APOBEC3F inhibit L1 retrotransposition by a DNA deamination-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 281:16837–16841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasser, K., and E. Hurt. 2001. Splicing factor Sub2p is required for nuclear mRNA export through its interaction with Yra1p. Nature 413:648–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura, T., K. Sakurai, and Y. Nagano. 2006. Intracellular characterization of DDX39, a novel growth-associated RNA helicase. Exp. Cell. Res. 313:782–790.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teysset, L., V. D. Dang, M. K. Kim, and H. L. Levin. 2003. A long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon of Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses a Gag-like protein that assembles into virus-like particles which mediate reverse transcription. J. Virol. 77:5451–5463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tourriere, H., K. Chebli, L. Zekri, B. Courseland, J. M. Blanchard, E. Bertrand, and J. Tazi. 2003. The RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP assembles stress granules. J. Cell Biol. 160:823–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vagin, V. V., M. S. Klenov, A. I. Kalmykova, A. D. Stolyarenko, R. N. Kotelnikov, and V. A. Gvozdev. 2004. The RNA interference proteins and Vasa locus are involved in the silencing of retrotransposons in the female germline of Drosophila melanogaster. RNA Biol. 1:54–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vasudevan, S., and J. A. Steitz. 2007. AU-rich element-mediated upregulation of translation by FXR1 and Argonaute 2. Cell 128:1105–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, M. J. 2006. Mammalian small nucleolar RNAs are mobile genetic elements. PLoS Genet. 2:e205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, W., N. Gilbert, S. L. Ooi, J. F. Lawler, E. M. Ostertag, H. H. Kazazian, J. D. Boeke, and J. V. Moran. 2001. Human L1 retrotransposition: cis preference versus trans complementation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:1429–1439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong, Y., W. D. Burke, J. L. Jakubczak, and T. H. Eickbush. 1988. Ribosomal DNA insertion elements R1Bm and R2Bm can transpose in a sequence specific manner to locations outside the 28S genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:10561–10573.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang, N., and H. H. Kazazian, Jr. 2006. L1 retrotransposition is suppressed by endogenously encoded small interfering RNAs in human cultured cells. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13:763–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoder, J. A., C. P. Walsh, and T. H. Bestor. 1997. Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites. Trends Genet. 13:335–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z., P. M. Harrison, Y. Liu, and M. Gerstein. 2003. Millions of years of evolution preserved: a comprehensive catalog of the processed pseudogenes in the human genome. Genome Res. 13:2541–2558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinszner, H., R. Albalat, and D. Ron. 1994. A novel effector domain from the RNA-binding protein TLS or EWS is required for oncogenic transformation by CHOP. Genes Dev. 8:2513–2526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar