59
Views
153
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Single and Combined Silencing of ERK1 and ERK2 Reveals Their Positive Contribution to Growth Signaling Depending on Their Expression Levels

, &
Pages 511-527 | Received 07 May 2007, Accepted 11 Oct 2007, Published online: 27 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Adachi, M., M. Fukuda, and E. Nishida. 2000. Nuclear export of MAP kinase (ERK) involves a MAP kinase kinase (MEK)-dependent active transport mechanism. J. Cell Biol. 148:849-856. (Erratum, 149:754, 2000.)
  • Aebersold, D. M., Y. D. Shaul, Y. Yung, N. Yarom, Z. Yao, T. Hanoch, and R. Seger. 2004. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1c (ERK1c), a novel 42-kilodalton ERK, demonstrates unique modes of regulation, localization, and function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:10000–10015.
  • Agrawal, A., S. Dillon, T. L. Denning, and B. Pulendran. 2006. ERK1−/− mice exhibit Th1 cell polarization and increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 176:5788–5796.
  • Aury, J. M., O. Jaillon, L. Duret, B. Noel, C. Jubin, B. M. Porcel, B. Segurens, V. Daubin, V. Anthouard, N. Aiach, O. Arnaiz, A. Billaut, J. Beisson, I. Blanc, K. Bouhouche, F. Camara, S. Duharcourt, R. Guigo, D. Gogendeau, M. Katinka, A. M. Keller, R. Kissmehl, C. Klotz, F. Koll, A. Le Mouel, G. Lepere, S. Malinsky, M. Nowacki, J. K. Nowak, H. Plattner, J. Poulain, F. Ruiz, V. Serrano, M. Zagulski, P. Dessen, M. Betermier, J. Weissenbach, C. Scarpelli, V. Schachter, L. Sperling, E. Meyer, J. Cohen, and P. Wincker. 2006. Global trends of whole-genome duplications revealed by the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. Nature 444:171–178.
  • Berra, E., E. Benizri, A. Ginouves, V. Volmat, D. Roux, and J. Pouyssegur. 2003. HIF prolyl-hydroxylase 2 is the key oxygen sensor setting low steady-state levels of HIF-1alpha in normoxia. EMBO J. 22:4082–4090.
  • Bilton, R., N. Mazure, E. Trottier, M. Hattab, M. A. Dery, D. E. Richard, J. Pouyssegur, and M. C. Brahimi-Horn. 2005. Arrest-defective-1 protein, an acetyltransferase, does not alter stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and is not induced by hypoxia or HIF. J. Biol. Chem. 280:31132–31140.
  • Bost, F., M. Aouadi, L. Caron, P. Even, N. Belmonte, M. Prot, C. Dani, P. Hofman, G. Pages, J. Pouyssegur, Y. Le Marchand-Brustel, and B. Binetruy. 2005. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase isoform ERK1 is specifically required for in vitro and in vivo adipogenesis. Diabetes 54:402–411.
  • Boulton, T. G., S. H. Nye, D. J. Robbins, N. Y. Ip, E. Radziejewska, S. D. Morgenbesser, R. A. DePinho, N. Panayotatos, M. H. Cobb, and G. D. Yancopoulos. 1991. ERKs: a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF. Cell 65:663–675.
  • Bourcier, C., A. Jacquel, J. Hess, I. Peyrottes, P. Angel, P. Hofman, P. Auberger, J. Pouyssegur, and G. Pages. 2006. p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1)-dependent signaling contributes to epithelial skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 66:2700–2707.
  • Brummelkamp, T. R., R. Bernards, and R. Agami. 2002. A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science 296:550–553.
  • Burdon, T., C. Stracey, I. Chambers, J. Nichols, and A. Smith. 1999. Suppression of SHP-2 and ERK signalling promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Dev. Biol. 210:30–43.
  • Corpet, F. 1988. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:10881–10890.
  • Di Benedetto, B., C. Hitz, S. M. Holter, R. Kuhn, D. M. Vogt Weisenhorn, and W. Wurst. 2007. Differential mRNA distribution of components of the ERK/MAPK signalling cascade in the adult mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:542–556.
  • Fischer, A. M., C. D. Katayama, G. Pages, J. Pouyssegur, and S. M. Hedrick. 2005. The role of erk1 and erk2 in multiple stages of T cell development. Immunity 23:431–443.
  • Fremin, C., F. Ezan, P. Boisselier, A. Bessard, G. Pages, J. Pouyssegur, and G. Baffet. 2007. ERK2 but not ERK1 plays a key role in hepatocyte replication: an RNAi-mediated ERK2 knockdown approach in wild-type and ERK1 null hepatocytes. Hepatology 45:1035–1045.
  • Fujioka, A., K. Terai, R. E. Itoh, K. Aoki, T. Nakamura, S. Kuroda, E. Nishida, and M. Matsuda. 2006. Dynamics of the Ras/ERK MAPK cascade as monitored by fluorescent probes. J. Biol. Chem. 281:8917–8926.
  • Fukuda, M., Y. Gotoh, and E. Nishida. 1997. Interaction of MAP kinase with MAP kinase kinase: its possible role in the control of nucleocytoplasmic transport of MAP kinase. EMBO J. 16:1901–1908.
  • Hatano, N., Y. Mori, M. Oh-hora, A. Kosugi, T. Fujikawa, N. Nakai, H. Niwa, J. Miyazaki, T. Hamaoka, and M. Ogata. 2003. Essential role for ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in placental development. Genes Cells 8:847–856.
  • Her, J. H., S. Lakhani, K. Zu, J. Vila, P. Dent, T. W. Sturgill, and M. J. Weber. 1993. Dual phosphorylation and autophosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. Biochem. J. 296:25–31.
  • Hoshino, R., Y. Chatani, T. Yamori, T. Tsuruo, H. Oka, O. Yoshida, Y. Shimada, S. Ari-i, H. Wada, J. Fujimoto, and M. Kohno. 1999. Constitutive activation of the 41-/43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in human tumors. Oncogene 18:813–822.
  • Jaeschke, A., M. Karasarides, J. J. Ventura, A. Ehrhardt, C. Zhang, R. A. Flavell, K. M. Shokat, and R. J. Davis. 2006. JNK2 is a positive regulator of the cJun transcription factor. Mol. Cell 23:899–911.
  • Jaillon, O., J. M. Aury, F. Brunet, J. L. Petit, N. Stange-Thomann, E. Mauceli, L. Bouneau, C. Fischer, C. Ozouf-Costaz, A. Bernot, S. Nicaud, D. Jaffe, S. Fisher, G. Lutfalla, C. Dossat, B. Segurens, C. Dasilva, M. Salanoubat, M. Levy, N. Boudet, S. Castellano, V. Anthouard, C. Jubin, V. Castelli, M. Katinka, B. Vacherie, C. Biemont, Z. Skalli, L. Cattolico, J. Poulain, V. De Berardinis, C. Cruaud, S. Duprat, P. Brottier, J. P. Coutanceau, J. Gouzy, G. Parra, G. Lardier, C. Chapple, K. J. McKernan, P. McEwan, S. Bosak, M. Kellis, J. N. Volff, R. Guigo, M. C. Zody, J. Mesirov, K. Lindblad-Toh, B. Birren, C. Nusbaum, D. Kahn, M. Robinson-Rechavi, V. Laudet, V. Schachter, F. Quetier, W. Saurin, C. Scarpelli, P. Wincker, E. S. Lander, J. Weissenbach, and H. Roest Crollius. 2004. Genome duplication in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype. Nature 431:946–957.
  • Kosako, H., E. Nishida, and Y. Gotoh. 1993. cDNA cloning of MAP kinase kinase reveals kinase cascade pathways in yeasts to vertebrates. EMBO J. 12:787–794.
  • Lein, E. S., M. J. Hawrylycz, N. Ao, M. Ayres, A. Bensinger, A. Bernard, A. F. Boe, M. S. Boguski, K. S. Brockway, E. J. Byrnes, L. Chen, L. Chen, T. M. Chen, M. C. Chin, J. Chong, B. E. Crook, A. Czaplinska, C. N. Dang, S. Datta, N. R. Dee, A. L. Desaki, T. Desta, E. Diep, T. A. Dolbeare, M. J. Donelan, H. W. Dong, J. G. Dougherty, B. J. Duncan, A. J. Ebbert, G. Eichele, L. K. Estin, C. Faber, B. A. Facer, R. Fields, S. R. Fischer, T. P. Fliss, C. Frensley, S. N. Gates, K. J. Glattfelder, K. R. Halverson, M. R. Hart, J. G. Hohmann, M. P. Howell, D. P. Jeung, R. A. Johnson, P. T. Karr, R. Kawal, J. M. Kidney, R. H. Knapik, C. L. Kuan, J. H. Lake, A. R. Laramee, K. D. Larsen, C. Lau, T. A. Lemon, A. J. Liang, Y. Liu, L. T. Luong, J. Michaels, J. J. Morgan, R. J. Morgan, M. T. Mortrud, N. F. Mosqueda, L. L. Ng, R. Ng, G. J. Orta, C. C. Overly, T. H. Pak, S. E. Parry, S. D. Pathak, O. C. Pearson, R. B. Puchalski, Z. L. Riley, H. R. Rockett, S. A. Rowland, J. J. Royall, M. J. Ruiz, N. R. Sarno, K. Schaffnit, N. V. Shapovalova, T. Sivisay, C. R. Slaughterbeck, S. C. Smith, K. A. Smith, B. I. Smith, A. J. Sodt, N. N. Stewart, K. R. Stumpf, S. M. Sunkin, M. Sutram, A. Tam, C. D. Teemer, C. Thaller, C. L. Thompson, L. R. Varnam, A. Visel, R. M. Whitlock, P. E. Wohnoutka, C. K. Wolkey, V. Y. Wong, et al. 2007. Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain. Nature 445:168–176.
  • Lenormand, P., C. Sardet, G. Pagès, G. L'Allemain, A. Brunet, and J. Pouysségur. 1993. Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42maPk and p44mapk) but not of their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 122:1079–1089.
  • Li, J., and S. E. Johnson. 2006. ERK2 is required for efficient terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345:1425–1433.
  • Liu, X., S. Yan, T. Zhou, Y. Terada, and R. L. Erikson. 2004. The MAP kinase pathway is required for entry into mitosis and cell survival. Oncogene 23:763–776.
  • Mazzucchelli, C., C. Vantaggiato, A. Ciamei, S. Fasano, P. Pakhotin, W. Krezel, H. Welzl, D. P. Wolfer, G. Pages, O. Valverde, A. Marowsky, A. Porrazzo, P. C. Orban, R. Maldonado, M. U. Ehrengruber, V. Cestari, H. P. Lipp, P. F. Chapman, J. Pouyssegur, and R. Brambilla. 2002. Knockout of ERK1 MAP kinase enhances synaptic plasticity in the striatum and facilitates striatal-mediated learning and memory. Neuron 34:807–820.
  • Morgenstern, J. P., and H. Land. 1990. A series of mammalian expression vectors and characterisation of their expression of a reporter gene in stably and transiently transfected cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1068.
  • Nekrasova, T., C. Shive, Y. Gao, K. Kawamura, R. Guardia, G. Landreth, and T. G. Forsthuber. 2005. ERK1-deficient mice show normal T cell effector function and are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 175:2374–2380.
  • Ortiz, J., H. W. Harris, X. Guitart, R. Z. Terwilliger, J. W. Haycock, and E. J. Nestler. 1995. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and ERK kinase (MEK) in brain: regional distribution and regulation by chronic morphine. J. Neurosci. 15:1285–1297.
  • Pages, G., S. Guerin, D. Grall, F. Bonino, A. Smith, F. Anjuere, P. Auberger, and J. Pouyssegur. 1999. Defective thymocyte maturation in p44 MAP kinase (Erk 1) knockout mice. Science 286:1374–1377.
  • Pages, G., P. Lenormand, G. L'Allemain, J. C. Chambard, S. Meloche, and J. Pouyssegur. 1993. Mitogen-activated protein kinases p42mapk and p44mapk are required for fibroblast proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8319–8323.
  • Pouyssegur, J., V. Volmat, and P. Lenormand. 2002. Fidelity and spatio-temporal control in MAP kinase (ERKs) signalling. Biochem. Pharmacol. 64:755–763.
  • Pullikuth, A., E. McKinnon, H. J. Schaeffer, and A. D. Catling. 2005. The MEK1 scaffolding protein MP1 regulates cell spreading by integrating PAK1 and Rho signals. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:5119–5133.
  • Saba-El-Leil, M. K., F. D. Vella, B. Vernay, L. Voisin, L. Chen, N. Labrecque, S. L. Ang, and S. Meloche. 2003. An essential function of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk2 in mouse trophoblast development. EMBO Rep. 4:964–968.
  • Sabapathy, K., K. Hochedlinger, S. Y. Nam, A. Bauer, M. Karin, and E. F. Wagner. 2004. Distinct roles for JNK1 and JNK2 in regulating JNK activity and c-Jun-dependent cell proliferation. Mol. Cell 15:713–725.
  • Sanjo, H., M. Hikida, Y. Aiba, Y. Mori, N. Hatano, M. Ogata, and T. Kurosaki. 2007. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 is required for efficient generation of B cells bearing antigen-specific immunoglobulin g. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:1236–1246.
  • Schaeffer, H. J., A. D. Catling, S. T. Eblen, L. S. Collier, A. Krauss, and M. J. Weber. 1998. MP1: a MEK binding partner that enhances enzymatic activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Science 281:1668–1671.
  • Selcher, J. C., T. Nekrasova, R. Paylor, G. E. Landreth, and J. D. Sweatt. 2001. Mice lacking the ERK1 isoform of MAP kinase are unimpaired in emotional learning. Learn. Mem. 8:11–19.
  • Steinmetz, R., H. A. Wagoner, P. Zeng, J. R. Hammond, T. S. Hannon, J. L. Meyers, and O. H. Pescovitz. 2004. Mechanisms regulating the constitutive activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in ovarian cancer and the effect of ribonucleic acid interference for ERK1/2 on cancer cell proliferation. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:2570–2582.
  • Tanoue, T., M. Adachi, T. Moriguchi, and E. Nishida. 2000. A conserved docking motif in MAP kinases common to substrates, activators and regulators. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:110–116.
  • Tanoue, T., R. Maeda, M. Adachi, and E. Nishida. 2001. Identification of a docking groove on ERK and p38 MAP kinases that regulates the specificity of docking interactions. EMBO J. 20:466–479.
  • Teis, D., N. Taub, R. Kurzbauer, D. Hilber, M. E. de Araujo, M. Erlacher, M. Offterdinger, A. Villunger, S. Geley, G. Bohn, C. Klein, M. W. Hess, and L. A. Huber. 2006. p14-MP1-MEK1 signaling regulates endosomal traffic and cellular proliferation during tissue homeostasis. J. Cell Biol. 175:861–868.
  • Tournier, C., P. Hess, D. D. Yang, J. Xu, T. K. Turner, A. Nimnual, D. Bar-Sagi, S. N. Jones, R. A. Flavell, and R. J. Davis. 2000. Requirement of JNK for stress-induced activation of the cytochrome c-mediated death pathway. Science 288:870–874.
  • Vandepoele, K., W. De Vos, J. S. Taylor, A. Meyer, and Y. Van de Peer. 2004. Major events in the genome evolution of vertebrates: paranome age and size differ considerably between ray-finned fishes and land vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:1638–1643.
  • Vantaggiato, C., I. Formentini, A. Bondanza, C. Bonini, L. Naldini, and R. Brambilla. 2006. ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases affect Ras-dependent cell signaling differentially. J. Biol. 5:14.
  • Vomastek, T., H. J. Schaeffer, A. Tarcsafalvi, M. E. Smolkin, E. A. Bissonette, and M. J. Weber. 2004. Modular construction of a signaling scaffold: MORG1 interacts with components of the ERK cascade and links ERK signaling to specific agonists. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:6981–6986.
  • Wang, X., and B. Seed. 2003. A PCR primer bank for quantitative gene expression analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:e154.
  • Wunderlich, W., I. Fialka, D. Teis, A. Alpi, A. Pfeifer, R. G. Parton, F. Lottspeich, and L. A. Huber. 2001. A novel 14-kilodalton protein interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold mp1 on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. J. Cell Biol. 152:765–776.
  • Yao, Y., W. Li, J. Wu, U. A. Germann, M. S. Su, K. Kuida, and D. M. Boucher. 2003. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 is necessary for mesoderm differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:12759–12764.
  • Yoon, S., and R. Seger. 2006. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase: multiple substrates regulate diverse cellular functions. Growth Factors 24:21–44.
  • Zeng, P., H. A. Wagoner, O. H. Pescovitz, and R. Steinmetz. 2005. RNA interference (RNAi) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) alone is sufficient to suppress cell viability in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Biol. Ther. 4:961–967.
  • Zheng, G., and G. Lyons. 2002. Cyclosporin A improves the selection of cells transfected with the puromycin acetyltransferase gene. BioTechniques 33:32–36.
  • Zhou, G., Z. Q. Bao, and J. E. Dixon. 1995. Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12665–12669.
  • Zhou, T., L. Sun, J. Humphreys, and E. J. Goldsmith. 2006. Docking interactions induce exposure of activation loop in the MAP kinase ERK2. Structure 14:1011–1019.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.