Antagonistic Regulation of β-Globin Gene Expression by Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins USF and TFII-I

REFERENCES

• Armstrong, J. A., J. J. Bieker, and B. M. Emerson. 1998. A SWI/SNF related chromatin remodeling complex, E-RC1, is required for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by EKLF in vitro. Cell 95:93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender, M. A., J. N. Roach, J. Hallow, J. Close, R. Alami, E. E. Bouhassira, M. Groudine, and S. N. Fiering. 2001. Targeted deletion of 5′HS1 and 5′HS4 of the beta-globin locus control region reveals additive activity of the DNase I hypersensitive sites. Blood 98:2022–2027.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bieker, J. J. 2001. Kruppel-like factors: three fingers in many pies. J. Biol. Chem. 276:34355–34358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bresnick, E. H., and G. Felsenfeld. 1993. Evidence that the transcription factor USF is a component of the human beta-globin locus control region heteromeric protein complex. J. Biol. Chem. 268:18824–18834.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bulger, M., and M. Groudine. 1999. Looping versus linking: toward a model for long-distance gene activation. Genes Dev. 13:2465–2477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bungert, J., I. Kober, F. Düring, and K. H. Seifart. 1992. Transcription factor eUSF is an essential component of isolated transcription complexes on the duck histone H5 gene and it mediates the interaction of TFII-D with a TATA-deficient promoter. J. Mol. Biol. 223:885–898.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bungert, J., U. Dave, K.-C. Lim, K. H. Lieuw, J. A. Shavit, Q. Liu, and J. D. Engel. 1995. Synergistic regulation of human β-globin gene switching by locus control region elements HS3 and HS4. Genes Dev. 9:3083–3096.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Casado, M., V. S. Vallet, M. Kahn, and S. Vaulont. 1999. Essential role in vivo of upstream stimulatory factors for a normal dietary response of the fatty acid synthase gene in the liver. J. Biol. Chem. 274:2009–2013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheriyath, V., C. D. Novina, and A. L. Roy. 1998. TFII-I regulates Vβ promoter activity through an initiator element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:4444–4454.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, N., T. Trimborn, J. Strouboulis, P. Fraser, and F. Grosveld. 1997. The effect of distance on long-range chromatin interactions. Mol. Cell 1:131–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du, H., A. L. Roy, and R. G. Roeder. 1993. Human transcription factor USF stimulates transcription through the initiator elements of the HIV-1 and AdML promoters. EMBO J. 12:501–511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duan, Z., G. Stamatoyannopoulos, and Q. Li. 2001. Role of NF-Y in in vivo regulation of the γ-globin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:3083–3095.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elnitski, L., W. Miller, and R. Hardison. 1997. Conserved E-boxes function as part of the enhancer in hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region. Role of basic helix-loop-helix proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 272:369–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel, J. D., and K. Tanimoto. 2000. Looping, linking and chromatin activity: new insights into β-globin locus regulation. Cell 100:499–502.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiering, S., E. Epner, K. Robinson, Y. Zhuang, A. Telling, M. Hu, D. I. K. Martin, T. Enver, T. J. Ley, and M. Groudine. 1995. Targeted deletion of 5′HS2 of the murine β-globin LCR reveals that it is not essential for proper regulation of the β-like globin locus. Genes Dev. 9:2203–2213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillemans, N., R. Tewari, F. Lindeboom, R. Rottier, T. de Wit, M. Wijgerde, F. Grosveld, and S. Philipsen. 1998. Altered DNA-binding specificity mutants of EKLF and Sp1 show that EKLF is an activator of the beta-globin locus control region in vivo. Genes Dev. 12:2863–2873.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gribnau, J., K. Diderich, S. Pruzina, R. Calzolari, and P. Fraser. 2000. Intergenic transcription and developmental remodeling of chromatin structure in the human β-globin locus. Mol. Cell 5:377–386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grosveld, F., G. B. van Assendelft, D. R. Greaves, and G. Kollias. 1987. Position-independent, high-level expression of the human β-globin gene in transgenic mice. Cell 51:975–985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulf, T., P. Bellosta, M. Furrer, D. Steiger, D. Svensson, A. Barbour, and P. Gallant. 2005. Whole-genome analysis reveals a strong positional bias of conserved dMyc-dependent E-boxes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:3401–3410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kosak, S. T., and M. Groudine. 2004. Gene order and dynamic domains. Science 306:644–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, K. M., K. F. Vieira, S. H. Kang, A. Aslanian, M. Teichmann, R. G. Roeder, and J. Bungert. 2003. Characterization of the human β-globin downstream promoter region. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:1292–1301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levings, P. P., and J. Bungert. 2002. The human β-globin locus control region: a center of attraction. Eur. J. Biochem. 269:1589–1599.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levings, P. P., Z. Zhou, K. F. Vieira, V. J. Crusselle-Davis, and J. Bungert. 2006. Recruitment of transcription complexes to the β-globin locus control region and transcription of hypersensitive site 3 prior to erythroid differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. FEBS J. 273:746–755.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Massari, M. E., and C. Murre. 2000. Helix-loop-helix proteins: regulators of transcription in eukaryotic organisms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:429–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray, H. R., and D. J. McCance. 2003. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 activates TERT gene transcription through induction of c-Myc and release of USF-mediated repression. J. Virol. 77:9852–9861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor, J. 2005. The dynamics of chromatin remodeling at promoters. Mol. Cell 19:147–157.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milot, E., J. Strouboulis, T. Trimborn, M. Wijgerde, E. de Boer, A. Langeveld, K. Tan-un, W. Vergeer, N. Yannoutsos, F. Grosveld, and P. Fraser. 1996. Heterochromatin effects on the frequency and duration of LCR-mediated gene transcription. Cell 87:105–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Navas, P. A., K. R. Peterson, Q. Li, E. Skarpidi, A. Rohde, S. E. Shaw, C. H. Clegg, H. Asano, and G. Stamatoyannopoulos. 1998. Developmental specificity of the interaction between the locus control region and embryonic or fetal globin genes in transgenic mice with an HS3 core deletion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4188–4196.
   Google Scholar
• Ogura, Y., M. Azuma, Y. Tsuboi, Y. Kabe, Y. Yamaguchi, T. Wada, H. Watanabe, and H. Handa. 2006. TFII-I down-regulates a subset of estrogen-responsive genes through its interaction with an initiator element and estrogen receptor alpha. Genes Cells 11:373–381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orphanides, G., and D. Reinberg. 2002. A unified theory of gene expression. Cell 108:439–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, K. R., and G. Stamatoyannopoulos. 1993. Role of gene order in developmental control of human gamma- and beta-globin gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4836–4843.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson, K. R., C. H. Clegg, P. A. Navas, E. J. Norton, T. G. Kimbrough, and G. Stamatoyannopoulos. 1996. Effect of deletion of 5′ HS3 or 5′HS2 of the human beta-globin locus control region on the developmental regulation of globin gene expression in beta-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6605–6609.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson, K. R. 2003. Hemoglobin switching: new insights. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 10:123–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qyang, Y., X. Luo, T. Lu, P. M. Ismail, D. Krylov, C. Vinson, and M. Sawadogo. 1999. Cell-type-dependent activity of the ubiquitous transcription factor USF in cellular proliferation and transcriptional activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:1508–1517.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ribeiro, A., D. Pastier, D. Kardassis, J. Chambaz, and P. Cardot. 1999. Cooperative binding of upstream stimulatory factor and hepatic nuclear factor 4 drives the transcription of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1216–1225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy, A. L., H. Du, P. D. Gregor, C. D. Novina, E. Martinez, and R. G. Roeder. 1997. Cloning of an INR- and E-box binding protein, TFII-I, that interacts physically and functionally with USF1. EMBO J. 16:7091–7104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy, A. L., M. Meisterernst, P. Pognonec, and R. G. Roeder. 1991. Cooperative interaction of an initiator-binding transcription initiation factor. Nature 354:245–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stamatoyannopoulos, G., and A. Nienhuis. 1994. Hemoglobin switching, p 107–155. In G. Stamatoyannopoulos, A. Nienhuis, P. Majerus, and H. Varmus (ed.), The molecular basis of blood diseases. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa.
   Google Scholar
• Stamatoyannopoulos, G. 2005. Control of globin gene expression during development and erythroid differentiation. Exp. Hematol. 33:259–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanimoto, K., Q. Liu, F. Grosveld, J. Bungert, and J. D. Engel. 2000. Context dependent EKLF responsiveness defines the developmental specificity of the human ε-globin gene in erythroid cells of YAC transgenic mice. Genes Dev. 14:2778–2794.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanimoto, K., Q. Liu, J. Bungert, and J. D. Engel. 1999. Effects of altered gene order or orientation of the locus control region on human β-globin gene expression in mice. Nature 398:344–348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tuan, D., S. Kong, and K. Hu. 1992. Transcription of the HS2 enhancer in erythroid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11219–11223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tussie-Luna, M. I., D. Bayarsaihan, E. Seto, F. H. Ruddle, and A. L. Roy. 2002. Physical and functional interactions of histone deacetylase 3 with TFII-I family proteins and PIASxβ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:12807–12812.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vieira, K. F., P. P. Levings, M. A. Hill, V. J. Crusselle, S.-H. L. Kang, J. D. Engel, and J. Bungert. 2004. Recruitment of transcription complexes to the β-globin gene locus in vivo and in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 279:50350–50357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, Y. D., W. D. Cress, A. L. Roy, and E. Seto. 2003. Histone deacetylase 3 binds to and regulates the multifunctional transcription factor TFII-I. J. Biol. Chem. 278:1841–1847.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• West, A. G., S. Huang, M. Gaszner, M. D. Litt, and G. Felsenfeld. 2004. Recruitment of histone modifications by USF proteins at a vertebrate barrier element. Mol. Cell 16:453–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar