Delineation of the Protein Module That Anchors HMGN Proteins to Nucleosomes in the Chromatin of Living Cells

REFERENCES

• Abercrombie, B. D., G. G. Kneale, C. Crane-Robinson, E. M. Bradbury, G. H. Goodwin, J. M. Walker, and E. W. Johns. 1978. Studies on the conformational properties of the high-mobility-group chromosomal protein HMG 17 and its interaction with DNA. Eur. J. Biochem. 84:173–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alfonso, P. J., M. P. Crippa, J. J. Hayes, and M. Bustin. 1994. The footprint of chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17 on chromatin subunits. J. Mol. Biol. 236:189–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ausio, J., F. Dong, and K. E. van Holde. 1989. Use of selectively trypsinized nucleosome core particles to analyze the role of the histone “tails” in the stabilization of the nucleosome. J. Mol. Biol. 206:451–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, S. L. 2007. The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription. Nature 447:407–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, M. E., and A. Agresti. 2005. HMG proteins: dynamic players in gene regulation and differentiation. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15:496–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birger, Y., F. Catez, T. Furusawa, J. H. Lim, M. Prymakowska-Bosak, K. L. West, Y. V. Postnikov, D. C. Haines, and M. Bustin. 2005. Increased tumorigenicity and sensitivity to ionizing radiation upon loss of chromosomal protein HMGN1. Cancer Res. 65:6711–6718.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birger, Y., J. Davis, T. Furusawa, E. Rand, J. Piatigorsky, and M. Bustin. 2006. A role for chromosomal protein HMGN1 in corneal maturation. Differentiation 74:19–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birger, Y., K. L. West, Y. V. Postnikov, J. H. Lim, T. Furusawa, J. P. Wagner, C. S. Laufer, K. H. Kraemer, and M. Bustin. 2003. Chromosomal protein HMGN1 enhances the rate of DNA repair in chromatin. EMBO J. 22:1665–1675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blom, N., S. Gammeltoft, and S. Brunak. 1999. Sequence and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites. J. Mol. Biol. 294:1351–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustin, M. 2001. Chromatin unfolding and activation by HMGN(*) chromosomal proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:431–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustin, M. 1999. Regulation of DNA-dependent activities by the functional motifs of the high-mobility-group chromosomal proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:5237–5246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustin, M., F. Catez, and J. H. Lim. 2005. The dynamics of histone H1 function in chromatin. Mol. Cell 17:617–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catez, F., D. T. Brown, T. Misteli, and M. Bustin. 2002. Competition between histone H1 and HMGN proteins for chromatin binding sites. EMBO Rep. 3:760–766.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catez, F., H. Yang, K. J. Tracey, R. Reeves, T. Misteli, and M. Bustin. 2004. Network of dynamic interactions between histone H1 and high-mobility-group proteins in chromatin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:4321–4328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crippa, M. P., P. J. Alfonso, and M. Bustin. 1992. Nucleosome core binding region of chromosomal protein HMG-17 acts as an independent functional domain. J. Mol. Biol. 228:442–449.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fu, H., R. R. Subramanian, and S. C. Masters. 2000. 14-3-3 proteins: structure, function, and regulation. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 40:617–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furusawa, T., J. H. Lim, F. Catez, Y. Birger, S. Mackem, and M. Bustin. 2006. Down-regulation of nucleosomal binding protein HMGN1 expression during embryogenesis modulates Sox9 expression in chondrocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:592–604.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hock, R., T. Furusawa, T. Ueda, and M. Bustin. 2007. HMG chromosomal proteins in development and disease. Trends Cell Biol. 17:72–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouzarides, T. 2007. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell 128:693–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, B., M. Carey, and J. L. Workman. 2007. The role of chromatin during transcription. Cell 128:707–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, J. H., F. Catez, Y. Birger, Y. V. Postnikov, and M. Bustin. 2004. Preparation and functional analysis of HMGN proteins. Methods Enzymol. 375:323–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lim, J. H., F. Catez, Y. Birger, K. L. West, M. Prymakowska-Bosak, Y. V. Postnikov, and M. Bustin. 2004. Chromosomal protein HMGN1 modulates histone H3 phosphorylation. Mol. Cell 15:573–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, J. H., K. L. West, Y. Rubinstein, M. Bergel, Y. V. Postnikov, and M. Bustin. 2005. Chromosomal protein HMGN1 enhances the acetylation of lysine 14 in histone H3. EMBO J. 24:3038–3048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lippincott-Schwartz, J., E. Snapp, and A. Kenworthy. 2001. Studying protein dynamics in living cells. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:444–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardian, J. K., A. E. Paton, G. J. Bunick, and D. E. Olins. 1980. Nucleosome cores have two specific binding sites for nonhistone chromosomal proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17. Science 209:1534–1536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmorstein, R. 2001. Protein modules that manipulate histone tails for chromatin regulation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:422–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phair, R. D., and T. Misteli. 2000. High mobility of proteins in the mammalian cell nucleus. Nature 404:604–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phair, R. D., P. Scaffidi, C. Elbi, J. Vecerova, A. Dey, K. Ozato, D. T. Brown, G. Hager, M. Bustin, and T. Misteli. 2004. Global nature of dynamic protein-chromatin interactions in vivo: three-dimensional genome scanning and dynamic interaction networks of chromatin proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:6393–6402.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Postnikov, Y. V., G. I. Belova, J. H. Lim, and M. Bustin. 2006. Chromosomal protein HMGN1 modulates the phosphorylation of serine 1 in histone H2A. Biochemistry 45:15092–15099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Postnikov, Y. V., D. A. Lehn, R. C. Robinson, F. K. Friedman, J. Shiloach, and M. Bustin. 1994. The cooperative binding of chromosomal protein HMG-14 to nucleosome cores is reduced by single point mutations in the nucleosomal binding domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4520–4526.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prymakowska-Bosak, M., R. Hock, F. Catez, J. H. Lim, Y. Birger, H. Shirakawa, K. Lee, and M. Bustin. 2002. Mitotic phosphorylation of chromosomal protein HMGN1 inhibits nuclear import and promotes interaction with 14.3.3 proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:6809–6819.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prymakowska-Bosak, M., T. Misteli, J. E. Herrera, H. Shirakawa, Y. Birger, S. Garfield, and M. Bustin. 2001. Mitotic phosphorylation prevents the binding of HMGN proteins to chromatin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:5169–5178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shirakawa, H., D. Landsman, Y. V. Postnikov, and M. Bustin. 2000. NBP-45, a novel nucleosomal binding protein with a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression. J. Biol. Chem. 275:6368–6374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struhl, K. 1989. Helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger, and leucine-zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 14:137–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taverna, S. D., H. Li, A. J. Ruthenburg, C. D. Allis, and D. J. Patel. 2007. How chromatin-binding modules interpret histone modifications: lessons from professional pocket pickers. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14:1025–1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trieschmann, L., B. Martin, and M. Bustin. 1998. The chromatin unfolding domain of chromosomal protein HMG-14 targets the N-terminal tail of histone H3 in nucleosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5468–5473.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trieschmann, L., Y. V. Postnikov, A. Rickers, and M. Bustin. 1995. Modular structure of chromosomal proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17: definition of a transcriptional enhancement domain distinct from the nucleosomal binding domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6663–6669.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ueda, T., Y. V. Postnikov, and M. Bustin. 2006. Distinct domains in high mobility group N variants modulate specific chromatin modifications. J. Biol. Chem. 281:10182–10187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Holde, K. E. 1988. Chromatin. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Wakabayashi, K., S. Wang, G. Hord, and L. S. Hnilica. 1973. Tissue-specific nonhistone chromatin proteins with affinity for DNA. FEBS Lett. 32:46–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• West, K. L., Y. Ito, Y. Birger, Y. Postnikov, H. Shirakawa, and M. Bustin. 2001. HMGN3a and HMGN3b, two protein isoforms with a tissue-specific expression pattern, expand the cellular repertoire of nucleosome-binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 276:25959–25969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu, N., and U. Hansen. 2007. HMGN1 modulates estrogen-mediated transcriptional activation through interactions with specific DNA-binding transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:8859–8873.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar