NF-E2-Related Factor 1 (Nrf1) Serves as a Novel Regulator of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through Regulation of the Lipin1 and PGC-1β Genes

REFERENCES

• Aoyama T, et al. 1998. Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). J. Biol. Chem. 273:5678–5684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan J, et al. 1998. Targeted disruption of the ubiquitous CNC-bZIP transcription factor, Nrf-1, results in anemia and embryonic lethality in mice. EMBO J. 17:1779–1787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhry S, et al. 2010. Loss of Nrf2 markedly exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48:357–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JC, Horton JD, Hobbs HH. 2011. Human fatty liver disease: old questions and new insights. Science 332:1519–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullinan SB, Gordan JD, Jin J, Harper JW, Diehl JA. 2004. The Keap1-BTB protein is an adaptor that bridges Nrf2 to a Cul3-based E3 ligase: oxidative stress sensing by a Cul3-Keap1 ligase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:8477–8486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finck BN, et al. 2006. Lipin 1 is an inducible amplifier of the hepatic PGC-1alpha/PPARalpha regulatory pathway. Cell Metab. 4:199–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friling R, Bensimon A, Tichauer Y, Daniel V. 1990. Xenobiotic-inducible expression of murine glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene is controlled by an electrophile-responsive element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87:6258–6262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordan JD, Thompson CB, Simon MC. 2007. HIF and c-Myc: sibling rivals for control of cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. Cancer Cell 12:108–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS. 2010. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease. Cell 140:900–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Tabbi-Anneni I, Gunda V, Wang L. 2010. Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates SHP and lipogenic gene expression in hepatic lipid metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 299:G1211–G1221.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Igarashi K, et al. 1994. Regulation of transcription by dimerization of erythroid factor NF-E2 p45 with small Maf proteins. Nature 367:568–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh K, et al. 1997. An Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 236:313–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh K, et al. 1999. Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain. Genes Dev. 13:76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi-Tope G, et al. 2005. Reactome: a knowledgebase of biological pathways. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:D428–D432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kataoka K, Noda M, Nishizawa M. 1994. Maf nuclear oncoprotein recognizes sequences related to an AP-1 site and forms heterodimers with both Fos and Jun. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:700–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuoka F, et al. 2005. Genetic evidence that small Maf proteins are essential for the activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:8044–8051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly DP, Scarpulla RC. 2004. Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Genes Dev. 18:357–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersten S, et al. 1999. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha mediates the adaptive response to fasting. J. Clin. Invest. 103:1489–1498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi A, et al. 2004. Oxidative stress sensor Keap1 functions as an adaptor for Cul3-based E3 ligase to regulate for proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:7130–7139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi A, et al. 2011. Central nervous system-specific deletion of transcription factor Nrf1 causes progressive motor neuronal dysfunction. Genes Cells 16:692–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurokawa H, et al. 2009. Structural basis of alternative DNA recognition by Maf transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 29:6232–6244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyo M, et al. 2004. Evaluation of MafG interaction with Maf recognition element arrays by surface plasmon resonance imaging technique. Genes Cells 9:153–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee CS, et al. 2011. Loss of nuclear factor E2-related factor 1 in the brain leads to dysregulation of proteasome gene expression and neurodegeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108:8408–8413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lelliott CJ, et al. 2006. Ablation of PGC-1beta results in defective mitochondrial activity, thermogenesis, hepatic function, and cardiac performance. PLoS Biol. 4:e369. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leone TC, Weinheimer CJ, Kelly DP. 1999. A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in the cellular fasting response: the PPARalpha-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:7473–7478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung L, Kwong M, Hou S, Lee C, Chan JY. 2003. Deficiency of the Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors results in early embryonic lethality and severe oxidative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 278:48021–48029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu SP, et al. 2007. Glycine N-methyltransferase−/− mice develop chronic hepatitis and glycogen storage disease in the liver. Hepatology 46:1413–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu SC, et al. 2001. Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A knockout mice are predisposed to liver injury and exhibit increased expression of genes involved in proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:5560–5565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mato JM, Martínez-Chantar ML, Lu SC. 2008. Methionine metabolism and liver disease. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 28:273–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motohashi H, et al. 2006. MafG sumoylation is required for active transcriptional repression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:4652–4663.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Motohashi H, O'Connor T, Katsuoka F, Engel J, Yamamoto M. 2002. Integration and diversity of the regulatory network composed of Maf and CNC families of transcription factors. Gene 294:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motohashi H, Shavit JA, Igarashi K, Yamamoto M, Engel JD. 1997. The world according to Maf. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:2953–2959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtsuji M, et al. 2008. Nrf1 and Nrf2 play distinct roles in activation of antioxidant response element-dependent genes. J. Biol. Chem. 283:33554–33562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Péterfy M, Phan J, Xu P, Reue K. 2001. Lipodystrophy in the fld mouse results from mutation of a new gene encoding a nuclear protein, lipin. Nat. Genet. 27:121–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi J, et al. 2010. Deficiency in the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 transcription factor results in impaired adipogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity. J. Biol. Chem. 285:9292–9300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radhakrishnan SK, et al. 2010. Transcription factor Nrf1 mediates the proteasome recovery pathway after proteasome inhibition in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell 38:17–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakhshandehroo M, Knoch B, Müller M, Kersten S. 2010. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes. PPAR Res. 2010: pii=612089. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/612089.
   Google Scholar
• Rehnmark S, Giometti CS, Slavin BG, Doolittle MH, Reue K. 1998. The fatty liver dystrophy mutant mouse: microvesicular steatosis associated with altered expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-regulated proteins. J. Lipid Res. 39:2209–2217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rushmore T, Morton M, Pickett C. 1991. The antioxidant responsive element. Activation by oxidative stress and identification of the DNA consensus sequence required for functional activity. J. Biol. Chem. 266:11632–11639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang Y, Hu X, DiRenzo J, Lazar MA, Brown M. 2000. Cofactor dynamics and sufficiency in estrogen receptor-regulated transcription. Cell 103:843–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimano H, et al. 1996. Overproduction of cholesterol and fatty acids causes massive liver enlargement in transgenic mice expressing truncated SREBP-1a. J. Clin. Invest. 98:1575–1584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin S, et al. 2009. Role of Nrf2 in prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity by synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 620:138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soga T, et al. 2006. Differential metabolomics reveals ophthalmic acid as an oxidative stress biomarker indicating hepatic glutathione consumption. J. Biol. Chem. 281:16768–16776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonoda J, Mehl IR, Chong LW, Nofsinger RR, Evans RM. 2007. PGC-1beta controls mitochondrial metabolism to modulate circadian activity, adaptive thermogenesis, and hepatic steatosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:5223–5228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen J, Seeger M, Koch A, Krüger E. 2010. Proteasomal degradation is transcriptionally controlled by TCF11 via an ERAD-dependent feedback loop. Mol. Cell 40:147–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto H, et al. 2010. Deletion of nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 leads to rapid onset and progression of nutritional steatohepatitis in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 298:G283–G294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. 2010. Stress-activated cap‘n’collar transcription factors in aging and human disease. Sci. Signal. 3:re3. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.3112re3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taguchi K, et al. 2010. Genetic analysis of cytoprotective functions supported by graded expression of Keap1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 30:3016–3026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka Y, et al. 2008. NF-E2-related factor 2 inhibits lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in mice fed a high-fat diet. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325:655–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianna CR, et al. 2006. Hypomorphic mutation of PGC-1beta causes mitochondrial dysfunction and liver insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 4:453–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Chan JY. 2006. Nrf1 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by an N-terminal transmembrane domain. Inhibition of nuclear translocation and transacting function. J. Biol. Chem. 281:19676–19687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu ZR, et al. 2005. Liver-specific inactivation of the Nrf1 gene in adult mouse leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic neoplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:4120–4125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang DD, Lo SC, Cross JV, Templeton DJ, Hannink M. 2004. Keap1 is a redox-regulated substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:10941–10953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, et al. 2006. BRG1 interacts with Nrf2 to selectively mediate HO-1 induction in response to oxidative stress. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:7942–7952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Crouch DH, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD. 2006. Negative regulation of the Nrf1 transcription factor by its N-terminal domain is independent of Keap1: Nrf1, but not Nrf2, is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem. J. 399:373–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang YK, Yeager RL, Tanaka Y, Klaassen CD. 2010. Enhanced expression of Nrf2 in mice attenuates the fatty liver produced by a methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 245:326–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar