The Full Oncogenic Activity of Ret/ptc2 Depends on Tyrosine 539, a Docking Site for Phospholipase Cγ

REFERENCES

• Alonso, T., R. O. Morgan, J. C. Marvizon, H. Zarbl, and E. Santos. 1988. Malignant transformation by ras and other oncogenes produces common alterations in inositol phospholipid signaling pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4271–4275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ben-Levy, R., R. H.F. Paterson, C. J. Marshall, and Y. Yarden. 1994. A single autophosphorylation site confers oncogenicity to the Neu/ErbB-2 receptor and enables coupling to the MAP kinase pathway. EMBO J. 13:3302–3311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge, M. J., J. P. Heslop, R. F. Irvine, and K. D. Brown. 1984. Inositol triphosphate formation and calcium mobilization in Swiss 3T3 cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor. Biochem. J. 222:195–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bongarzone, I., M. G. Butti, S. Coronelli, M. G. Borrello, M. Santoro, P. Mondellini, S. Pilotti, A. Fusco, G. Delia Porta, and M. A. Pierotti. 1994. Frequent activation of ret protooncogene by fusion with a new activating gene in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Cancer Res. 54:2979–2985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongarzone, I., N. Monzini, M. G. Borrello, C. Carcano, G. Ferraresi, E. Arighi, P. Mondellini, G. Delia Porta, and M. A. Pierotti. 1993. Molecular characterization of a thyroid tumor-specific transforming sequence formed by the fusion of ret tyrosine kinase and the regulatory subunit RIα of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:358–366.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borrello, M. G., G. Pelicci, E. Arighi, L. De Filippis, A. Greco, I. Bongarzone, M. G. Rizzetti, P. G. Pelicci, and M. A. Pierotti. 1994. The oncogenic versions of the Ret and Trk tyrosine kinases bind She and Grb2 adaptor proteins. Oncogene 9:1661–1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durick, K., V. J. Yao, M. G. Borrello, I. Bongarzone, M. A. Pierotti, and S. S. Taylor. 1995. Mitogenic activity of RET/ptc2 is due to dimerization via the type 1 regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. J. Biol. Chem. 270:24642–24645.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eck, M., S. E. Shoelson, and S. C. Harrison. 1993. Recognition of a high affinity phosphotyrosylpeptide by the Src homology 2 domain of p56ick. Nature (London) 362:87–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felder, S., M. Zhou, P. Hu, J. Urena, A. Ullrich, M. Chaudhuri, M. White, S. E. Shoelson, and J. Schlessinger. 1993. SH2 domains exhibit high-affinity binding to tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides yet also exhibit rapid dissociation and exchange. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1449–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields, G. B., and R. L. Noble. 1990. Solid phase peptide synthesis utilizing g-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acids. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 35:161–214.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fixman, E. D., M. A. Naujokas, G. A. Rodrigues, M. F. Moran, and M. Park. 1995. Efficient cell transformation by the Tpr-Met oncoprotein is dependent upon tyrosine 489 in the carboxy-terminus. Oncogene 10:237–249.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grieco, M., M. Santoro, M. T. Berlingieri, R. M. Melillo, R. Donghi, I. Bongarzone, M. A. Pierotti, G. Delia Porta, A. Fusco, and G. Vecchio. 1990. PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. Cell 60:557–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H. K., J. W. Kim, A. Zilberstein, B. Margolis, J. G. Kim, J. Schlessinger, and S. G. Rhee. 1991. PDGF stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis requires PLC-yl phosphorylation on tyrosine residues 783 and 1254. Cell 65:435–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitas, E. A., R. Knorr, A. Trzeciak, and W. Bannwarth. 1991. Alternative strategies for the Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of O-phospho-L-tyrosine-containing peptides. Helv. Chim. Acta 74:1314–1328.
   Google Scholar
• Koch, C. α., D. Anderson, M. F. Moran, C. Ellis, and T. Pawson. 1991. SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Science 252:668–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzi, C., M. G. Borrello, I. Bongarzone, A. Migliazza, A. Fusco, M. Grieco, M. Santoro, R. A. Gambetta, F. Zunino, G. Delia Porta, and M. A. Pierotti. 1992. Identification of the product of two oncogenic rearranged forms of the RET proto-oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Oncogene 7:2189–2194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larose, L., G. Gish, and T. Pawson. 1995. Construction of an SH2 domain-binding with mixed specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 270:3858–3862.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin-Zanca, D., S. H. Hughes, and M. Barbacid. 1986. A human oncogene formed by the fusion of truncated tropomyosin and protein tyrosine kinase sequences. Nature (London) 319:743–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, G., D. Martin-Zanca, and M. Barbacid. 1987. Identification and biochemical characterization of p70TRK, product of the human TRK oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6707–6711.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohammadi, M., C. A. Dionne, W. Li, T. Spivak, A. M. Honegger, M. Jaye, and J. Schlessinger. 1992. Point mutation in FGF receptor eliminates phos-phatidylinositol hydrolysis without affecting mitogenesis. Nature (London) 358:681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishibe, S., M. I. Wahl, S. M. T. Hernandez-Sotomayor, N. K. Tonks, S. G. Rhee, and G. Carpenter. 1990. Increase of the catalytic activity of phospholipase C-gammal by tyrosine phosphorylation. Science 250:1253–1256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura, R., W. Li, A. Kashishian, A. Mondino, M. Zhou, J. Cooper, and J. Schlessinger. 1993. Two signaling molecules share a phosphotyrosine-containing binding site in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6889–6896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermeier, A., H. Halfter, K. H. Wiesmuller, G. Jung, J. Schlessinger, and A. Ullrich. 1993. Tyrosine 785 is a major determinant of Trk-substrate interaction. EMBO J. 12:933–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohmichi, M., S. J. Decker, L. Pang, and A. R. Saltiel. 1991. Phospholipase C-gaml directly associates with the p70 TRK oncogene product through its SRC homology domains. J. Biol. Chem. 266:14858–14861.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panayolou, G., G. Gish, P. End, O. Truong, I. Gout, R. Dhand, M. J. Fry, I. Hiles, T. Pawson, and M. D. Waterfield. 1993. Interactions between SH2 domains and tyrosine-phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor β-receptor sequences: analysis of kinetic parameters by a novel biosensor-based approach. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3567–3576.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park, M., M. Dean, C. S. Cooper, M. Schmidt, S. J. O’Brien, D. G. Blair, and G. F. Vande Woude. 1986. Mechanism of met oncogene activation. Cell 45:895–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasini, B., M. G. Borrello, A. Greco, I. Bongarzone, Y. Luo, P. Mondellini, L. Alberti, C. Miranda, E. Arighi, R. Bocciardi, M. Seri, V. Barone, G. Romeo, and M. A. Pierotti. 1995. Loss of function effect of RET mutations causing Hirschsprung disease. Nature Genet. 10:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawson, T. 1994. SH2 and SH3 domains in signal transduction. Adv. Cancer Res. 64:87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pawson, T., and J. Schlessinger. 1993. SH2 and SH3 domains. Curr. Biol. 3:434–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, K. G., J. Marie, E. Wilson, H. E. Ives, J. Escobedo, M. Del Rosario, D. Mirda, and L. T. Williams. 1992. Point mutation of an FGF receptor abolishes phosphatidylinositol turnover and Ca2+ flux but not mitogenesis. Nature (London) 358:678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponzetto, C., A. Bardelli, F. Maina, P. Longati, G. Panayotou, R. Dhand, M. D. Waterfield, and P. M. Comoglio. 1993. A novel recognition motif for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinasc binding mediates its association with the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4600–4608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponzetto, C., A. Bardelli, Z. Zhen, F. Maina, P. dalla Zonca, S. Giordano, A. Graziani, G. Panayotou, and P. M. Comoglio. 1994. A multifunctional docking site mediates signaling and transformation by the hepatocytc growth factor/scatter factor receptor family. Cell 77:261–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, G. α., and M. Park. 1993. Dimcrization mediated through a leucine zipper activates the oncogenic potential of the met receptor tyrosine kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6711–6722.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santoro, M., R. M. Melillo, M. T. Berlingieri, M. Grieco, G. Vecchio, and A. Fusco. 1993. The TRK and RET tyrosine-kinase oncogenes cooperate with ras in the neoplastic transformation of a rat thyroid epithelial cell line. Cell Growth Differ. 4:77–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santoro, M., W. T. Wong, P. Aroca, E. Santos, B. Matoskova, M. Grieco, A. Fusco, and P. P. Di Fiore. 1994. An epidermal growth factor receptor-re/ chimera generates mitogenic and transforming signals: evidence for a ret-specific signaling pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:663–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M. R., S.-H. Ryu, P.-G. Suh, S.-G. Rhee, and H.-F. Kung. 1989. S-phase induction and transformation of quiescent NIH 3T3 cells by microinjection of phospholipase C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3659–3663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Songyang, Z., S. E. Shoelson, M. Chaudhuri, G. Gish, T. Pawson, W. G. Haser, F. King, T. Roberts, S. Ratnofsky, R. J. Lechleider, B. G. Neel, R. B. Birge, J. E. Fajardo, M. M. Chou, H. Hanafusa, B. Schaffhausen, and L. C. Cantley. 1993. SH2 domains recognize specific phosphopeptide sequences. Cell 72:767–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, W., W. Liu, B. S. Schaffhausen, and T. M. Roberts. 1995. Association of polyomavirus middle tumor antigen with phospholipase C-gammal. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12331–12334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi, M., Y. Buma, T. Iwamoto, Y. Inaguma, H. Ikeda, and H. Hiai. 1988. Cloning and expression of the ret proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains. Oncogene 3:571–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turck, C. W., and S. P. Edenson. 1994. Mapping of tyrosine kinase auto-phosphorylation sites with synthetic peptide substrates. Peptide Res. 7:140–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valius, M., and A. Kazlauskas. 1993. Phospholipase C-gammal and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase are the downstream mediators of the PDGF receptor’s mitogenic signal. Cell 73:321–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Heyningen, V. 1994. One gene—four syndromes. Nature (London) 367:319–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Weering, D. H. J., J. P. Medema, A. van Puijenbroek, B. M. T. Burgering, P. D. Baas, and J. L. Bos. 1995. Ret receptor tyrosine kinase activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 in SK-N-MC cells. Oncogene 11:2207–2214.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vetter, M. L., D. Martin-Zanca, L. F. Parada, J. M. Bishop, and D. R. Kaplan. 1991. Nerve growth factor rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gammal by a kinase activity associated with the product of the trk protooncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5650–5654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waksman, G., S. Shoelson, N. Pant, D. Cowburn, and J. Kuriyan. 1993. Binding of a high affinity phosphotyrosyl peptide in the sre SH2 domain: crystal structures of the complexed and peptide-frec forms. Cell 72:779–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigler, M., S. Silverstein, L. S. Lee, A. Pellicer, Y. Cheng, and R. Axel. 1977. Transfer of purified herpes virus thymidine kinase gene to cultured mouse cells. Cell 11:223–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokote, K., S. Mori, K. Hansen, J. McGlade, T. Pawson, C. H. Heldin, and L. Claesson-Welsh. 1994. Direct interaction between She and the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269:15337–15343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar