2
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Formation of Extrachromosomal Circular Amplicons with Direct or Inverted Duplications in Drug-Resistant Leishmania tarentolae

, &
Pages 3587-3595 | Received 24 Jan 1996, Accepted 25 Apr 1996, Published online: 29 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Bello, A. R., B. Nare, D. Freedman, L. Hardy, and S. M. Beverley. 1994. PTR1: a reductase mediating salvage of oxidized pteridines and methotrexate resistance in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11442–11446.
  • Beverley, S. M. 1991. Gene amplification in Leishmania. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45:417–444.
  • Beverley, S. M., J. A. Coderre, D. V. Santi, and R. T. Schimke. 1984. Unstable DNA amplifications in methotrexate-resistant Leishmania consist of extrachromosomal circles which relocalize during stabilization. Cell 38:431–439.
  • Bi, X., and L. F. Liu. 1996. DNA rearrangement mediated by inverted repeats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:819–823.
  • Borst, P., and M. Ouellette. 1995. New mechanisms of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49:427–460.
  • Callahan, H. L., and S. M. Beverley. 1991. Heavy metal resistance: a new role for P-glycoproteins in Leishmania. J. Biol. Chem. 266:18427–18430.
  • Callahan, H. L., and S. M. Beverley. 1992. A member of the aldoketo reductase family confers methotrexate resistance in Leishmania. J. Biol. Chem. 267:24165–24168.
  • Carroll, S. M., J. Trotter, and G. M. Wahl. 1991. Replication timing control can be maintained in extrachromosomally amplified genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4779–4785.
  • Chiquero, M. J., A. Olmo, P. Navarro, L. M. Ruiz-Perez, S. Castanys, D. Gonzalez-Pacanowska, and F. Gamarro. 1994. Amplification of the H locus in Leishmania infantum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1227:188–194.
  • Cohen, S., D. Hassin, S. Karby, and S. Lavi. 1994. Hairpin structures are the primary amplification products: a novel mechanism for generation of inverted repeats during gene amplification. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:7782–7791.
  • Detke, S., K. Katakura, and K.-P. Chang. 1989. DNA amplification in arsenite-resistant Leishmania. Exp. Cell Res. 180:161–170.
  • Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6–13.
  • Fried, M., S. Feo, and E. Heard. 1991. The role of inverted duplications in the generation of gene amplification in mammalian cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1090:143–155.
  • Grondin, K., B. Papadopoulou, and M. Ouellette. 1993. Homologous recombination between direct repeat sequences yields P-glycoprotein containing circular amplicons in arsenite resistant Leishmania. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1895–1901.
  • Hanson, S., S. M. Beverley, W. Wagner, and B. Ullman. 1992. Unstable amplification of two extrachromosomal elements in α-difluoromethylornithine-resistant Leishmania donovani. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5499–5507.
  • Hightower, R. C., L. M. Ruiz-Perez, M. Lie Wong, and D. V. Santi. 1988. Extrachromosomal element in the lower eukaryote Leishmania. J. Biol. Chem. 263:16970–16976.
  • Kunes, S., D. Botstein, and M. S. Fox. 1990. Synapsis-mediated fusion of free DNA ends forms inverted dimer plasmids in yeast. Genetics 124:67–80.
  • Legare, D., E. Hettema, and M. Ouellette. 1994. The P-glycoprotein related gene family in Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 68:81–91.
  • Liu, J., N. Gajendran, D. Muthui, S. Muyldermans, J.-C. Dujardin, S. DeDonker, D. Jacquet, D. Le Ray, F. Mathieu-Daudé, and R. Hamers. 1991. Chromosome rearrangement in Leishmania mexicana M379. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 46:53–60.
  • Liu, J., G. Salinas, N. Gajendran, D. Muthui, S. Muyldermans, and R. Hamers. 1992. DNA recombination associated with short direct repeats in Leishmania mexicana M379. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 50:351–354.
  • Lodes, M. J., G. Merlin, T. de Vos, A. Ghosh, R. Madhubala, P. J. Myler, and K. Stuart. 1995. Increased expression of LD1 genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I in Leishmania donovani as a result of duplication into the rRNA gene locus. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6845–6853.
  • Meese, E. U., S. D. Horwitz, and J. M. Trent. 1992. Evidence for linear extrachromosomal elements mediating gene amplification in the multidrug-resistant J774.2 murine cell line. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 59:20–25.
  • Navarro, M., J. Liu, D. Muthui, D. Ortiz, M. Segovia, and R. Hamers. 1994. Inverted repeat structure and homologous sequences in the LD1 amplicons of Leishmania spp. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 68:69–80.
  • Ohshima, A., S. Inouye, and M. Inouye. 1992. In vivo duplication of genetic elements by the formation of stem-loop DNA without an RNA intermediate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:1016–1020.
  • Olmo, A., R. Arrebola, V. Bernier, D. Gonzalez-Pacanowska, and M. Ruiz-Pérez. 1995. Co-existence of circular and multiple linear amplicons in methotrexate resistant Leishmania. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:2856–2864.
  • Ortiz, G., M. Navarro, and M. Segovia. 1995. Location in the source chromosome of the 180 kb minichromosome of Leishmania major and characterization of the novel junction. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 71:153–161.
  • Ouellette, M., and P. Borst. 1991. Drug resistance and P-glycoprotein gene amplification in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Res. Microbiol. 142:737–746.
  • Ouellette, M., F. Fase-Fowler, and P. Borst. 1990. The amplified H circle of methotrexate-resistant Leishmania tarentolae contains a novel P-glycoprotein gene. EMBO J. 9:1027–1033.
  • Ouellette, M., E. Hettema, D. Wust, F. Fase-Fowler, and P. Borst. 1991. Direct and inverted repeats associated with P-glycoprotein gene amplification in drug resistant Leishmania. EMBO J. 10:1009–1016.
  • Ouellette, M., and B. Papadopoulou. 1993. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Leishmania. Parasitol. Today 9:150–153.
  • Papadopoulou, B., G. Roy, S. Dey, B. P. Rosen, and M. Ouellette. 1994. Contribution of the Leishmania P-glycoprotein related gene ltpgpA to oxyanion resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 269:11980–11986.
  • Papadopoulou, B., G. Roy, W. Mourad, E. Leblanc, and M. Ouellette. 1994. Changes in folate and pterin metabolism after disruption of the Leishmania H locus short-chain dehydrogenase gene. J. Biol. Chem. 269:7310–7315.
  • Papadopoulou, B., G. Roy, and M. Ouellette. 1992. A novel antifolate resistance gene on the amplified H circle of Leishmania. EMBO J. 11:3601–3608.
  • Papadopoulou, B., G. Roy, and M. Ouellette. 1993. Frequent amplification of a short chain dehydrogenase gene as part of circular and linear amplicons in methotrexate resistant Leishmania. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:4305–4312.
  • Papadopoulou, B., G. Roy, and M. Ouellette. 1994. Autonomous replication of bacterial DNA plasmid oligomers in Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 65:39–49.
  • Petrillo-Peixoto, M. L., and S. M. Beverley. 1988. Amplified DNAs in laboratory stocks of Leishmania tarentolae: extrachromosomal circles structurally and functionally similar to the inverted-H-region amplification of methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5188–5199.
  • Rothstein, R. 1991. Targeting, disruption, replacement and allele rescue: integrative DNA transformation in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 194:281–301.
  • Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
  • Schimke, R. T. 1988. Gene amplification in cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263:5989–5992.
  • Stark, G. R., M. Debatisse, E. Giulotto, and G. M. Wahl. 1989. Recent progress in understanding mechanisms of mammalian DNA amplification. Cell 57:901–908.
  • Stuart, K. D. 1991. Circular and linear multicopy DNAs in Leishmania. Parasitol. Today 7:158–159.
  • Thomas, K. R., and M. R. Capecchi. 1987. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell 51:503–512.
  • Tripp, C. A., P. J. Myler, and K. D. Stuart. 1991. A DNA sequence (LD1) which occurs in several genomic organizations in Leishmania. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 47:151–160.
  • Vaughn, J. P., P. A. Dijkwel, and J. L. Hamlin. 1990. Replication initiates in a broad zone in the amplified CHO dihydrofolate reductase domain. Cell 61:1075–1087.
  • Wahl, G. M. 1989. The importance of circular DNA in mammalian gene amplification. Cancer Res. 49:1333–1340.
  • White, T. C., F. Fase-Fowler, H. van Luenen, J. Calafat, and P. Borst. 1988. The H circles of Leishmania tarentolae are a unique amplifiable system of oligomeric DNAs associated with drug resistance. J. Biol. Chem. 263:16977–16983.
  • Wilson, K., S. M. Beverley, and B. Ullman. 1992. Stable amplification of a linear extrachromosomal DNA in mycophenolic acid-resistant Leishmania donovani. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 55:197–206.
  • Yasuda, L. E., and M.-C. Yao. 1991. Short inverted repeats at a free end signal large DNA palindrome formation in Tetrahymena. Cell 67:505–516.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.