Modulation of Thermal Induction of hsp70 Expression by Ku Autoantigen or Its Individual Subunits

REFERENCES

• Abravaya, K., K. D. Sarge, B. Phillips, V. Zimarino, and R. I. Morimoto. 1991. In vivo and in vitro studies on the activation and binding ofhuman heat shock transcription factor, p. 17–34. In B. Maresca and S. Lindquist (ed.), Heat shock. Springer-Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Amabis, J. M., D. C. Amabis, J. Kahuraki, and B. O. Stollar. 1990. The presence of an antigen reactive with a human autoantibody in Trichosia pubescens (Diptera:Sciaridae) and its association with certain transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Chromosoma 99:102–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Angelidis, C. E., I. Lazaridis, and G. N. Pagoulatos. 1991. Constitutive expression of heat-shock protein 70 in mammalian cells confers thermoresistance. Eur. J. Biochem. 199:35–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bannister, A. J., T. M. Gottlieb, T. Kouzarides, and S. P. Jackson. 1993. c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro; definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:1289–1295.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beckmann, R. P., L. A. Mizzen, and W. J. Welch. 1990. Interaction of Hsp 70 with newly synthesized proteins: implications for protein folding and assembly. Science 248:850–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cepko, C. L., B. E. Roberts, and R. C. Mulligan. 1984. Construction and applications of a highly transmissible murine retrovirus shuttle vector. Cell 37:1053–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, C. H., J. Wang, M. W. Knuth, and W. H. Reeves. 1992. Role of a major autoepitope in forming the DNA binding site of the p70(Ku) autoantigen. J. Exp. Med. 175:1677–1684.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig, E. A. 1993. Chaperones: helpers along the pathways to protein folding. Science 260:1902–1903.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dvir, A., L. Y. Stein, B. L. Calore, and W. S. Dynan. 1993. Purification and characterization of a template-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10440–10447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falzon, M., J. W. Fewell, and E. L. Kuff. 1993. EBP-80, a transcription factor closely resembling the human autoantigen Ku, recognizes single- to doublestrand transitions in DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 268:10546–10552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gernesch, E., C. Eckerskorn, F. Lottspeich, C. Herzog, K. Kuhn, and E. Poschl. 1995. Purification of the sequence-specific transcription factor CTCBF, involved in the control of human collagen IV genes: subunits with homology to Ku antigen. EMBO J. 14:791–800.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottlieb, T. M., and S. P. Jackson. 1993. The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen. Cell 72:131–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, A. J., P. R. Blier, T. Mimori, and J. A. Hardin. 1992. Ku polypeptides synthesized in vitro assemble into complexes which recognize ends of double-stranded DNA. J. Biol. Chem. 267:331–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff, C. M., and S. T. Jacob. 1993. Characterization of the factor EIBF from a rat hepatoma that modulates ribosomal RNA gene transcription and its relationship to the human Ku autoantigen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190:747–753.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacoby, D. B., and P. C. Wensink. 1994. Yolk protein factor 1isa Drosophila homolog of Ku, the DNA-binding subunit of a DNA-dependent protein kinase from humans. J. Biol. Chem. 269:11484–11491.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston, R. N., and B. L. Kucey. 1988. Competitive inhibition ofhsp70 gene expression causes thermosensitivity. Science 242:1551–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurivich, D. A., L. Sistonen, R. A. Kroes, and R. I. Morimoto. 1992. Effect of sodium salicylate on the human heat shock response. Science 255:1243–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, P. J., J. Ostermann, J. Shilling, W. Neupert, E. A. Craig, and N. Pfanner. 1990. Requirement for hsp70 in the mitochondrial matrix for translocation and folding of precursor proteins. Nature (London) 348:137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, P. D., R. F. Doll, and D. C. Rio. 1989. Drosophila P element transposase recognizes internal P element DNA sequences. Cell 59:359–371.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, D., Y. J. Lee, and P. M. Corry. 1993. Employment of a turbidimetric assay system to study the biochemical role of hsp70 in heat-induced protein aggregation. J. Therm. Biol. 18:165–175.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, D., H. Ouyang, and G. C. Li. 1995. Heat shock protein hsp70 accelerates the recovery of heat-shocked mammalian cells through its modulation of heat shock transcription factor HSF1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2126–2130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D., H. Ouyang, S.-H. Yang, A. Nussenzweig, P. Burgman, and G. C. Li. 1995. A constitutive heat shock element-binding factor is immunologically identical to the Ku-autoantigen. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15277–15284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuth, M. W., S. I. Gunderson, N. E. Thompson, L. A. Strasheim, and R. R. Burgess. 1990. Purification and characterization of proximal sequence element-binding protein 1, a transcription activating protein related to Ku and TREF that binds the proximal sequence element of the human U1 promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 265:17911–17920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, A., V. Stefanovsky, and Z. Grummt. 1993. The nucleolar transcription activator UBF relieves Ku-antigen-mediated repression of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:2057–2063.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laski, F. A., B. Alzner-DeWeerd, U. L. RajBhandary, and P. A. Sharp. 1982. Expression of a X. laevis tRNATyr gene in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:4609–4626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees-Miller, S. P., and C. W. Anderson. 1991. The DNA-activated protein kinase, DNA-PK: a potential coordinator of nuclear events. Cancer Cells 3:341–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lees-Miller, S. P., Y.-R. Chen, and C. W. Anderson. 1990. Human cells contain a DNA-activated protein kinase that phosphorylates simian virus 40 T antigen, mouse p53, and the human Ku autoantigen. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6472–6481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. C., L. Li, R. Y. Liu, M. Rehman, and W. M. F. Lee. 1992. Heat shock protein hsp70 protects cells from thermal stress even after deletion of its ATP-binding domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2036–2040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. C., L. Li, Y.-K. Liu, J. Y. Mak, L. Chen, and W. M. F. Lee. 1991. Thermal response of rat fibroblasts stably-transfected with the human 70 kDa heat shock protein-encoding gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1681–1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. C., and Z. Werb. 1982. Correlation between synthesis of heat shock proteins and development of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:3218–3222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G. C., S.-H. Yang, D. Kim, A. Nussenzweig, H. Ouyang, J. Wei, P. Burgman, and L. Li. 1995. Suppression of heat-induced hsp70 expression by the 70-kDa subunit of the human Ku-autoantigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4512–4516.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lis, J., and C. Wu. 1993. Protein traffic on the heat shock promoter: parking, stalling, and trucking along. Cell 74:1–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis, J. T. 1991. Transcriptional activation of Drosophila heat shock gene, p. 3–8. In B. Maresca and S. Lindquist (ed.), Heat shock. Springer-Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Lis, J. T., and C. Wu. 1992. Heat shock factor, p. 907–930. In S. L. McKnight and K. R. Yamamoto (ed.), Transcriptional regulation, vol. II. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, R. Y., D. Kim, S.-H. Yang, and G. C. Li. 1993. Dual control ofheat shock response: involvement of a constitutive heat shock element-binding factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3078–3082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R. Y., X. Li, L. Li, and G. C. Li. 1992. Expression of human hsp70 in rat fibroblasts enhances cell survival and facilitates recovery from translational and transcriptional inhibition following heat shock. Cancer Res. 52:3667–3673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, R., R. C. Mulligan, and D. Baltimore. 1983. Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. Cell 33:153–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur, S. K., L. Sistonen, I. R. Brown, S. P. Murphy, K. D. Sarge, and R. I. Morimoto. 1994. Deficient induction of human hsp70 heat shock gene transcription in Y79 retinoblastoma cells despite activation of heat shock factor 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:8695–8699.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Messier, H., T. Fuller, S. Mangal, H. Brickner, S. Igarashi, J. Gaikwad, R. Fotedar, and A. Fotedar. 1993. p70 lupus autoantigen binds the enhancer of the T-cell receptor β-chain gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2685–2689.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mimori, T., M. Akizuki, H. Yamagata, S. Inada, S. Yoshida, and M. Homma. 1981. Characterization of a high molecular weight acidic nuclear protein recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap. J. Clin. Invest. 68:611–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mimori, T., J. A. Hardin, and J. A. Steitz. 1986. Characterization of the DNA-binding protein antigen Ku recognized by autoantibodies from patients with rheumatic disorders. J. Biol. Chem. 261:2274–2278.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morimoto, R. I. 1993. Cells in stress: transcriptional activation of heat shock genes. Science 259:1409–1410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morimoto, R. I., A. Tissieres, and C. Georgopoulos (ed.). 1990. Stress proteins in biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plain-view, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Morimoto, R. I., A. Tissieres, and C. Georgopoulos (ed.). 1994. The biology of heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Mosser, D. D., N. G. Theodorakis, and R. I. Morimoto. 1988. Coordinate changes in heat shock element-binding activity and HSP70 gene transcription rates in human cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4736–4744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, V. T., M. Morange, and O. Bensaude. 1989. Protein denaturation during heat shock and related stress. J. Biol. Chem. 264:10487–10492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelham, H. R. B. 1984. Hsp70 accelerates the recovery of nucleolar morphology after heat shock. EMBO J. 3:3095–3100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirity, M., V. T. Nguyen, M. F. Dubois, O. Bensaude, A. Héver-Szabó, and A. Venetianer. 1992. Decreased stress inducibility of the HSP68 protein in a rat hepatoma variant clone. Eur. J. Biochem. 210:793–800.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reeves, W. H. 1985. Use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of novel DNA-binding proteins recognized by human autoimmune sera. J. Exp. Med. 161:18–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves, W. H. 1992. Antibodies to p70/p80 (Ku) antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 18:391–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves, W. H., and Z. M. Sthoeger. 1989. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the p70 (Ku) lupus autoantigen. J. Biol. Chem. 264:5047–5052.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riabowol, K. T., L. A. Mizzen, and W. J. Welch. 1988. Heat shock is lethal to fibroblasts microinjected with antibodies against hsp70. Science 242:433–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, M. R., Y. Han, A. Fienberg, L. Hunihan, and F. H. Ruddle. 1994. A DNA-binding activity, TRAC, specific for the TRA element of the transferrin receptor gene copurifies with the Ku autoantigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6354–6358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarge, K. D., S. P. Murphy, and R. I. Morimoto. 1993. Activation of heat shock gene transcription by heat shock factor 1 involves oligomerization, acquisition of DNA-binding activity, and nuclear localization and can occur in the absence of stress. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1392–1407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheffield, W. P., G. C. Shore, and S. K. Randall. 1990. Mitochondrial precursor protein effects of 70-kilodalton heat shock protein on polypeptide folding, aggregation, and import competence. J. Biol. Chem. 265:11069–11075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Y., and J. O. Thomas. 1992. The transport of proteins into the nucleus requires 70-kilodalton heat shock protein or its cytosolic cognate. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2186–2192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smider, V., W. K. Rathmell, M. R. Lieber, and G. Chu. 1994. Restoration of x-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination in mutant cells by Ku cDNA. Science 266:288–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorger, P. 1991. Heat shock factor and the heat shock response. Cell 65:363–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuiver, M. H., F. E. J. Coenjaerts, and P. C. van der Vliet. 1990. The autoantigen Ku is indistinguishable from NF IV, a protein forming multimeric protein-DNA complexes. J. Exp. Med. 172:1049–1054.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taccioli, G. E., T. M. Gottlieb, T. Blunt, A. Priestly, J. Demengeot, R. Mizuta, A. R. Lehmann, F. A. Alt, S. P. Jackson, and P. A. Jeggo. 1994. Ku80: product of the XRCC5 gene and its role in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Science 265:1442–1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, P. S. 1980. Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5201–5205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towbin, H., T. Staehelin, and J. Gordon. 1979. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4350–4354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., C.-H. Chou, J. Blankson, M. Satoh, M. W. Knuth, R. A. Eisenberg, D. S. Pisetsky, and W. H. Reeves. 1993. Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for conserved and non-conserved antigenic determinants of the human and murine Ku autoantigens. Mol. Biol. Rep. 18:15–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welch, W. J., J. R. Feramisco, and S. H. Blose. 1985. The mammalian stress response and the cytoskeleton: alterations in intermediate filaments. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 455:57–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch, W. J., and L. A. Mizzen. 1988. Characterization of the thermotolerant cell. II. Effects on the intracellular distribution of heat-shock protein 70, intermediate filaments, and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes. J. Cell Biol. 106:1117–1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, C., J. Clos, J. T. Westwood, V. Zimarino, and P. B. Becker. 1991. Structure and function of Drosophila heat shock factor, p. 9–16. In B. Maresca and S. Lindquist (ed.), Heat shock. Springer-Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Yaneva, M., and H. Busch. 1986. A 10S particle released from deoxyribonuclease-sensitive regions of HeLa cell nuclei contains the 86-kilodalton-70-kilodalton protein complex. Biochemistry 25:5057–5063.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yaneva, M., J. Wen, A. Ayala, and R. Cook. 1989. cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the 86-kDa subunit of the Ku antigen. J. Biol. Chem. 264:13407–13411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S.-H., A. Nussenzweig, W. H. Yang, D. Kim, and G. C. Li. 1995. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Zimarino, V., C. Tsai, and C. Wu. 1990. Complex modes ofheat shock factor activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:752–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimarino, V., and C. Wu. 1987. Induction of sequence-specific binding of Drosophila heat shock activator protein without protein synthesis. Nature (London) 327:727–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, J. L., W. Petri, and M. Meselson. 1983. Accumulation of a specific subset of D. melangaster heat shock mRNAs in normal development without heat shock. Cell 32:1161–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar