Functional Dissection of a Human Dr1-DRAP1 Repressor Complex

REFERENCES

• Abmayr, S. M., J. L. Workman, and R. G. Roeder. 1988. The pseudorabies immediate early protein stimulates in vitro transcription by facilitating TFIID: promoter interaction. Genes Dev. 2:542–553.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akoulitchev, S., T. P. Makela, R. A. Weinberg, and D. Reinberg. 1995. Requirement for TFIIH kinase activity in transcription by RNA polymerase II. Nature (London) 377:557–560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auble, D. T., K. E. Hansen, C. G. F. Mueller, W. S. Lane, J. Thorner, and S. Hahn. 1994. Mot1, a global repressor of RNA polymerase II transcription, inhibits TBP binding to DNA by an ATP-dependent mechanism. Genes Dev. 8:1920–1934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, R. J., and M. D. Biggin. 1995. A domain of the even-skipped protein represses transcription by preventing TFIID binding to a promoter: repression by cooperative blocking. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4683–4693.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayer, D. E., Q. A. Lawrence, and R. N. Eisenman. 1995. Mad-max transcriptional repression is mediated by ternary complex formation with mammalian homologs of yeast repressor sin 3. Cell 80:767–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeuerle, P., and D. Baltimore. 1988. IkB: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kB transcription factor. Science 242:540–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benezra, R., R. L. Davis, D. Lockshon, D. L. Turner, and H. Weintraub. 1990. The protein Id: a negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding protein. Cell 61:49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buratowski, S., S. Hahn, L. Guarente, and P. Sharp. 1989. Five intermediate complexes in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Cell 56:549–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, D. M., E. L. Gadbois, P. J. Murray, S. F. Anderson, M. S. Sonu, J. D. Parvin, and R. A. Young. 1996. A mammalian SRB protein associated with an RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Nature (London) 380:82–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, J. D., and R. M. Evans. 1995. A transcriptional corepressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors. Nature (London) 377:454–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowell, I. G. 1994. Repression versus activation in the control of gene transcription. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:38–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dou, S., X. Zeng, P. Cortes, H. Erdjument-Bromage, P. Tempst, T. Honjo, and L. D. Vales. 1994. The recombination signal sequence-binding protein RBP-2N functions as a transcriptional repressor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:3310–3319.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drapkin, R., J. T. Reardon, A. Ansari, J.-C. Huang, L. Zawel, K. Ahn, A. Sancar, and D. Reinberg. 1994. Dual role of TFIIH in DNA excision repair and in transcription by RNA polymerase II. Nature (London) 368:769–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drapkin, R., and D. Reinberg. 1994. The multifunctional TFIIH complex and transcriptional control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:504–508.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dynlacht, B. D., T. Hoey, and R. Tjian. 1991. Isolation of coactivators associated with the TATA-binding protein that mediate transcriptional activation. Cell 66:563–576.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ge, H., and R. Roeder. 1994. Purification, molecular cloning, and functional characterization of a human coactivator, PC4, that mediates transcriptional activation of class II genes. Cell 78:513–523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gill, G., and R. Tjian. 1992. Eukaryotic coactivators associated with the TATA box binding protein. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2:236–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goppet, A., G. Stelzer, F. Lottspeich, and M. Meisterernst. 1996. A mechanism for repression of class II gene transcription through specific binding of NC2 to TBP-promoter complexes via heterodimeric histone fold domains. EMBO J. 15:3105–3116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han, K., and J. L. Manley. 1993. Functional domains of drosophila engrailed protein. EMBO J. 12:2723–2733.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Han, K., and J. L. Manley. 1993. Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila even-skipped protein: definition of a minimal repression domain. Genes Dev. 7:491–503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hernandez, N. 1993. TBP, a universal eukaryotic transcription factor? Genes Dev. 7:1291–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, A., and R. G. Roeder. 1991. Purification of his-tagged proteins in nondenaturing conditions suggests a convenient method for protein interaction studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 19:6337–6338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, A., E. Sinn, T. Yamamoto, J. Wang, E. Roy, M. Horikoshi, and R. G. Roeder. 1990. Highly conserved core domain and unique N-terminus with presumptive regulatory motifs in a human TATA factor (TFIID). Nature (London) 346:387–390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horikoshi, N., A. Usheva, J. Chen, A. J. Levine, R. Weinmann, and T. Shenk. 1995. Two domains of p53 interact with the TATA-binding protein, and the adenovirus 13S E1A protein disrupts the association, relieving p53-mediated transcriptional repression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:227–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horlein, A. J., A. M. Naar, T. Heinzel, J. Torchia, B. Gloss, R. Kurokawa, A. Ryan, Y. Kamel, M. Soderstrom, C. Glass, and M. G. Rosenfeld. 1995. Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor corepressor. Nature (London) 377:397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, J., and D. Hayward. 1995. Masking of the CBF1/RBPJK transcriptional domain by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2. Science 268:560–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inostroza, J., O. Flores, and D. Reinberg. 1991. Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Purification and functional analysis of general transcription factor IIE. J. Biol. Chem. 266:9304–9308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inostroza, J. A., F. H. Mermelstein, I. Ha, W. S. Lane, and D. Reinberg. 1992. Dr1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein and inhibitor of class II gene transcription. Cell 70:477–489.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson, A. D. 1995. The price of repression. Cell 81:655–658.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kao, C., P. Lieberman, M. Schmidt, Q. Zhou, R. Pei, and A. Berk. 1990. Cloning of transcription ally active human TATA binding protein. Science 248:1646–1650.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keleher, C. A., M. J. Redd, J. Schultz, M. Carlson, and A. D. Johnson. 1992. Ssn6-Tup1 is a general repressor of transcription in yeast. Cell 68:709–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koleske, A. J., and R. A. Young. 1995. The RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and its implications for gene regulation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:113–116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraus, V. B., J. A. Inostroza, K. Yeung, D. Reinberg, and J. R. Nevins. 1994. Interaction of the Dr1 inhibitory factor with the TATA binding protein is disrupted by adenovirus E1A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6279–6282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kretzschmar, M., G. Stelzer, R. G. Roeder, and M. Meisterernst. 1994. RNA polymerase II cofactor PC2 facilitated activation of transcription by Gal4-AH in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:3927–3937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurokawa, R., M. Soderstrom, A. Horlein, S. Halachml, M. Brown, M. G. Rosenfeld, and C. K. Glass. 1995. Polarity-specific activities of retinoic acid receptors determined by a corepressor. Nature (London) 377:451–454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewin, B. 1990. Commitment and activation at Pol II promoters: a tail of protein-protein interactions. Cell 61:1161–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licht, J. D., M. D. Grossel, J. Figge, and U. M. Hansen. 1990. Drosophila kruppel protein is a transcriptional repressor. Nature (London) 346:76–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lieberman, P., and A. Berk. 1991. The Ztatrans-activator protein stabilizes TFIID association with promoter DNA by direct protein-protein interaction. Genes Dev. 5:2441–2454.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lieberman, P. M., and A. J. Berk. 1994. A mechanism for TAFs in transcriptional activation: activation domain enhancement of TFIID-TFIIA-promoter DNA complex formation. Genes Dev. 8:995–1006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu, H., L. Zawel, L. Fisher, J. M. Egly, and D. Reinberg. 1992. Human general transcription factor IIH phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Nature (London) 358:641–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., and M. Ptashne. 1987. The carboxyl-terminal 30 amino acids of GAL4 are recognized by GAL80. Cell 50:137–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado, E., R. Drapkin, and D. Reinberg. 1996. Purification of RNA polymerase II and general transcriptional factors. Methods Enzymol. 274:72–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maldonado, E., I. Ha, P. Cortes, L. Weis, and D. Reinberg. 1990. Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: role of transcription factors IIA, IID, and IIB during formation of a transcription-competent complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6335–6347.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maldonado, E., and D. Reinberg. 1995. News in initiation and elongation by RNA polymerase II. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7:352–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado, E., R. Shiekhattar, M. Sheldon, H. Cho, R. Drapkin, P. Rickert, E. Lees, C. W. Anderson, S. Linn, and D. Reinberg. 1996. A human RNA polymerase II complex associated with SRBs and DNA repair proteins. Nature (London) 381:86–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meisterernst, M., and R. G. Roeder. 1991. Family of proteins that interact with TFIID and regulate promoter activity. Cell 67:557–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meisterernst, M., A. L. Roy, H. M. Lieu, and R. G. Roeder. 1991. Activation of class II gene transcription by regulatory factors is potentiated by a novel activity. Cell 66:981–993.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merino, A., K. R. Madden, W. S. Lane, J. J. Champoux, and D. Reinberg. 1993. Topoisomerase I is involved in both repression and activation of transcription. Nature (London) 365:227–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mermelstein, F., K. Yeung, J. Cao, J. Inostroza, H. Erdjument-Bromage, K. Eagelson, D. Landsman, P. Levitt, P. Tempst, and D. Reinberg. 1996. Requirement of a corepressor for Dr1-mediated repression of transcription. Genes Dev. 10:1033–1048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakajima, N., M. Horikoshi, and R. G. Roeder. 1988. Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification, genetic specificity, and TATA box-promoter interaction of TFIID. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4028–4033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ossipow, V., J. P. Tassan, E. A. Nigg, and U. Schibler. 1995. A mammalian RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing all components required for pro-moter-specific transcription initiation. Cell 83:137–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozer, J., P. A. Moore, A. H. Bolden, A. Lee, C. A. Rosen, and P. M. Lieberman. 1994. Molecular cloning of the small (g) subunit of human TFIIA reveals functions critical for activated transcription. Genes Dev. 8:2324–2335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson, M. G., N. Tanase, B. F. Pugh, and R. Tjian. 1990. Functional domains and upstream activation properties of cloned human TATA binding protein. Science 248:1625–1630.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ptashne, M., and A. F. Gann. 1990. Activators and targets. Nature (London) 346:329–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, B. F., and R. Tjian. 1991. Transcription from a TATA-less promoter requires a multisubunit TFIID complex. Genes Dev. 5:1935–1945.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reinberg, D., M. Horikoshi, and R. G. Roeder. 1987. Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Functional analysis of initiation factors IIA and IID and identification of a new factor operating at sequences downstream of the initiation site. J. Biol. Chem. 262:3322–3330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeder, R. G. 1991. The complexity of eukaryotic transcription initiation: regulation of pre-initiation complex assembly. Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:402–408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saha, S., J. M. Brickman, N. Lehming, and M. Ptashne. 1993. New eukaryote transcriptional repressors. Nature (London) 363:648–652.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sauer, F., J. D. Fondell, Y. Ohkuma, R. G. Roeder, and H. Jackle. 1995. Control of transcription by Kruppel through interactions with TFIIB and TFIIEb. Nature (London) 375:162–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schreiber-Agus, N., L. Chin, K. Chen, R. Torres, G. Rao, P. Guida, A. I. Skoultchi, and R. A. DePinho. 1995. An amino-terminal domain of Mxi1 mediates anti-myc oncogenic activity and interacts with a homolog of the yeast transcriptional repressor SIN3. Cell 80:777–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto, E., A. Usheva, G. P. Zambetti, J. Momand, N. Horikoshi, R. Weinmann, A. J. Levine, and T. Shenk. 1992. Wild type p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein and represses transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:12028–12032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shykind, B. M., J. Kim, and P. A. Sharp. 1995. Activation of the TFIID-TFIIA complex with HMG-2. Genes Dev. 9:1354–1365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun, X., D. Ma, M. Sheldon, K. Yeung, and D. Reinberg. 1994. Reconstitution of human TFIIA activity from recombinant polypeptides: a role in TFIID-mediated transcription. Genes Dev. 8:2336–2348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanese, N., B. F. Pugh, and R. Tjian. 1991. Coactivators for a proline-rich activator purified from the multisubunit human TFIID. Genes Dev. 5:2212–2224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TenHarmsel, A., R. J. Austin, N. Savenelli, and M. D. Biggin. 1993. Cooperative binding at a distance by even-skipped protein correlates with repression and suggests a mechanism of silencing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2742–2752.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Topol, P., and C. S. Parker. 1984. A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor contains a promoter-region-specific DNA binding activity. Cell 36:357–369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tzamarias, D., and K. Struhl. 1994. Functional dissection of the yeast Cyc8-Tup1 transcriptional corepressor complex. Nature (London) 369:758–761.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Um, M., C. Li, and J. L. Manley. 1995. The transcriptional repressor evenskipped interacts directly with TATA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:5007–5016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verrijzer, P., and R. Tjian. 1996. TAFs mediate transcriptional activation and promoter selectivity. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21:338–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, R. J., B. C. Khoo, J. A. Inostroza, D. Reinberg, and S. P. Jackson. 1994. Differential regulation of RNA polymerase I, II, and III by the TBP-binding repressor, Dr1. Science 266:448–451.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeung, K. C., J. A. Inostroza, C. K. Mermelstein, C. Kannabiran, and D. Reinberg. 1994. Structure-function analysis of TBP-binding protein, Dr1, reveals a mechanism for repression of class II gene transcription. Genes Dev. 8:2097–2109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yokomori, K., A. Admon, J. A. Goodrich, J.-L. Chen, and R. Tjian. 1993. Drosophila TFIIA-L is processed into two subunits that are associated with the TBP/TAF complex. Genes Dev. 7:2235–2245.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young, R. A. 1991. RNA polymerase II. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60:689–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawel, L., P. Kumar, and D. Reinberg. 1995. Recycling of the general transcription factors during RNA polymerase II transcription. Genes Dev. 9:1479–1490.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zawel, L., and D. Reinberg. 1995. Common themes in assembly and function of eukaryotic transcription complexes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64:533–561.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zawel, L., and D. Reinberg. 1993. Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II: a multi-step process. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 44:67–108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou, Q., P. M. Lieberman, T. G. Boeyer, and A. J. Berk. 1992. Holo-TFIID supports transcriptional stimulation by diverse activators and from TATA-less promoters. Genes Dev. 6:1964–1974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar