References
- Blunt, T., N. Finnie, G. Taccioli, G. Smith, J. Demengeot, T. Gottlieb, R. Mizuta, A. Varghese, F. Alt, P. Jeggo, and S. Jackson. 1995. Defective DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is linked to V(D)J recombination and DNA repair defects associated with the murine scid mutation. Cell 80:813–823.
- Boubnov, N. V., and D. T. Weaver. 1995. scid cells are deficient in Ku and replication protein A phosphorylation by the DNA-dependent protein kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:5700–5706.
- Cuomo, C. A., C. L. Mundy, and M. A. Oettinger. 1996. DNA sequence and structure requirements for cleavage of V(D)J recombination signal sequences. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5683–5690.
- Difilippantonio, M. J., C. J. McMahan, Q. M. Eastman, E. Spanopoulou, and D. G. Schatz. 1996. RAG1 mediates signal sequence recognition and recruitment of RAG2 in V(D)J recombination. Cell 87:253–262.
- Eastman, Q. M., T. M. J. Leu, and D. G. Schatz. 1996. Initiation of V(D)J recombination in vitro obeying the 12/23 rule. Nature 380:85–88.
- Getts, R. C., and T. D. Stamato. 1994. Absence of a Ku-like DNA end binding activity in the xrs double-strand DNA repair-deficient mutant. J. Biol. Chem. 269:15981–15984.
- Hartley, K. O., D. Gall, G. C. M. Smith, H. Zhang, N. Divecha, M. A. Connelly, A. Admon, S. P. Lees-Miller, C. W. Anderson, and S. P. Jackson. 1995. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product. Cell 82:849–856.
- Hesse, J. E., M. R. Lieber, K. Mizuuchi, and M. Gellert. 1989. V(D)J recombination: a functional definition of the joining signals. Genes Dev. 3:1053–1061.
- Hiom, K., and M. Gellert. 1997. A stable RAG1-RAG2-DNA complex that is active in V(D)J cleavage. Cell 88:65–72.
- Kirchgessner, C., C. Patil, J. Evans, C. Cuomo, L. Fried, T. Carter, M. Oettinger, and J. Brown. 1995. DNA-dependent kinase (p350) as a candidate gene for the murine scid defect. Science 267:1178–1183.
- Lee, S. E., C. R. Pulaski, D. M. He, D. M. Benjamin, M. Voss, J. Um, and E. A. Hendrickson. 1995. Isolation of mammalian cell mutants that are X-ray sensitive, impaired in DNA double-strand break repair and defective for V(D)J recombination. Mutat. Res. 336:279–291.
- Lewis, S. 1994. The mechanism of V(D)J joining: lessons from molecular, immunological and comparative analyses. Adv. Immunol. 56:27–150.
- Li, Z. Y., T. Otevrel, Y. J. Gao, H. L. Cheng, B. Seed, T. D. Stamato, G. E. Taccioli, and F. W. Alt. 1995. The XRCC4 gene encodes a novel protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Cell 83:1079–1089.
- McBlane, J. F., D. C. van Gent, D. A. Ramsden, C. Romeo, C. A. Cuomo, M. Gellert, and M. A. Oettinger. 1995. Cleavage at a V(D)J recombination signal requires only RAG1 and RAG2 proteins and occurs in two steps. Cell 83:387–395.
- Oettinger, M. A., D. G. Schatz, C. Gorka, and D. Baltimore. 1990. RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination. Science 248:1517–1523.
- Pergola, F., M. Z. Zdzienicka, and M. R. Lieber. 1993. V(D)J recombination in mammalian cell mutants defective in DNA double-strand break repair. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3464–3471.
- Peterson, S. R., A. Kurimasa, M. Oshimura, W. S. Dynan, E. M. Bradbury, and D. J. Chen. 1995. Loss of the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase in DNA double-strand-break-repair mutant mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3171–3174.
- Ramsden, D. A., J. F. McBlane, D. C. van Gent, and M. Gellert. 1996. Distinct DNA sequence and structure requirements for the two steps of V(D)J recombination signal cleavage. EMBO J. 15:3197–3206.
- Rathmell, W. K., and G. Chu. 1994. Involvement of the Ku autoantigen in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7623–7627.
- Roth, D., C. Zhu, and M. Gellert. 1993. Characterization of broken DNA molecules associated with V(D)J recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10788–10792.
- Roth, D. B., J. P. Menetski, P. B. Nakajima, M. J. Bosma, and M. Gellert. 1992. V(D)J recombination: broken DNA molecules with covalently sealed (hairpin) coding ends in scid mouse thymocytes. Cell 70:983–991.
- Schatz, D. G., M. A. Oettinger, and D. Baltimore. 1989. The V(D)J recombination activating gene, RAG-1. Cell 59:1035–1048.
- Schlissel, M., A. Constantinescu, T. Morrow, M. Baxter, and A. Peng. 1993. Double-strand signal sequence breaks in V(D)J recombination are blunt, 5′-phosphorylated, RAG-dependent, and cell cycle regulated. Genes Dev. 7:2520–2532.
- Smider, V., W. K. Rathmell, M. R. Lieber, and G. Chu. 1994. Restoration of x-ray resistance and V(D)J recombination in mutant cells by ku cdna. Science 14:288–291.
- Spanopoulou, E., F. Zaitseva, F.-H. Wang, S. Santagata, D. Baltimore, and G. Panayotou. 1996. The homeodomain region of Rag-1 reveals the parallel mechanisms of bacterial and V(D)J recombination. Cell 87:263–276.
- Swanson, P., and S. Desiderio. Unpublished data.
- Taccioli, G. E., T. M. Gottlieb, T. Blunt, A. Priestley, J. Demengeot, R. Mizuta, A. R. Lehmann, F. W. Alt, S. P. Jackson, and P. A. Jeggo. 1994. Ku80—product of the XRCC5 gene and its role in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Science 265:1442–1445.
- Taccioli, G. E., G. Rathbun, E. Oltz, T. Stamato, P. A. Jeggo, and F. W. Alt. 1993. Impairment of V(D)J recombination in double-strand break repair mutants. Science 260:207–210.
- van Gent, D. C., J. F. McBlane, D. A. Ramsden, M. J. Sadofsky, J. E. Hesse, and M. Gellert. 1995. Initiation of V(D)J recombination in a cell-free system. Cell 81:925–934.
- van Gent, D. C., K. Mizuuchi, and M. Gellert. 1996. Similarities between initiation of V(D)J recombination and retroviral integration. Science 271:1592–1594.
- van Gent, D. C., D. A. Ramsden, and M. Gellert. 1996. The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins establish the 12/23 rule in V(D)J recombination. Cell 85:107–113.
- Zdzienicka, M. Z. 1995. Mammalian mutants defective in the response to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Mutat. Res. 336:203–213.