Complex Formation between p53 and Replication Protein A Inhibits the Sequence-Specific DNA Binding of p53 and Is Regulated by Single-Stranded DNA

REFERENCES

• Bakalkin, G., T. Yakovleva, G. Selivanova, K. P. Magnusson, L. Szekely, E. Kiseleva, G. Klein, L. Terenius, and K. G. Wiman. 1994. p53 binds singlestranded DNA ends and catalyzes DNA renaturation and strand transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:413–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak, Y., T. Juven, R. Haffner, and M. Oren. 1993. Mdm-2 expression is induced by wild-type p53 activity. EMBO 12:461–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargonetti, J., P. N. Friedman, S. E. Kern, B. Vogelstein, and C. Prives. 1991. Wild-type but not mutant p53 immunopurified proteins bind to sequences adjacent to the SV40 origin of replication. Cell 65:1083–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargonetti, J., I. Reynisdottir, P. N. Friedman, and C. Prives. 1992. Site- specific binding of wild-type p53 to cellular DNA is inhibited by SV40 T antigen and mutant p53. Genes Dev. 6:1886–1898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayle, J. H., B. Elenbaas, and A. J. Levine. 1995. The carboxyl-terminal domain of the p53 protein regulates sequence-specific DNA binding through its nonspecific nucleic acid-binding activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5729–5733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, L. J., and J. A. Borowiec. 1994. Human replication protein A binds single-stranded DNA in two distinct complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:3993–4001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brain, R., and J. R. Jenkins. 1994. Human p53 directs DNA strand reassociation and is photolabelled by 8-azido ATP. Oncogene 9:1775–1780.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, X., G. Farmer, H. Zhu, R. Prywes, and C. Prives. 1993. Cooperative DNA binding of p53 with TFIID (TBP): a possible mechanism for transcriptional activation. Genes Dev. 7:1837–1849.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cox, L. S., T. Hupp, C. A. Midgley, and D. P. Lane. 1995. A direct effect of activated human p53 on nuclear DNA replication. EMBO J. 14:2099–2105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Din, S.-U., S. J. Brill, M. P. Fairman, and B. Stillman. 1990. Cell-cycle- regulated phosphorylation of DNA replication factor A from human and yeast cells. Genes Dev. 4:968–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donehower, L. A., and A. Bradley. 1993. The tumor suppressor p53. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1155:181–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, A., S. M. Ruppert, J. C. Aster, and E. Winchester. 1993. Inhibition of DNA replication factor RPA by p53. Nature 365:79–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• el-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817–825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdile, L. F., W.-D. Heyer, R. Kolodner, and T. J. Kelly. 1991. Characterization of a cDNA encoding the 70-kDa single-stranded DNA-binding subunit of human replication protein A and the role of the protein in DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 266:12090–12098.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fang, F., and J. W. Newport. 1993. Distinct roles of cdk2 and cdc2 in RP-A phosphorylation during the cell cycle. J. Cell Sci. 106:983–994.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flores-Rozas, H., Z. Kelman, F. B. Dean, Z.-Q. Pan, J. W. Harper, S. J. Elledge, M. O’Donnel, and J. Hurwitz. 1994. CDK-interacting protein 1 directly binds with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and inhibits DNA replication catalyzed by the DNA polymerase d holoenzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:8655–8659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, P. N., S. E. Kern, B. Vogelstein, and C. Prives. 1990. Wild-type, but not mutant, human p53 proteins inhibit the replication activities of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9275–9279.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Georgaki, A., and U. Hubscher. 1993. DNA unwinding by replication protein A is a property of the 70 kDa subunit and is facilitated by phosphorylation of the 32 kDa subunit. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:3659–3665.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottlieb, M. T., and M. Oren. 1996. p53 in growth control and neoplasia. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1287:77–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupt, Y., S. Rowan, E. Shaulian, K. H. Vousden, and M. Oren. 1995. Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by trans-activation-deficient p53. Genes Dev. 9:2170–2183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Z., B. T. Brinton, J. Greenblatt, J. A. Hassell, and C. J. Ingles. 1993. The transactivator proteins VP16 and GAL4 bind replication factor A. Cell 73:1223–1232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• He, Z., L. A. Henricksen, M. S. Wold, and C. J. Ingles. 1995. RPA involvement in the damage-recognition and incision steps of nucleotide excision repair. Nature 374:566–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, L.-C., K. C. Clarkin, and G. M. Wahl. 1996. Sensitivity and selectivity of the DNA damage sensor responsible for activating p53-dependent G1 arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4827–4832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hupp, T. R., and D. P. Lane. 1994. Allosteric activation of latent p53 tetramers. Curr. Biol. 4:865–875.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hupp, T. R., A. Sparks, and D. P. Lane. 1995. Small peptides activate the latent sequence-specific DNA binding function of p53. Cell 83:237–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaraman, L., and C. Prives. 1995. Activation of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding by short single strands of DNA requires the p53 C-terminus. Cell 81:1021–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastan, M. B., Q. Zhan, W. S. El-Deiry, F. Carrier, T. Jacks, W. V. Walsh, B. S. Plunkett, B. Vogelstein, and A. J. Fornace, Jr. 1992. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxiatelangiectasia. Cell 71:587–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, S. E., K. W. Kinzler, A. Bruskin, D. Jarosz, P. Friedman, C. Prives, and B. Vogelstein. 1991. Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA- binding protein. Science 252:1708–1711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, L. J., and C. Prives. 1996. p53: puzzle and paradigm. Genes Dev. 10:1054–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulesz-Martin, M. F., B. Lisafeld, H. Huang, N. D. Kisiel, and L. Lee. 1994. Endogenous p53 protein generated from wild-type alternatively spliced p53 RNA in mouse epidermal cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1698–1708.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levine, A. J. 1993. The tumor suppressor genes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:623–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., and M. R. Botchan. 1993. The acidic transcriptional activation domains of VP16 and p53 bind the cellular replication protein A and stimulate in vitro BPV-1 DNA replication. Cell 73:1207–1221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheswaran, S., C. Englert, P. Bennett, G. Heinrich, and D. A. Haber. 1995. The WT1 gene product stabilizes p53 and inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9:2143–2156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda, T., M. Saijo, I. Kuraoka, T. Kobayashi, Y. Nakatsu, A. Nagai, T. Enjoji, C. Masutani, K. Sugasawa, F. Hanaoka, A. Yasui, and K. Tanaka. 1995. DNA repair protein XPA binds replication protein A (RPA). J. Biol. Chem. 270:4152–4157.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxwell, S. A., and J. A. Roth. 1994. Posttranslational regulation of p53 tumor suppressor protein function. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 5:23–57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melendy, T., and B. Stillman. 1993. An interaction between replication protein A and SV40 T antigen appears essential for primosome assembly during SV40 DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 268:3389–3395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller, S. D., G. Farmer, and C. Prives. 1995. p53 inhibits DNA replication in vitro in a DNA-binding-dependent manner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6554–6560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyashita, T., S. Krajewski, M. Krajewska, H. G. Wang, H. K. Lin, D. A. Liebermann, B. Hoffman, and J. C. Reed. 1994. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene 9:1799–1805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, S. P., L. Erdile, T. Kelly, and R. Fishel. 1991. The human homologous pairing protein HPP-1 is specifically stimulated by the cognate singlestranded binding protein hRP-A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:9067–9071.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okamoto, K., and D. Beach. 1994. Cyclin G is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. EMBO J. 13:4816–4822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Z.-Q., A. Amin, E. Gibbs, H. Niu, and J. Hurwitz. 1994. Phosphorylation of the p34 subunit of human single-stranded-DNA-binding protein in cyclin A-activated G1 extracts is catalyzed by cdk-cyclin A complex and DNA- dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:8343–8347.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan, Z.-Q., C.-H. Park, A. A. Amin, J. Hurwitz, and A. Sancar. 1995. Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of human single-stranded DNA- binding protein are equally active in simian virus 40 DNA replication and in nucleotide excision repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4636–4640.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pavletich, N. P., K. A. Chambers, and C. O. Pabo. 1993. The DNA-binding domain of p53 contains the four conserved regions and the major mutation hot spots. Genes Dev. 7(12B):2556–2564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, M. E., J. Piette, J. A. Zawadzki, D. Harvey, and A. J. Levine. 1993. The mdm-2 gene is induced in response to UV light in a p53-dependent manner. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11623–11627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabbatini, P., J. Lin, A. J. Levine, and E. White. 1995. Essential role for p53-mediated transcription in E1A-induced apoptosis. Genes Dev. 9:2184–2192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnow, P., Y. S. Ho, J. Williams, and A. J. Levine. 1982. Adenovirus E1b-58kd tumor antigen and SV40 large tumor antigen are physically associated with the same 54kd cellular protein in transformed cells. Cell 28:387–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheffner, M., B. A. Werness, J. M. Huibregtse, A. J. Levine, and P. M. Howley. 1990. The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53. Cell 63:1129–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvakumaran, M., H.-K. Lin, T. Miyashita, H. G. Wang, S. Krajewski, J. C. Reed, B. Hoffman, and D. Liebermann. 1994. Immediate early up-regulation of bax expression by p53 but not TGFB1: a paradigm for distinct apoptotic pathways. Oncogene 9:1791–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seroussi, E., and S. Lavi. 1993. Replication protein A is the major singlestranded DNA binding protein detected in mammalian cell extracts by gel retardation assays and UV cross-linking of long and short single-stranded DNA molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 268:7147–7154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, K. K., and L. Samson. 1995. Replication protein A binds to regulatory elements in yeast DNA repair and DNA metabolism genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:4907–4911.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, M. L., I.-T. Chen, Q. Zhan, I. Bae, C.-Y. Chen, T. Y. Gilmer, M. B. Kastan, P. M. O’Connor, and A. J. J. Fornace. 1994. Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Science 266:1376–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stigger, E., F. B. Dean, J. Hurwitz, and S.-H. Lee. 1994. Reconstitution of functional human single-stranded DNA-binding protein from individual subunits expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:579–583.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vogelstein, B., and K. W. Kinzler. 1992. p53 function and dysfunction. Cell 70:523–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waga, S., G. J. Hannon, D. Beach, and B. Stillman. 1994. The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interaction with PCNA. Nature 369:574–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waga, S., and B. Stillman. 1994. Anatomy of a DNA replication fork revealed by reconstitution of SV40 DNA replication in vitro. Nature 369:207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcock, D., and D. P. Lane. 1991. Localization of p53, retinoblastoma and host replication proteins at sites of viral replication in herpes infected cells. Nature 349:429–431.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolkowicz, R., A. Peled, N. B. Elkind, and V. Rotter. 1995. Augmented DNA-binding activity of p53 protein encoded by a carboxyl-terminal alternatively spliced mRNA is blocked by p53 protein encoded by the regularly spliced form. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6842–6846.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu, X., J. H. Bayle, D. Olson, and A. J. Levine. 1993. The p53-mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop. Genes Dev. 7:1126–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, Q., S. Fan, I. Bae, C. Guillouf, D. A. Liebermann, P. M. O’Connor, and A. J. Fornace. 1994. Induction of bax by genotoxic stress in human cells correlates with normal p53 status and apoptosis. Oncogene 9:3743–3751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q., D. Gutsch, and S. Kenney. 1994. Functional and physical interaction between p53 and BZLF1: implications for Epstein-Barr virus latency. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1929–1938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar