Telomere Variation in Xenopus laevis

REFERENCES

• Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl 1994. Current protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Barlow, D. P. 1992. Preparation, restriction, and hybridization analysis of mammalian genomic DNA for pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Methods Mol. Biol. 12: 107–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blackburn, E. H. 1994. Telomeres: no end in sight. Cell 77: 621–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broccoli, D., J. W. Young, and T. de Lange 1995. Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 9082–9086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broun, P., M. W. Ganal, and S. D. Tanksley 1992. Telomeric arrays display high levels of heritable polymorphism among closely related plant varieties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 1354–1357.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, W. R. A., P. J. MacKinnon, A. Villasanté, N. Spurr, V. J. Buckle, and M. J. Dobson 1990. Structure and polymorphism of human telomere-associated DNA. Cell 63: 119–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callan, H. G., J. G. Gall, and C. A. Berg 1987. The lampbrush chromosomes of Xenopus laevis: preparation, identification, and distribution of 5S DNA sequences. Chromosoma (Berlin) 95: 236–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas, M. E., A. Bianchi, and T. de Lange 1993. A Xenopus egg factor with DNA-binding properties characteristic of terminus-specific telomeric proteins. Genes Dev. 7: 883–894.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson, M., J. L. Celenza, and F. J. Eng 1985. Evolution of the dispersed SUC gene family of Saccharomyces by rearrangements of chromosome telomeres. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 2894–2902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charron, M. J., E. Read, S. R. Haut, and C. A. Michels 1989. Molecular evolution of the telomere-associated MAL loci of Saccharomyces. Genetics 122: 307–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, H. J., W. R. A. Brown, and G. A. Rappold 1985. Hypervariable telomeric sequences from the human sex chromosomes are pseudoautosomal. Nature 317: 687–692.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper, J. P., E. R. Nimmo, R. C. Allshire, and T. R. Cech 1997. Regulation of telomere length and function by a Myb-domain protein in fission yeast. Nature 385: 744–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran, L. M., J. K. Thompson, D. Walliker, and D. J. Kemp 1988. Homologous recombination within subtelomeric repeat sequences generates chromosome size polymorphisms in P. falciparum. Cell 53: 807–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, S., J. Lindsey, J. Fantes, S. McKay, N. McGill, and H. Cooke 1990. The structure of a subterminal repeated sequence present on many human chromosomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6649–6657.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cross, S. H., R. C. Allshire, S. J. McKay, N. I. McGill, and H. J. Cooke 1989. Cloning of human telomeres by complementation in yeast. Nature 338: 771–774.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Bruin, D., M. Lanzer, and J. V. Ravetch 1994. The polymorphic subtelomeric regions of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes contain arrays of repetitive sequence elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 619–623.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Lange, T., L. Shiue, R. M. Myers, D. R. Cox, S. L. Naylor, A. M. Killery, and H. E. Varmus 1990. Structure and variability of human chromosome ends. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 518–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emond, M., and J. Shampay. Unpublished observations.
   Google Scholar
• Fedoroff, N. V., and D. D. Brown 1978. The nucleotide sequence of oocyte 5S DNA in Xenopus laevis. I. The AT-rich spacer. Cell 13: 701–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, C. F. J., L. Sussel, and D. Shore 1992. A RAP1-interacting protein involved in transcriptional silencing and telomere length regulation. Genes Dev. 6: 801–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley, C. B., and B. Villeponteau 1995. Telomeres and telomerase in aging and cancer. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5: 249–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harper, M. E., J. Price, and L. J. Korn 1983. Chromosomal mapping of Xenopus 5S genes: somatic-type vs. oocyte type. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 2313–2323.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horowitz, H., P. Thorburn, and J. E. Haber 1984. Rearrangements of highly polymorphic regions near telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4: 2509–2517.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hummasti, S., and J. Shampay. Unpublished observations.
   Google Scholar
• Kipling, D., and H. J. Cooke 1990. Hypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice. Nature 347: 400–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis, E. J., and J. E. Haber 1990. Mitotic recombination among subtelomeric Y′ repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 124: 547–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis, E. J., E. S. Naumova, A. Lee, G. Naumov, and J. E. Haber 1994. The chromosome end in yeast: its mosaic nature and influence on recombinational dynamics. Genetics 136: 789–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig, A. J., and T. D. Petes 1986. Identification of yeast mutants with altered telomere structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 1398–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig, A. J., S. Kurtz, and D. Shore 1990. Involvement of the silencer and UAS binding protein RAP1 in regulation of telomere length. Science 250: 549–553.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mantell, L. L., and C. W. Greider 1994. Telomerase activity in germline and embryonic cells of Xenopus. EMBO J. 13: 3211–3217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyne, J., R. L. Ratliff, and R. K. Moyzis 1989. Conservation of the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n among vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 7049–7053.
   Google Scholar
• Narayanswami, S., and B. A. Hamkalo 1990. High resolution mapping of Xenopus laevis 5S and ribosomal RNA genes by EM in situ hybridization. Cytometry 11: 144–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ness, F., and M. Aigle 1995. RTM1: a member of a new family of telomeric repeated genes in yeast. Genetics 140: 945–956.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pace, T., M. Ponzi, E. Dore, C. Janse, B. Mons, and C. Frontali 1990. Long insertions within telomeres contribute to chromosome size polymorphism in Plasmodium berghei. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 6759–6764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pardue, M. L., D. D. Brown, and M. L. Birnstiel 1973. Location of the genes for 5S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus laevis. Chromosoma (Berlin) 42: 191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prowse, K. R., and C. W. Greider 1995. Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of mouse telomerase and telomere length. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 4818–4822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röder, M. S., N. L. V. Lapitan, M. E. Sorrells, and S. D. Tanksley 1993. Genetic and physical mapping of barley telomeres. Mol. Gen. Genet. 238: 294–303.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runge, K. W., and V. A. Zakian 1996. TEL2, an essential gene required for telomere length regulation and telomere position effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 3094–3105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shampay, J., and E. H. Blackburn 1988. Generation of telomere-length heterogeneity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 534–538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slagboom, P. E., S. Droog, and D. I. Boomsma 1994. Genetic determination of telomere size in humans: a twin study of three age groups. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55: 876–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starling, J. A., J. Maule, N. D. Hastie, and R. C. Allshire 1990. Extensive telomere repeat arrays in mouse are hypervariable. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6881–6888.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Steensel, B., and T. de Lange 1997. Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1. Nature 385: 740–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walmsley, R. M., and T. D. Petes 1985. Genetic control of chromosome length in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 506–510.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkie, A. O. M., D. R. Higgs, K. A. Rack, V. J. Buckle, N. K. Spurr, N. Fischel-Ghodsian, I. Ceccherini, W. R. A. Brown, and P. C. Harris 1991. Stable length polymorphism of up to 260 kb at the tip of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Cell 64: 595–606.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zakian, V. A., and H. M. Blanton 1988. Distribution of telomere-associated sequences on natural chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8: 2257–2260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zakian, V. A. 1989. Structure and function of telomeres. Annu. Rev. Genet. 23: 579–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakian, V. A. 1995. Telomeres: beginning to understand the end. Science 270: 1601–1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar