Cell Cycle Control of Cdc7p Kinase Activity through Regulation of Dbf4p Stability

REFERENCES

• Adachi, Y., J. Usukura, and J. Yanagida 1997. A globular complex formation by Nda1 and the other five members of the MCM protein family in fission yeast. Genes Cells 2:467–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amon, A., S. Irniger, and J. Nasmyth 1994. Closing the cell cycle circle in yeast: G2 cyclin proteolysis initiated at mitosis persists until the activation of G1 cyclins in the next cycle. Cell 77:1037–1050.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aparicio, O. M., D. M. Weinstein, and J. Bell 1997. Components and dynamics of DNA replication complexes in S. cerevisiae: redistribution of MCM proteins and Cdc45p during S phase. Cell 91:59–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, S. P., and J. Stillman 1992. ATP-dependent recognition of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication by a multiprotein complex. Nature 357:128–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousset, K., and J. Diffley 1998. The Cdc7 protein kinase is required for origin firing during S phase. Genes Dev. 12:480–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. W., and J. Kelly 1998. Purification of Hsk1, a minichromosome maintenance protein kinase from fission yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 273:22083–22090.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buck, V., A. White, and J. Rosamond 1991. CDC7 protein kinase activity is required for mitosis and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 227:452–457.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carpenter, P. B., P. R. Mueller, and J. Dunphy 1996. Role for a Xenopus Orc2-related protein in controlling DNA replication. Nature 379:357–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, J. W., and J. Johnson 1989. The yeast gene, DBF4, essential for entry into S phase is cell cycle regulated. Exp. Cell Res. 180:419–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, R. J., M. J. Campbell, E. A. Winzeler, L. Steinmetz, A. Conway, L. Wodicka, T. G. Wolfsberg, A. E. Gabrielian, D. Landsman, D. J. Lockhart, and J. Davis 1998. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle. Mol. Cell 2:65–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, J. P., H. M. Mahbubani, C. Y. Khoo, and J. Blow 1995. Purification of an MCM-containing complex as a component of the DNA replication licensing system. Nature 375:418–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen-Fix, O., and J. Koshland 1997. The metaphase-to-anaphase transition: avoiding a mid-life crisis. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 9:800–806.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coxon, A., K. Maundrell, and J. Kearsey 1992. Fission yeast cdc21+ belongs to a family of proteins involved in an early step of chromosome replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:5571–5577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, S., and J. Hopwood 1997. Characterization of Cdc47p-minichromosome maintenance complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: identification of Cdc45p as a subunit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:5867–5875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detweiler, C. S., and J. Li 1997. Cdc6p establishes and maintains a state of replication competence during G1 phase. J. Cell Sci. 110:753–763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diffley, J. F. X., J. H. Cocker, S. J. Dowell, and J. Rowley 1994. Two steps in the assembly of complexes at yeast replication origins in vivo. Cell 78:303–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohrmann, P. R., and R. A. Sclafani. 1998. Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Donaldson, A. D., W. L. Fangman, and J. Brewer 1998. Cdc7 is required throughout the yeast S phase to activate replication origins. Genes Dev. 12:491–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donovan, S., and J. Diffley 1996. Replication origins in eukaryotes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:203–207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dowell, S. J., P. Romanowski, and J. Diffley 1994. Interaction of Dbf4, the Cdc7 protein kinase regulatory subunit, with yeast replication origins in vivo. Science 265:1243–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, A., and J. Bell 1997. Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 13:293–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsburg, S. L., and J. Nurse 1994. The fission yeast cdc19+ gene encodes a member of the MCM family of replication proteins. J. Cell Sci. 107:2779–2788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, C. F. 1997. Identification of Cdc45p, an essential factor required for DNA replication. Gene 187:239–246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hardy, C. F. J., O. Dryga, S. Seematter, P. M. B. Pahl, and J. Sclafani 1997. mcm5/cdc46-bob1 bypasses the requirement for the S phase activator Cdc7p. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3151–3155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwell, L. H., R. K. Mortimer, J. Culotti, and J. Culotti 1973. Genetic control of the cell division cycle in yeast. V. Genetic analysis of cdc mutants. Genetics 74:267–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, K. M., C. D. Clark, and J. Botstein 1990. Subcellular localization of yeast CDC46 varies with the cell cycle. Genes Dev. 4:2252–2263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, K. M., A. Lee, E. Chen, and J. Botstein 1991. A group of interacting yeast DNA replication genes. Genes Dev. 5:958–969.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hess, G. F., R. F. Drong, K. L. Weiland, J. L. Slightom, R. A. Sclafani, and J. Hollingsworth 1998. A human homolog of the yeast CDC7 gene is overexpressed in some tumors and transformed cell lines. Gene 211:133–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hollingsworth, R. E., and J. Sclafani 1990. DNA metabolism gene CDC7 from yeast encodes a serine(threonine) protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6272–6276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopwood, B., and J. Dalton 1996. Cdc45p assembles into a complex with Cdc46p/Mcm5p, is required for minichromosome maintenance, and is essential for chromosomal DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:12309–12314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irniger, S., and J. Nasmyth 1997. The anaphase-promoting complex is required in G1 arrested yeast cells to inhibit B-type cyclin accumulation and to prevent uncontrolled entry into S-phase. J. Cell Sci. 110:1523–1531.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishimi, Y. 1997. A DNA helicase activity is associated with an MCM4, -6, and -7 protein complex. J. Biol. Chem. 272:24508–24513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, A. L., P. M. Pahl, K. Harrison, J. Rosamond, and J. Sclafani 1993. Cell cycle regulation of the yeast Cdc7 protein kinase by association with the Dbf4 protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2899–2908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, W., and J. Hunter 1997. Identification and characterization of a human protein kinase related to budding yeast Cdc7p. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:14320–14325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston, L. H., and J. Thomas 1982. A further two mutants defective in initiation of the S phase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 186:445–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Juang, Y. L., J. Huang, J. M. Peters, M. E. McLaughlin, C. Y. Tai, and J. Pellman 1997. APC-mediated proteolysis of Ase1 and the morphogenesis of the mitotic spindle. Science 275:1311–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. M., N. Sato, M. Yamada, K. Arai, and J. Masai 1998. Growth regulation of the expression of mouse cDNA and gene encoding a serine/threonine kinase related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7 essential for G1/S transition. Structure, chromosomal localization, and expression of mouse gene for S. cerevisiae Cdc7-related kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273:23248–23257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimura, H., N. Nozaki, and J. Sugimoto 1994. DNA polymerase alpha associated protein P1, a murine homolog of yeast MCM3, changes its intranuclear distribution during the DNA synthetic period. EMBO J. 13:4311–4320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R. W., J. M. Peters, S. Tugendreich, M. Rolfe, P. Hieter, and J. Kirschner 1995. A 20S complex containing CDC27 and CDC16 catalyzes the mitosis-specific conjugation of ubiquitin to cyclin B. Cell 81:279–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitada, K., A. L. Johnson, L. H. Johnston, and J. Sugino 1993. A multicopy suppressor gene of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1 cell cycle mutant gene dbf4 encodes a protein kinase and is identified as CDC5. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4445–4457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitada, K., L. H. Johnston, T. Sugino, and J. Sugino 1992. Temperature-sensitive cdc7 mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are suppressed by the DBF4 gene, which is required for the G1/S transition. Genetics 131:21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota, Y., S. Mimura, S. Nishimoto, H. Takisawa, and J. Nojima 1995. Identification of the yeast MCM3-related protein as a component of Xenopus DNA replication licensing factor. Cell 81:601–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, M., Y. Kawasaki, and J. Tye 1996. Physical interactions among Mcm proteins and effects of Mcm dosage on DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5081–5090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, M., Y. Kawasaki, M. R. Young, M. Kihara, A. Sugino, and J. Tye 1997. Mcm2 is a target of regulation by Cdc7-Dbf4 during the initiation of DNA synthesis. Genes Dev. 11:3365–3374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madine, M. A., C. Y. Khoo, A. D. Mills, and J. Laskey 1995. MCM3 complex required for cell cycle regulation of DNA replication in vertebrate cells. Nature 375:421–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masai, H., T. Miyake, and J. Arai 1995. hsk1+, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7, is required for chromosomal replication. EMBO J. 14:3094–3104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, S., N. Okishio, I. Samejima, Y. Hiraoka, T. Toda, I. Saitoh, and J. Yanagida 1993. Fission yeast genes nda1+ and nda4+, mutations of which lead to S-phase block, chromatin alteration and Ca2+ suppression, are members of the CDC46/MCM2 family. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:1003–1015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owens, J. C., C. S. Detweiler, and J. Li 1997. CDC45 is required in conjunction with CDC7/DBF4 to trigger the initiation of DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12521–12526.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patterson, M., R. A. Sclafani, W. L. Fangman, and J. Rosamond 1986. Molecular characterization of cell cycle cene CDC7 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:1590–1598.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piatti, S., T. Bohm, J. H. Cocker, J. F. Diffley, and J. Nasmyth 1996. Activation of S-phase-promoting CDKs in late G1 defines a “point of no return” after which Cdc6 synthesis cannot promote DNA replication in yeast. Genes Dev. 10:1516–1531.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sato, N., K. Arai, and J. Masai 1997. Human and Xenopus cDNAs encoding budding yeast Cdc7-related kinases: in vitro phosphorylation of MCM subunits by a putative human homologue of Cdc7. EMBO J. 16:4340–4351.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwab, M., A. S. Lutum, and J. Seufert 1997. Yeast Hct1 is a regulator of Clb2 cyclin proteolysis. Cell 90:683–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwob, E., T. Bohm, M. D. Mendenhall, and J. Nasmyth 1994. The B-type cyclin kinase inhibitor p40SIC1 controls the G1 to S transition in S. cerevisiae. Cell 79:233–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwob, E., and J. Nasmyth 1993. CLB5 and CLB6, a new pair of B cyclins involved in DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 7:1160–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sclafani, R. A., and J. Jackson 1994. Cdc7 protein kinase for DNA metabolism comes of age. Mol. Microbiol. 11:805–810.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shirayama, M., W. Zachariae, R. Ciosk, and J. Nasmyth 1998. The Polo-like kinase Cdc5p and the WD-repeat protein Cdc20p/fizzy are regulators and substrates of the anaphase promoting complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 17:1336–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spellman, P. T., G. Sherlock, M. Q. Zhang, V. R. Iyer, K. Anders, M. B. Eisen, P. O. Brown, D. Botstein, and J. Futcher 1998. Comprehensive identification of the cell cycle regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization. Mol. Biol. Cell 9:3273–3297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi, K., H. Yamada, and J. Yanagida 1994. Fission yeast minichromosome loss mutants mis cause lethal aneuploidy and replication abnormality. Mol. Biol. Cell 5:1145–1158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka, T., D. Knapp, and J. Nasmyth 1997. Loading of an Mcm protein onto DNA replication origins is regulated by Cdc6p and CDKs. Cell 90:649–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, T., and J. Nasmyth 1998. Association of RPA with chromosomal replication origins requires an Mcm protein, and is regulated by Rad53, and cyclin- and Dbf4-dependent kinases. EMBO J. 17:5182–5191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thommes, P., Y. Kubota, H. Takisawa, and J. Blow 1997. The RLF-M component of the replication licensing system forms complexes containing all six MCM/P1 polypeptides. EMBO J. 16:3312–3319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsley, F. M., and J. Ruderman 1998. Proteolytic ratchets that control progression through mitosis. Trends Cell Biol. 8:238–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Visintin, R., S. Prinz, and J. Amon 1997. CDC20 and CDH1: a family of substrate-specific activators of APC-dependent proteolysis. Science 278:460–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T. A., and J. Li 1995. Eukaryotic DNA replication. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 7:414–420.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yan, H., A. M. Merchant, and J. Tye 1993. Cell cycle-regulated nuclear localization of MCM2 and MCM3, which are required for the initiation of DNA synthesis at chromosomal replication origins in yeast. Genes Dev. 7:2149–2160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoon, H.-J., and J. Campbell 1991. The CDC7 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a phosphoprotein that contains protein kinase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3574–3578.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoon, H. J., S. Loo, and J. Campbell 1993. Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7 function during the cell cycle. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:195–208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zachariae, W., T. H. Shing, M. Galova, B. Obermaier, and J. Nasmyth 1996. Identification of subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 274:1201–1204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zou, L., J. Mitchell, and J. Stillman 1997. CDC45, a novel yeast gene that functions with the origin recognition complex and Mcm proteins in initiation of DNA replication. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:553–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar