Mechanism of Protein Kinase B Activation by Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

REFERENCES

• Ahmed, N. N., H. L. Grimes, A. Bellacosa, T. O. Chan, and J. Tsichlis 1997. Transduction of interleukin-2 antiapoptotic and proliferative signals via Akt protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3627–3632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessi, D., and J. Cohen 1998. Mechanism of activation and function of protein kinase B. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8:55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alessi, D., M. T. Kozlowski, Q.-P. Weng, N. Morrice, and J. Avruch 1997. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylates and activates the p70 S6 kinase in vivo and in vitro. Curr. Biol. 8:69–81.
   Google Scholar
• Alessi, D. R., S. R. James, C. P. Downes, A. B. Holmes, P. R. J. Gaffney, C. B. Reese, and J. Cohen 1997. Characterization of a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Bα. Curr. Biol. 7:261–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andjelkovic, M., D. Alessi, R. Meier, A. Fernandez, N. Lamb, M. Frech, P. Cron, P. Cohen, J. Lucocq, and J. Hemmings 1997. Role of translocation in the activation and function of protein kinase B. J. Biol. Chem. 272:31515–31524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andjelkovic, M., T. Jakubowicz, P. Cron, X.-F. Ming, J.-W. Han, and J. Hemmings 1996. Activation and phosphorylation of a pleckstrin holology domain containing protein kinase (RAC-PK/PKB) promoted by serum and protein phosphatase inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:5699–5704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellacosa, A., J. R. Testa, S. P. Staal, and J. Tsichlis 1991. A retroviral oncogene, akt, encoding a serine-threonine kinase containing an SH2-like region. Science 254:274–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellacosa, A., O. Tung, N. Naheed, K. Datta, S. Malstrom, D. Stokoe, F. McCormick, J. Feng, and J. Tsichlis 1998. Akt activation by growth factors is a multiple-step process: the role of the PH domain. Oncogene 17:313–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady, M., F. Bourbonais, and J. Saltiel 1998. The activation of glycogen synthase by insulin switches from kinase inhibition to phosphatase activation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273:14063–14066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgering, B. M. T., G. J. Pronk, P. C. van Weeren, P. Chardin, and J. Bos 1993. cAMP antagonizes p21ras-directed activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 and phosphorylation of mSos nucleotide exchange factor. EMBO J. 12:4211–4220.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgering, T., M. Boudewijn, and J. Coffer 1995. Protein kinase B (c-Akt) in phosphotidylinositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction. Nature 376:599–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J. Q., A. K. Godwin, A. Bellacosa, T. Taguchi, T. F. Franke, T. C. Hamilton, P. N. Tsichlis, and J. Testa 1992. AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9267–9271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J. Q., B. Ruggeri, W. M. Klein, G. Sonoda, D. A. Altomare, D. K. Watson, and J. Testa 1996. Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic-cancer cells and inhibition of AKT2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3636–3641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffer, P., and J. Woodgett 1991. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel protein-serine-threonine kinase related to the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase C families. Eur. J. Biochem. 201:475–481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cong, L.-N., H. Chen, Y. Li, L. Zhou, M. McGibbon, S. Taylor, and J. Quon 1997. Physiological role of Akt in insulin-stimulated translocation of glut4 in transfected rat adipose cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 11:1881–1890.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cook, D., M. J. Fry, K. Hughes, R. Sumathipala, J. R. Woodgett, and J. Dale 1996. Wingless inactivats glycogen synthase kinase-3 via an intracellular signalling pathway which involves a protein kinase C. EMBO J. 15:4526–4536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, S. J., and J. McCormick 1993. Inhibition by cAMP of Ras-dependent activation of Raf. Science 262:1069–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, D. A. E., D. R. Alessi, P. Cohen, M. Andjelkovich, and J. Hemmings 1995. Inhibition of glycogen synthetase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature 378:785–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta, K., A. Bellacosa, T. O. Chan, and J. Tsichlis 1996. Akt is a direct target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271:599–602.
   Google Scholar
• Datta, K., T. F. Franke, T. O. Chan, A. Makris, S.-I. Yang, D. R. Kaplan, D. K. Morrison, E. A. Golemis, and J. Tsichlis 1995. AH/PH domain-mediated interaction between Akt molecules and its potential role in Akt regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2304–2310.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delcommenne, M., C. Tan, V. Gray, L. Rue, J. Woodgett, and J. Dedhar 1998. Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:11211–11216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deprez, J., D. Vertommen, D. R. Alessi, L. Hue, and J. Rider 1997. Phosphorylation and activation of heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase by protein kinase B and other protein kinases of the insulin signaling cascades. J. Biol. Chem. 272:17269–17275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domin, J., and J. Waterfield 1997. Using structure to define the function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase family members. FEBS Lett. 410:91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudek, H., S. Datta, T. Franke, M. Birnbarun, R. Yao, and J. Cooper 1997. Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt. Science 275:661–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke, T. F., S.-I. Yang, T. O. Chan, K. Datta, A. Kazlauskas, D. K. Morrison, D. R. Kaplan, and J. Tsichlis 1995. The protein kinase encoded by the Akt proto-oncogene is a target of the PDGF-activated phosphatidylinosital 3-kinase. Cell 81:727–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frech, M., M. Andjelkovic, E. Ingley, K. K. Reddy, J. R. Falck, and J. Hemmings 1997. High affinity binding of inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides to the pleckstrin homology domain of RAC/protein kinase B and their influence on kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 272:8474–8481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göransson, O., J. Wijkander, V. Manganiello, and J. Degerman 1998. Insulin-induced translocation of protein kinase B to the plasma membrane in rat adipocytes. BBRC 246:249–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graves, L. M., K. E. Bornfield, E. W. Raines, B. C. Potts, S. G. Macdonald, R. Ross, and J. Krebs 1993. Protein kinase antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase in human arterial smooth muscle cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10300–10304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves, L. M., and J. Lawrence 1996. Insulin, growth factors, and cAMP, antagonism in the signal transduction pathways. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 7:43–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray, P. C., J. D. Scott, and J. Catteral 1998. Regulation of ion channels by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and A-kinase anchoring proteins. Curr. Biol. 8:330–334.
   Google Scholar
• Harwood, A., S. Plyte, J. Woodgett, H. Strutt, and J. Kay 1995. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates cell fate in Dictyostelium. Cell 80:139–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hordijk, P. L., I. Verlaan, K. Jalink, E. J. van Corvan, and J. Moolenaar 1994. cAMP abrogates the p21ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 269:3534–3538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones, P. F., T. Jakubowicz, F. J. Pitossi, F. Maurer, and J. Hemmings 1991. Molecular cloning and identification of a serine/threonine protein kinase of the second messenger family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4171–4175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffman-Zeh, A., P. Rodriguez-Viciana, E. Ulrich, P. Coffer, J. Downward, and J. Evan 1997. Suppression of c-myc-induced apoptosis by ras signalling through PI(3)K and PKB. Nature 385:544–548.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohn, A. D., K. S. Kovacina, and J. Roth 1995. Insulin stimulates the kinase activity of RAC-PK, a pleckstrin homology domain containing Ser/Thr kinase. EMBO J. 14:4288–4295.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohn, A. D., S. A. Summers, M. Birnbaum, and J. Roth 1996. Expression of a constitutively active akt Ser:Thr kinase in 3T3-L1 stimulates glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 translocation. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31372–31378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi, H., H. Matsuzaki, M. Tanaka, Y. Takemura, S. Kuroda, Y. Ono, and J. Kikkawa 1997. Activation of protein kinase B (Akt/RAC-protein kinase) by cellular stress and its association with heat shock protein Hsp27. FEBS Lett. 410:493–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, K. A., H. Bhatt, M. Landt, and J. Easom 1997. Calcium-stimulated phosphorylation of MAP-2 in pancreatic betaTC3-cells is mediated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27464–27469.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kulik, G., A. Klippel, and J. Weber 1997. Antiapoptotic signaling by the insulin-like growth factor I receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Akt. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1595–1606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, G. 1991. Ion channels that are directly activated by cyclic nucleotides. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12:245–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moule, S. K., G. I. Welsh, N. J. Edgel, E. J. Foulstone, C. G. Proud, and J. Denton 1997. Regulation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin and β-adrenergic agonists in rat epididymal fat cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272:7713–7719.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nikolakaki, E., P. J. Coffer, R. Hemelsoet, J. R. Woodgett, and J. Defize 1993. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylates Jun family members in vitro and negatively regulates their transactivating potential in intact cells. Oncogene 8:833–840.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pap, M., and J. Cooper 1998. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the phophatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt cell survival pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 273:19929–19932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parvathenani, L., S. Buescher, E. Chacon-Cruz, and J. Beebe 1998. Type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase delays apoptosis in human neutrophils at site upstream of caspase-3. J. Biol. Chem. 273:6736–6743.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Philpott, K. L., M. J. McCarthy, A. Klippel, and J. Rubin 1997. Activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt kinase promote survival of superior cervical neurons. J. Cell Biol. 139:809–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roskoski, R. 1983. Assays of protein kinase. Methods Enzymol. 99:3–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sable, C. L., N. Filippa, C. Filloux, B. A. Hemmings, and J. Van Obberghen 1998. Involvement of the pleckstrin homology domain in the insulin-stimulated activation of protein kinase B. J. Biol. Chem. 273:29600–29606.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sable, C. L., N. Filippa, C. Filloux, B. A. Hemmings, and J. Van Obberghen 1997. cAMP stimulates protein kinase B in a wortmannin-insensitive manner. FEBS Lett. 409:253–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevetson, B. R., X. Kong, and J. Lawrence 1993. Increasing cAMP attenuates activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10305–10309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegfried, E., T.-B. Chou, and J. Perrimon 1992. wingless signaling acts through zeste-white 3, the Drosophila homolog of glycogen synthase kinase-3, to regulate engrailed and establish cell fate. Cell 71:1167–1179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staal, S., J. Hartley, and J. Rowe 1977. AKT-8, an acute transforming retrovirus isolated from a rodent T-cell lymphoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3065–3070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens, L., K. Anderson, D. Stokoe, H. Erdjument-Bromage, G. Painter, A. Holmes, P. Gaffney, C. Reese, F. McCormick, P. Tempst, J. Coadwell, and J. Hawkins 1998. Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B. Science 279:710–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, C., I. A. Leighton, and J. Cohen 1993. Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by phosphorylation: new kinase connections in insulin and growth-factor signalling. Biochem. J. 296:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanti, J. F., S. Grillo, T. Grémaux, P. J. Coffer, E. Van Obberghen, and J. Lemarchand-Brustel 1997. Potential role of protein kinase B in glucose transporter 4 translocation in adipocytes. Endocrinology 138:2005–2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ui, M., T. Okada, K. Hakezi, and J. Hakezi 1995. Wortmannin as a unique probe for an intracellular signalling protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:303–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Weeren, P., K. de Bruyn, A. de Vries-Smits, J. van Lint, and J. Burgering 1998. Essential role for protein kinase B (PKB) in insulin-induced glycogen synthase kinase 3 inactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 273:13150–13156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virbasius, J. V., A. Guilhermes, and J. Czech 1996. Mouse p179 is a novel phosphatidyl 3-kinase containing a C2 domain. J. Biol. Chem. 271:13304–13307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welsh, G., C. Stokes, X. Wang, H. Sakaue, W. Ogawa, M. Kasuga, and J. Proud 1997. Activation of translation initiation factor eIF2B by insulin requires phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase. FEBS Lett. 410:418–422.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wijkander, J., L. Stenson-Holst, T. Rahn, S. Resjo, I. Castan, V. Manganiello, P. Belfrage, and J. Degerman 1997. Regulation of protein kinase B in rat adipocytes by insulin, vanadate, and peroxyvanadate. J. Biol. Chem. 272:21520–21526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., P. Dent, T. Jelinek, A. Wolfman, M. J. Weber, and J. Sturgill 1993. Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signaling pathway by adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate. Science 262:1065–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano, S., H. Tokumitsu, and J. Soderling 1998. Calcium promotes cell survival through CaM-K kinase activation of the protein-kinase-B pathway. Nature 396:584–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar