REFERENCES
- Annunen, P., Helaakoski, T., Myllyharju, J., Veijola, J., Pihlajaniemi, T., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1997. Cloning of the human prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha subunit isoform alpha(II) and characterization of the type II enzyme tetramer—the alpha(I) and alpha(II) subunits do not form a mixed alpha(I)alpha(II)beta(2) tetramer. J. Biol. Chem. 272:17342–17348
- Annunen, P., Koivunen, P., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1999. Cloning of the alpha subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase from Drosophila and expression and characterization of the corresponding enzyme tetramer with some unique properties. J. Biol. Chem. 274:6790–6796
- Baird, S. E., and Emmons, S. W.. 1990. Properties of a class of genes required for ray morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 126:335–344
- Bird, D. M., and Riddle, D. L.. 1989. Molecular cloning and sequencing of ama-1, the gene encoding the largest subunit of Caenorhabditis elegans RNA polymerase II. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:4119–4130
- Blelloch, R., and Kimble, J.. 1999. Control of organ shape by a secreted metalloprotease in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 399:586–590
- Brenner, S.. 1974. The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 77:71–94
- C. elegans Genome Consortium. Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282:2012–2018
- Cox, G. N., Kusch, M., and Edgar, R. S.. 1981. 1998. Cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans: its isolation and partial characterisation. J. Cell Biol. 90:7–17
- Darby, N. J., Penka, E., and Vincentelli, R.. 1998. The multi-domain structure of protein disulfide isomerase is essential for high catalytic efficiency. J. Mol. Biol. 276:239–247
- Fire, A., White Harrison, S., and Dixon, D.. 1990. A modular set of lacZ fusion vectors for studying gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. Gene 93:189–198
- Fire, A., Xu, S., Montgomery, M. K., Kostas, S. A., Driver, S. E., and Mello, C. C.. 1998. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391:806–811
- Gupta, M., Graham, P., and Kramer, J. M.. 1997. Characterization of alpha 1(IV) collagen mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans and the effects of alpha 1 and alpha 2(IV) mutations on type IV collagen distribution. J. Cell Biol. 137:1185–1196
- Hanauske-Abel, H.. 1991. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, a target enzyme for drug development—design of suppressive agents and the in vitro effects of inhibitors and proinhibitors. J. Hepatol. 13:S8–S16
- John, D. C. A., Grant, M. E., and Bulleid, N. J.. 1993. Cell-free synthesis and assembly of prolyl 4-hydroxylase—the role of the beta-subunit (PDI) in preventing misfolding and aggregation of the alpha-subunit. EMBO J. 12:1587–1595
- Johnstone, I. L., and Barry, J. D.. 1996. Temporal reiteration of a precise gene expression pattern during nematode development. EMBO J. 15:3633–3639
- Johnstone, I. L., Shafi, Y., and Barry, J. D.. 1992. Molecular analysis of mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans collagen gene dpy-7. EMBO J. 11:3857–3863
- Kingston, B. I.. 1991. Nematode collagen genes. Parasitol. Today 7:11–15
- Kivirikko, K. I., and Myllyharju, J.. 1998. Prolyl 4-hydroxylases and their protein disulfide isomerase subunit. Matrix Biol. 16:357–368
- Kivirikko, K. I., and Pihlajaniemi, T.. 1998. Collagen hydroxylases and the protein disulfide isomerase subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylases. Adv. Enzymol. Related Areas Mol. Biol. 72:325–400
- Kramer, J. M.. 1994. Structures and functions of collagens in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J. 8:329–336
- Kramer, J. M.. 1997. Extracellular matrix C. elegans II. Riddle, D. L., Blumenthal, T., Meyer, B. J., and Priess, J. R. 471–500 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
- Kusch, M., and Edgar, R. S.. 1986. Genetic studies of unusual loci that affect body shape of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and may code for cuticle structural proteins. Genetics 113:621–639
- Myllyharju, J., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1997. Characterization of the iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-binding sites of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. EMBO J. 16:1173–1180
- Page, A. P.. 1997. Cyclophilin and protein disulphide isomerase genes are co-transcribed in a functionally related manner in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA Cell Biol. 16:1335–1343
- Page, A. P.. 1999. A highly conserved nematode protein folding operon in Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. Gene 230:267–275
- Page, A. P., MacNiven, K., and Hengartner, M. O.. 1996. Cloning and biochemical characterisation of the cyclophilin homologues from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem. J. 317:179–185
- Peters, K., McDowall, J., and Rose, A. M.. 1991. Mutations in the bli-4 (I) locus of Caenorhabditis elegans disrupt both adult cuticle and early larval development. Genetics 129:95–102
- Pihlajaniemi, T., Helaakoski, T., Tasanen, K., Myllyla, R., Huhtal, M.-L., Koivu, J. K., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1987. Molecular cloning of the β-subunit of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. This subunit and protein disulphide isomerase are products of the same gene. EMBO J. 6:643–649
- Priess, J., and Hirsh, D.. 1986. Caenorhabditis elegans morphogenesis—the role of the cytoskeleton in elongation of the embryo. Dev. Biol. 117:156–173
- Prockop, D. J., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1995. Collagens: molecular biology, diseases, and potential for therapy. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64:403–434
- Sulston, J., Schierenberg, E., White, J., and Thomason, J.. 1983. The embryonic-cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev. Biol. 100:64–119
- Thacker, C., Peters, K., Srayko, M., and Rose, A. M.. 1995. The bli-4 locus of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes structurally distinct kex2/subtilisin-like endoproteases essential for early development and adult morphology. Genes Dev. 9:956–971
- Vanderkeyl, H., Kim, H., Espey, R., Oke, C. V., and Edwards, M. K.. 1994. Caenorhabditis elegans sqt-3 mutants have mutations in the COL-1 collagen gene. Dev. Dynamics 201:86–94
- Veijola, J., Annunen, P., Koivunen, P., Page, A. P., Pihlajaniemi, T., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1996. Baculovirus expression of two protein disulphide isomerase isoforms from Caenorhabditis elegans and characterisation of prolyl 4-hydroxylases containing one of these polypeptides as their β-subunit. Biochem. J. 317:721–729
- Veijola, J., Koivunen, P., Annunen, P., Pihlajaniemi, T., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1994. Cloning, baculovirus expression, and characterization of the α-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans—this α-subunit forms an active αβ dimer with the human protein disulfide-isomerase β-subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26746–26753
- Vuori, K., Pihlajaniemi, T., Myllyla, R., and Kivirikko, K. I.. 1992. Site-directed mutagenesis of human protein disulfide isomerase—effect on the assembly, activity and endoplasmic-reticulum retention of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. EMBO J. 11:4213–4217
- Walmsley, A., Batten, M., Lad, U., and Bulleid, N.. 1999. Intracellular retention of procollagen within the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by prolyl 4-hydroxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 274:14884–14892
- Yang, J., and Kramer, J. M.. 1994. In vitro mutagenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens identifies a potential subtilisin-like protease cleavage site and demonstrates that carboxyl domain disulfide bonding is required for normal function but not assembly. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2722–2730