REFERENCES
- Altschul, S. F., Madden, T. L., Schaffer, A. A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W., and Lipman, D. J.. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389–3402
- Bachvarova, R., and De Leon, V.. 1980. Polyadenylated RNA of mouse ova and loss of maternal RNA in early development. Dev. Biol. 74:1–8
- Barnett, S. F., LeStourgeon, W. M., and Friedman, D. L.. 1988. Rapid purification of native C protein from nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 16:87–97
- Bennett, M., Michaud, S., Kingston, J., and Reed, R.. 1992. Protein components specifically associated with prespliceosome and spliceosome complexes. Genes Dev. 6:1986–2000
- Beyer, A. L., Christensen, M. E., Walker, B. W., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1977. Identification and characterization of the packaging proteins of core 40S hnRNP particles. Cell 11:127–138
- Burd, C. G., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. Conserved structures and diversity of functions of RNA-binding proteins. Science 265:615–621
- Burd, C. G., Swanson, M. S., Gorlach, M., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1989. Primary structures of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, B1, and C2 proteins: a diversity of RNA binding proteins is generated by small peptide inserts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9788–9792
- Choi, Y. D., Grabowski, P. J., Sharp, P. A., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1986. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins: role in RNA splicing. Science 231:1534–1539
- Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N.. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156–159
- Conway, G., Wooley, J., Bibring, T., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1988. Ribonucleoproteins package 700 nucleotides of pre-mRNA into a repeating array of regular particles. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2884–2895
- Copp, A. J.. 1995. Death before birth: clues from gene knockouts and mutations. Trends Genet. 11:87–93
- DeGregori, J., Russ, A., von Melchner, H., Rayburn, H., Priyaranjan, P., Jenkins, N. A., Copeland, N. G., and Ruley, H. E.. 1994. A murine homolog of the yeast RNA1 gene is required for postimplantation development. Genes Dev. 8:265–276
- Dreyfuss, G., Matunis, M. J., Pinol-Roma, S., and Burd, C. G.. 1993. hnRNP proteins and the biogenesis of mRNA. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:289–321
- Evans, M. J., and Kaufman, M. H.. 1981. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292:154–156
- Feinberg, A. P., and Vogelstein, B.. 1984. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 137:266–267
- Flach, G., Johnson, M. H., Braude, P. R., Taylor, R. A., and Bolton, V. N.. 1982. The transition from maternal to embryonic control in the 2-cell mouse embryo. EMBO J. 1:681–686
- Forne, T., Rossi, F., Labourier, E., Antoine, E., Cathala, G., Brunel, C., and Tazi, J.. 1995. Disruption of base-paired U4.U6 small nuclear RNAs induced by mammalian heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270:16476–16481
- Gorlach, M., Burd, C. G., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. The determinants of RNA-binding specificity of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23074–23078
- Hakem, R., de la Pompa, J. L., Sirard, C., Mo, R., Woo, M., Hakem, A., Wakeham, A., Potter, J., Reitmair, A., Billia, F., Firpo, E., Hui, C. C., Roberts, J., Rossant, J., and Mak, T. W.. 1996. The tumor suppressor gene Brca1 is required for embryonic cellular proliferation in the mouse. Cell 85:1009–1023
- Hicks, G. G., Shi, E. G., Chen, J., Roshon, M., Williamson, D., Scherer, C., and Ruley, H. E.. 1995. Retrovirus gene traps. Methods Enzymol. 254:263–275
- Hogan, B., Beddington, R., Costantini, F., and Lacy, E.. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
- Huang, M., Rech, J. E., Northington, S. J., Flicker, P. F., Mayeda, A., Krainer, A. R., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1994. 1994. The C-protein tetramer binds 230 to 240 nucleotides of pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:518–533
- Johnson, M. H.. 1981. The molecular and cellular basis of preimplantation mouse development. Biol. Rev. 56:463–498
- Kawase, E., Suemori, H., Takahashi, N., Okazaki, K., Hashimoto, K., and Nakatsuji, N.. 1994. Strain difference in establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 38:385–390
- Kiledjian, M., Burd, C. G., Gorlach, M., Portman, D. S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. Structure and function of hnRNP proteins RNA protein interactions. Mattaj, I., and Nagai, K. 127–149 Oxford University Press, Oxford, England
- Laird, P. W., Zijderveld, A., Linders, K., Rudnicki, M. A., Jaenisch, R., and Berns, A.. 1991. Simplified mammalian DNA isolation procedure. Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 4293
- Ludwig, T., Chapman, D. L., Papaioannou, V. E., and Efstratiadis, A.. 1997. Targeted mutations of breast cancer susceptibility gene homologs in mice: lethal phenotypes of Brca1, Brca2, Brca1/Brca2, Brca1/p53, and Brca2/p53 nullizygous embryos. Genes Dev. 11:1226–1241
- Lupas, A.. 1996. Coiled coils: new structures and new functions. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21:375–382
- Mayrand, S. H., Dwen, P., and Pederson, T.. 1993. Serine/threonine phosphorylation regulates binding of C hnRNP proteins to pre-mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7764–7768
- McAfee, J., Huang, M., Soltaninassab, S., Rech, J. E., Iyengar, S., and Lestourgeon, W. M.. The packaging of pre-mRNA Eukaryotic mRNA processing Krainer, A. R. 17:68–102 IRL Press at Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y
- McAfee, J. G., Shahied-Milam, L., Soltaninassab, S. R., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1996. 1997. A major determinant of hnRNP C protein binding to RNA is a novel bZIP-like RNA binding domain. RNA 2:1139–1152
- McAfee, J. G., Soltaninassab, S. R., Lindsay, M. E., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1996. Proteins C1 and C2 of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes bind RNA in a highly cooperative fashion: support for their contiguous deposition on pre-mRNA during transcription. Biochemistry 35:1212–1222
- McCarthy, E., and Phillips, J.. 1998. Characterization of an intron splice enhancer that regulates alternative splicing of human GH pre-mRNA. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:1491–1496
- McLaren, A.. Growth from fertilization to birth in the mouse Embryogenesis in mammals Elliott, K., and O'Connor, M. 40:47–51 Elsevier, New York, N.Y
- Merrill, B. M., Barnett, S. F., LeStourgeon, W. M., and Williams, K. R.. 1989. 1976. Primary structure differences between proteins C1 and C2 of HeLa 40S nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:8441–8449
- Michael, W. M., Choi, M., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1995. A nuclear export signal in hnRNP A1: a signal-mediated, temperature-dependent nuclear protein export pathway. Cell 83:415–422
- Michaud, E. J., Bultman, S. J., Stubbs, L. J., and Woychik, R. P.. 1993. The embryonic lethality of homozygous lethal yellow mice (Ay/Ay) is associated with the disruption of a novel RNA-binding protein. Genes Dev. 7:1203–1213
- Mishina, Y., Suzuki, A., Ueno, N., and Behringer, R. R.. 1995. Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 9:3027–3037
- Nakielny, S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1996. The hnRNP C proteins contain a nuclear retention sequence that can override nuclear export signals. J. Cell Biol. 134:1365–1373
- Neubauer, G., King, A., Rappsilber, J., Calvio, C., Watson, M., Ajuh, P., Sleeman, J., Lamond, A., and Mann, M.. 1998. Mass spectrometry and EST-database searching allows characterization of the multi-protein spliceosome complex. Nat. Genet. 20:46–50
- Pinol-Roma, S., Choi, Y. D., Matunis, M. J., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1988. Immunopurification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles reveals an assortment of RNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev. 2:215–227
- Pinol-Roma, S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1993. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the pre-mRNA-binding (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) C proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5762–5770
- Pinol-Roma, S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1992. Shuttling of pre-mRNA binding proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nature 355:730–732
- Portman, D. S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. RNA annealing activities in HeLa nuclei. EMBO J. 13:213–221
- Power, M. A., and Tam, P. P.. 1993. Onset of gastrulation, morphogenesis and somitogenesis in mouse embryos displaying compensatory growth. Anat. Embryol. 187:493–504
- Robertson, E. J.. Teratocarcinomas and embryonic stem cells: a practical approach, 1st ed. IRL Press, Washington, D.C.
- Sambrook, J., Fritsch, F., and Maniatis, T. E.. 1987. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
- Snow, M. H. L.. 1989. Embryo growth during the immediate postimplantation period Embryogenesis in mammals Elliott, K., and O'Connor, M. 40:53–66 Elsevier, New York, N.Y
- Soltaninassab, S. R., McAfee, J. G., Shahied-Milam, L., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1998. 1976. Oligonucleotide binding specificities of the hnRNP C protein tetramer. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:3410–3417
- Sperling, R., and Sperling, J.. Large nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles of specific RNA polymerase II transcripts The eukaryotic nucleus: molecular biochemistry and macromolecular assemblies Strauss, P. R., and Wilson, S. H. 2:453–476 The Telford Press, Inc., Caldwell, Inc., N.J
- Suzuki, A., de la Pompa, J. L., Hakem, R., Elia, A., Yoshida, R., Mo, R., Nishina, H., Chuang, T., Wakeham, A., Itie, A., Koo, W., Billia, P., Ho, A., Fukumoto, M., Hui, C. C., and Mak, T. W.. 1997. 1990. Brca2 is required for embryonic cellular proliferation in the mouse. Genes Dev. 11:1242–1252
- Swanson, M. S., Nakagawa, T. Y., LeVan, K., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1987. Primary structure of human nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle C proteins: conservation of sequence and domain structures in heterogeneous nuclear RNA, mRNA, and pre-rRNA-binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1731–1739
- von Melchner, H., DeGregori, J. V., Rayburn, H., Reddy, S., Friedel, C., and Ruley, H. E.. 1992. Selective disruption of genes expressed in totipotent embryonal stem cells. Genes Dev. 6:919–927
- von Melchner, H., Reddy, S., and Ruley, H. E.. 1990. Isolation of cellular promoters by using a retrovirus promoter trap. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3733–3737
- Weighardt, F., Biamonti, G., and Riva, S.. 1996. The roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) in RNA metabolism. Bioessays 18:747–756
- Yang, X., Bani, M. R., Lu, S. J., Rowan, S., Ben-David, Y., and Chabot, B.. 1994. The A1 and A1B proteins of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoparticles modulate 5′ splice site selection in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6924–6928