Assembly of a Functional Beta Interferon Enhanceosome Is Dependent on ATF-2–c-jun Heterodimer Orientation

REFERENCES

• Benezra, R., Davis, R. L., Lassar, A., Tapscott, S., Thayer, M., Lockshon, D., and Weintraub, H.. 1990. Id: a negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins. Control of terminal myogenic differentiation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 599:1–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwood, E. M., and Eisenman, R. N.. 1991. Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc. Science 251:1211–1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brass, A. L., Zhu, A. Q., and Singh, H.. 1999. Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. EMBO J. 18:977–991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, M.. 1998. The enhanceosome and transcriptional synergy. Cell 92:5–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, F. E., Huang, D.-B., Chen, Y.-Q., and Ghosh, G.. 1998. Crystal structure of p50/p65 heterodimer of transcription factor NF-κB bound to DNA. Nature 391:410–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Glover, J. N. M., Hogan, P. G., Rao, A., and Harrison, S. C.. 1998. Structure of the DNA-binding domains from NFAT, Fos and Jun bound specifically to DNA. Nature 392:42–48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, L., Oakley, M. G., Glover, J. N. M., Jain, J., Dervan, P. B., Hogan, P. G., Rao, A., and Verdine, G. L.. 1995. Only one of the two DNA-bound orientations of AP-1 found in solution cooperates with NFATp. Curr. Biol. 5:882–889
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chytil, M., Peterson, B. R., Erlanson, D. A., and Verdine, G. L.. 1998. The orientation of the AP-1 heterodimer on DNA strongly affects transcriptional potency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14076–14081
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cullen, B. R., and Malim, M. H.. 1992. Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase as a eukaryotic reporter gene. Methods Enzymol. 216:362–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cesare, D., Vallone, D., Caracciolo, A., Sassone-Corsi, P., Nerlov, C., and Verde, P.. 1995. Heterodimerization of c-Jun with ATF-2 and c-Fos is required for positive and negative regulation of the human urokinase enhancer. Oncogene 11:365–376
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diamond, M. I., Miner, J. N., Yoshinaga, S. K., and Yamamoto, K. R.. 1990. Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 249:1266–1272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diebold, R. J., Rajaram, N., Leonard, D. A., and Kerppola, T. K.. 1998. Molecular basis of cooperative DNA bending and oriented heterodimer binding in the NFAT1-Fos-Jun-ARRE2 complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:7915–7920
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du, W.. 1993. Synergistic activation of the human interferon-β gene promoter. Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass
   Google Scholar
• Du, W., and Maniatis, T.. 1992. An ATF/CREB binding site is required for virus induction of the human interferon β gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2150–2154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Du, W., Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T.. 1993. Mechanisms of transcriptional synergism between distinct virus-inducible enhancer elements. Cell 74:887–898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escalante, C. R., Yie, J., Thanos, D., and Aggarwal, A. K.. 1998. Structure of IRF-1 with bound DNA reveals determinants of interferon regulation. Nature 391:103–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falvo, J. V., Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T.. 1995. Reversal of intrinsic DNA bends in the IFNβ gene enhancer by transcription factors and the architectural protein HMG I(Y). Cell 83:1101–1111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii, Y., Shimizu, T., Kusumoto, M., Kyogoku, Y., Taniguchi, T., and Hakoshima, T.. 1999. Crystal structure of an IRF-DNA complex reveals novel DNA recognition and cooperative binding to a tandem repeat of core sequences. EMBO J. 18:5028–5041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hai, T., and Curran, T.. 1991. Cross-family dimerization of transcription factors Fos/Jun and ATF/CREB alters DNA binding specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3720–3724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada, H., Willison, K., Sakakibara, J., Miyamoto, M., Fujita, T., and Taniguchi, T.. 1990. Absence of the type I IFN system in EC cells: transcriptional activator (IRF-1) and repressor (IRF-2) genes are developmentally regulated. Cell 63:303–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M., Liu, Z.-G., and Zandi, E.. 1997. AP-1 function and regulation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:240–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, W., König, P., and Richmond, T. J.. 1995. Crystal structure of a bZIP/DNA complex at 2.2 Å: determinants of DNA specific recognition. J. Mol. Biol. 254:657–667
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, T. K., Kim, T. H., and Maniatis, T.. 1998. Efficient recruitment of TFIIB and CBP-RNA polymerase II holoenzyme by an interferon-β enhanceosome in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:12191–12196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T. K., and Maniatis, T.. 1997. The mechanism of transcriptional synergy of an in vitro assembled interferon-β enhanceosome. Mol. Cell 1:119–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koipally, J., Renold, A., Kim, J., and Georgopoulos, K.. 1999. Repression by Ikaros and Aiolos is mediated through histone deacetylase complexes. EMBO J. 18:3090–3100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraulis, P. J.. 1991. MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 24:946–950
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagrange, T., Kim, T.-K., Orphanides, G., Ebright, Y. W., Ebright, R. H., and Reinberg, D.. 1996. High-resolution mapping of nucleoprotein complexes by site-specific protein-DNA photocrosslinking: organization of the human TBP-TFIIA-TFIIB-DNA quaternary complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:10620–10625
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leonard, D. A., and Kerppola, T. K.. 1998. DNA bending determines Fos-Jun heterodimer orientation. Nat. Struct. Biol. 5:877–881
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lillie, J. W., and Green, M. R.. 1989. Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Nature 338:39–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin, R., Heylbroeck, C., Pitha, P. M., and Hiscott, J.. 1998. Virus-dependent phosphorylation of the IRF-3 transcription factor regulates nuclear translocation, transactivation potential, and proteasome-mediated degradation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:2986–2996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, R., Mamane, Y., and Hiscott, J.. 1999. Structural and functional analysis of interferon regulatory factor 3: localization of the transactivation and autoinhibitory domains. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2465–2474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, F., and Green, M. R.. 1994. Promoter targeting by adenovirus E1a through interaction with different cellular DNA-binding domains. Nature 368:520–525
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luo, R. X., Postigo, A. A., and Dean, D. C.. 1998. Rb interacts with histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Cell 92:463–473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire, H. F., Hoeffler, J. P., and Siddiqui, A.. 1991. HBV X protein alters the DNA binding specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by protein-protein interactions. Science 252:842–844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniatis, T., Falvo, J. V., Kim, T. H., Kim, T. K., Lin, C. H., Parekh, B. S., and Wathelet, M. G.. 1998. Structure and function of the interferon-β enhanceosome. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 63:609–620
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Merika, M., Williams, A. J., Chen, G., Collins, T., and Thanos, D.. 1998. Recruitment of CBP/p300 by the IFNβ enhanceosome is required for synergistic activation of transcription. Mol. Cell 1:277–287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell, C. L., Deisseroth, A. B., and Lopez-Berestein, G.. 1994. Interaction of nuclear proteins with an AP-1/CRE-like promoter sequence in the human TNF-α gene. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56:27–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando, V., Strutt, H., and Paro, R.. 1997. Analysis of chromatin structure by in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking. Methods 11:205–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz, M. A., Light, J., Maki, R. A., and Assa-Munt, N.. 1999. Mutation analysis of the Pip interaction domain reveals critical residues for protein-protein interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:2740–2745
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parekh, B. S., and Maniatis, T.. 1999. Virus infection leads to localized hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the IFN-β promoter. Mol. Cell 3:125–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, N. D., Agranoff, A. B., Pascal, E., and Nabel, G. J.. 1994. An interaction between the DNA-binding domains of RelA(p65) and Sp1 mediates human immunodeficiency virus gene activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6570–6583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, N. D., Edwards, N. L., Duckett, C. S., Agranoff, A. B., Schmid, R. M., and Nabel, G. J.. 1993. A cooperative interaction between NF-κB and Sp1 is required for HIV-1 enhancer activation. EMBO J. 12:3551–3558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransone, L. J., and Verma, I. M.. 1989. Association of nuclear oncoproteins fos and jun. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1:536–540
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao, A., Luo, C., and Hogan, P. G.. 1997. Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:707–747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rastinejad, F., Perlmann, T., Evans, R. M., and Sigler, P. B.. 1995. Structural determinants of nuclear receptor assembly on DNA direct repeats. Nature 375:203–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read, M. A., Whitley, M. Z., Gupta, S., Pierce, J. W., Best, J., Davis, R. J., and Collins, T.. 1997. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced E-selectin expression is activated by the nuclear factor-κB and c-JUN N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 272:2753–2761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg, E. V., and Ward, S. B.. 1996. A dynamic assembly of diverse transcription factors integrates activation and cell-type information for interleukin 2 gene regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:9358–9365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T.. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Sato, M., Tanaka, N., Hata, N., Oda, E., and Taniguchi, T.. 1989. 1998. Involvement of the IRF family transcription factor IRF-3 in virus-induced activation of the IFN-β gene. FEBS Lett. 425:112–116
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, S. L., Lin, R., Moore, P. A., Hiscott, J., and Pitha, P. M.. 1998. Regulation of type I interferon gene expression by interferon regulatory factor-3. J. Biol. Chem. 273:2714–2720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schräder, M., Nayeri, S., Kahlen, J.-P., Müller, K. M., and Carlberg, C.. 1995. Natural vitamin D3 response elements formed by inverted palindromes: polarity-directed ligand sensitivity of vitamin D3 receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimer-mediated transactivation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1154–1161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Struhl, K.. 1998. Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Genes Dev. 12:599–606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T.. 1992. The high mobility group protein HMG I(Y) is required for NF-κB-dependent virus induction of the human IFN-β gene. Cell 71:777–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T.. 1995. Identification of the Rel family members required for virus induction of the human beta interferon gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:152–164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thanos, D., and Maniatis, T.. 1995. Virus induction of human IFNβ gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell 83:1091–1100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, E. Y., Jain, J., Pesavento, P. A., Rao, A., and Goldfeld, A. E.. 1996. Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene regulation in activated T cells involves ATF-2/Jun and NFATp. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:459–467
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Urban, M. B., Schreck, R., and Baeuerle, P. A.. 1991. NF-κB contacts DNA by a heterodimer of the p50 and p65 subunit. EMBO J. 10:1817–1825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dam, H., Duyndam, M., Rottier, R., Bosch, A., de Vries-Smits, L., Herrlich, P., Zantema, A., Angel, P., and van der Eb, A. J.. 1993. Heterodimer formation of c-Jun and ATF-2 is responsible for induction of c-jun by the 243 amino acid adenovirus E1A protein. EMBO J. 12:479–487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilcek, J., and Sen, G. C.. 1996. Interferons and other cytokines Fields virology, 3rd ed. Fields, B. N., Knipe, D. M., and Howley, P. M. 375–399 Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, Pa
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, S., and Green, M. R.. 1993. HTLV-I Tax protein stimulation of DNA binding of bZIP proteins by enhancing dimerization. Science 262:395–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wathelet, M. G., Lin, C. H., Parekh, B. S., Ronco, L. V., Howley, P. M., and Maniatis, T.. 1998. Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-β enhancer in vivo. Mol. Cell 1:507–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver, B. K., Kumar, K. P., and Reich, N. C.. 1998. Interferon regulatory factor 3 and CREB-binding protein/p300 are subunits of double-stranded RNA-activated transcription factor DRAF1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:1359–1368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S.-W., and Nash, H. A.. 1994. Specific photocrosslinking of DNA-protein complexes: identification of contacts between integration host factor and its target DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12183–12187
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yee, A. A., Yin, P., Siderovski, D. P., Mak, T. W., Litchfield, D. W., and Arrowsmith, C. H.. 1998. Cooperative interaction between the DNA-binding domains of PU.1 and IRF4. J. Mol. Biol. 279:1075–1083
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yie, J., Liang, S., Merika, M., and Thanos, D.. 1997. Intra- and intermolecular cooperative binding of high-mobility-group protein I(Y) to the beta-interferon promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:3649–3662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yie, J., Merika, M., Munshi, N., Chen, G., and Thanos, D.. 1999. The role of HMG I(Y) in the assembly and function of the IFN-β enhanceosome. EMBO J. 18:3074–3089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoneyama, M., Suhara, W., Fukuhara, Y., Fukuda, M., Nishida, E., and Fujita, T.. 1998. Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/p300. EMBO J. 17:1087–1095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar