In Vitro Properties of the Conserved Mammalian Protein hnRNP D Suggest a Role in Telomere Maintenance

REFERENCES

• Bianchi, A., Smith, S., Chong, L., Elias, P., and de Lange, T.. 1997. TRF1 is a dimer and bends telomeric DNA. EMBO J. 16:1785–1794
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birney, E., Kumar, S., and Krainer, A. R.. 1993. Analysis of the RNA-recognition motif and RS and RGG domains: conservation in metazoan pre-mRNA splicing factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:5803–5816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, T. M., and Cech, T. R.. 1999. Telomerase and the maintenance of chromosome ends. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:318–324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burd, C. G., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. Conserved structures and diversity of functions of RNA-binding proteins. Science 265:615–621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, L., van Steensel, B., Broccoli, D., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Hanish, J., Tempst, P., and de Lange, T.. 1995. A human telomeric protein. Science 270:1663–1667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey, L. A.. 1999. G4 DNA binding by LR1 and its subunits, nucleolin and hnRNP D: a role for G-G pairing in immunoglobin switch recombination. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1066–1071
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dempsey, L. A., Li, M.-J., DePace, A., Bray-Ward, P., and Maizels, N.. 1998. The human HNRPD locus maps to 4q21 and encodes a highly conserved protein. Genomics 49:378–384
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ding, J., Hayashi, M. K., Zhang, Y., Manche, L., Krainer, A. R., and Xu, R. M.. 1999. Crystal structure of the two-RRM domain of hnRNP A1 (UP1) complexed with single-stranded telomeric DNA. Genes Dev. 13:1102–1115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyfuss, G., Matunis, M. J., Piñol-Roma, S., and Burd, C. G.. 1993. hnRNP proteins and the biogenesis of mRNA. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:289–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, S. K., and Lundblad, V.. 1999. Est1 and cdc13 as comediators of telomerase access. Science 286:117–120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan, X. C., and Steitz, J. A.. 1998. Overexpression of HuR, a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein, increases the in vivo stability of ARE-containing mRNAs. EMBO J. 17:3448–3460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, T. M., Sun, D., Salazar, M., and Hurley, L. H.. 1998. Effect of DNA secondary structure on human telomerase activity. Biochemistry 37:5536–5541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallouzi, I.-E., Brennan, C. M., Steinberg, M. G., Swanson, M. S., Eversole, A., Maizels, N., and Steitz, J. A.. 2000. HuR binding to cytoplasmic mRNA is perturbed by heat shock. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3073–3078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvik, B., Carson, M., and Hartwell, L.. 1995. Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6128–6138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotta, M., and Cockell, M.. 1997. Telomeres, not the end of the story. Bioessays 19:367–370
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greider, C. W.. 1998. Telomerase activity, cell proliferation, and cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:90–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greider, C. W.. 1998. Telomeres and senescence: the history, the experiment, the future. Curr. Biol. 8:R178–R181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, J. D., Comeau, L., Rosenfield, S., Stansel, R. M., Bianchi, A., Moss, H., and de Lange, T.. 1999. Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop. Cell 97:503–514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanamura, A., Caceres, J. F., Mayeda, A., Franza, B. R.Jr., and Krainer, A. R.. 1998. Regulated tissue-specific expression of antagonistic pre-mRNA splicing factors. RNA 4:430–444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley, C. B.. 1991. Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb? Mutat. Res. 256:271–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, E. R.. 1995. Telomere DNA structure. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Huang, M., Rech, J. E., Northington, S. J., Flicker, P. F., Mayeda, A., Krainer, A. R., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1994. The C-protein tetramer binds 230 to 240 nucleotides of pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:518–533
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishikawa, F., Matunis, M. J., Dreyfuss, G., and Cech, T. R.. 1993. Nuclear proteins that bind the pre-mRNA 3′ splice site sequence r(UUAG/G) and the human telomeric DNA sequence d(TTAGGG)n. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4301–4310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajita, Y., Nakayama, J., Aizawa, M., and Ishikawa, F.. 1995. The UUAG-specific RNA binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0. J. Biol. Chem. 270:22167–22175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konig, P., and Rhodes, D.. 1997. Recognition of telomeric DNA. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:43–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krecic, A. M., and Swanson, M. S.. 1999. hnRNP complexes: composition, structure, and function. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:363–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBranche, H., Dupuis, S., Ben-David, Y., Bani, M.-R., Wellinger, R. J., and Chabot, B.. 1998. Telomere elongation by hnRNP A1 and a derivative that interacts with telomeric repeats and telomerase. Nat. Genet. 19:1–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lacroix, L., Lienard, H., Labourier, E., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Lacoste, J., Leffers, H., Tazi, J., Helene, C., and Mergny, J.-L.. 2000. Identification of two human nuclear proteins that recognise the cytosine-rich strand of human telomeres in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:1564–1575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laporte, L., Thomas, G. J.Jr.. 1998. A hairpin conformation for the 3′ overhang of Oxytricha nova telomeric DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 281:261–270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laroia, G., Cuesta, R., Brewer, G., and Schneider, R. J.. 1999. Control of mRNA decay by heat shock-ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Science 284:499–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, T. D., Gao, F., King, P. H., Andrews, L. G., and Keene, J. D.. 1993. Hel-N1: an autoimmune RNA-binding protein with specificity for 3′ uridylate-rich untranslated regions of growth factor mRNAs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3494–3504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, J. J., and Zakian, V. A.. 1995. An in vitro assay for Saccharomyces telomerase requires EST1. Cell 81:1127–1135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin, J. J., and Zakian, V. A.. 1996. The Saccharomyces CDC13 protein is a single-strand TG1–3 telomeric DNA-binding protein in vitro that affects telomere behavior in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13760–13765
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lingner, J., Cech, T. R., Hughes, T. R., and Lundblad, V.. 1997. Three Ever Shorter Telomere (EST) genes are dispensable for in vitro yeast telomerase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 14:11190–11195
   Google Scholar
• Loflin, P., Chyi-Ying, C., and Shyu, A.-B.. 1999. Unraveling a cytoplasmic role for hnRNP D in the in vivo mRNA destabilization directed by the AU-rich element. Genes Dev. 13:1884–1897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luderus, M. E. E., van Steensel, B., Chong, L., Sibon, O. C. M., Cremers, F. F. M., and de Lange, T.. 1996. Structure, subnuclear distribution, and nuclear matrix association of the mammalian telomeric complex. J. Cell Biol. 135:867–881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundblad, V., and Szostak, J. W.. 1989. A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 57:633–643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makarov, V. L., Hirose, Y., and Langmore, J. P.. 1997. Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening. Cell 88:657–666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcand, S., Gilson, E., and Shore, D.. 1997. A protein-counting mechanism for telomere length regulation in yeast. Science 275:986–990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsich, E., Piccini, A., Xodo, L. E., and Manzini, G.. 1996. Evidence for a HeLa nuclear protein that binds specifically to the single-stranded d(CCCTAA)n telomeric motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4029–4033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsich, E., Xodo, L. E., and Manzini, G.. 1998. Widespread presence in mammals and high binding specificity of a nuclear protein that recognises the single-stranded telomeric motif (CCCTAA)n. Eur. J. Biochem. 258:93–99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayeda, A., and Krainer, A. R.. 1992. Regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing by hnRNP A1 and splicing factor SF2. Cell 68:365–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAfee, J. G., Huang, M., Soltaninassab, S., Rech, J. E., Iyengar, S., and LeStourgeon, W. M.. 1997. The packaging of pre-mRNA Eukaryotic mRNA processing. Krainer, A. R. 68–102 IRL Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
   Google Scholar
• McElligott, R., and Wellinger, R. J.. 1997. The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes. EMBO J. 16:3705–3714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myer, V. E., Fan, X. C., and Steitz, J. A.. 1997. Identification of HuR as a protein implicated in AUUUA-mediated RNA decay. EMBO J. 16:2130–2139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent, C. I., Hughes, T. R., Lue, N. F., and Lundblad, V.. 1996. Cdc13p: a single-strand telomeric DNA-binding protein with a dual role in yeast telomere maintenance. Science 274:249–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nugent, C. I., and Lundblad, V.. 1998. The telomerase reverse transcriptase: components and regulation. Genes Dev. 12:1073–1085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piñol-Roma, S., Choi, Y. D., Matunis, M. J., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1988. Immunopurification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles reveals an assortment of RNA-binding proteins. Genes Dev. 2:215–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piñol-Roma, S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1992. Shuttling of pre-mRNA binding proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nature 355:730–732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, D., and Gilbert, W.. 1988. Formation of parallel four-stranded complexes by guanine rich motifs in DNA and its implications for meiosis. Nature 334:364–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, D., and Gilbert, W.. 1992. Novel DNA superstructures formed by telomere-like oligomers. Biochemistry 31:65–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore, D.. 1994. RAP1: a protean regulator in yeast. Trends Genet. 10:408–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore, D.. 1997. Telomere length regulation: getting the measure of chromosome ends. J. Biol. Chem. 378:591–597
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S., and de Lange, T.. 1997. TRF1, a mammalian telomeric protein. Trends Genet. 13:21–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner, B. R., Hidaka, K., and Futcher, B.. 1996. Association of the Est1 protein with telomerase activity in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2817–2821
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sundquist, W. L., and Klug, A.. 1989. Telomeric DNA dimerizes by formation of guanine tetrads between hairpin loops. Nature 342:825–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, M. S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1988. RNA binding specificity of hnRNP proteins: a subset bind to the 3′ end of introns. EMBO J. 7:3519–3529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Steensel, B., Smogorzewska, A., and De Lange, T.. 1998. TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions. Cell 92:401–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virta-Pearlman, V., Morris, D. K., and Lundblad, V.. 1996. Est1 has the properties of a single-stranded telomere end-binding protein. Genes Dev. 10:3094–3104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weighardt, F., Biamonti, G., and Riva, S.. 1996. The roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) in RNA metabolism. Bioessays 18:747–756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weilbaecher, R. G., and Lundblad, V.. 1999. Assembly and regulation of telomerase. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3:573–577
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson, J. R.. 1994. G-quartet structures in telomeric DNA. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 23:703–730
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williamson, J. R., Raghuraman, M. K., and Cech, T. R.. 1989. Monovalent cation-induced structure of telomeric DNA: the G-quartet model. Cell 59:871–880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, W. E., Tesmer, V. M., Huffman, K. E., Levene, S. D., and Shay, J. W.. 1997. Normal human chromosomes have long G-rich telomeric overhangs at one end. Genes Dev. 11:2801–2809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahler, A. M., Williamson, J. R., Cech, T. R., and Prescott, D. M.. 1991. Inhibition of telomerase by G-quartet DNA structures. Nature 350:718–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., Wagner, B. J., Ehrenman, K., Schaefer, A. W., DeMaria, C. T., Crater, D., DeHaven, K., Long, L., and Brewer, G.. 1993. Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of an AU-rich element RNA-binding protein, AUF1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7652–7665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Z., Shiue, L., Kaplan, S., and de Lange, T.. 1992. A mammalian factor that binds telomeric TTAGGG repeats in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4834–4843
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J., Hidaka, K., and Futcher, B.. 2000. The Est1 subunit of yeast telomerase binds the Tlc1 telomerase RNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:1947–1955
   PubMedGoogle Scholar