The RNA-Binding Protein TIA-1 Is a Novel Mammalian Splicing Regulator Acting through Intron Sequences Adjacent to a 5′ Splice Site

REFERENCES

• Balvay, L., Libri, D., Gallego, M., and Fiszman, M. Y.. 1992. Intronic sequence with both negative and positive effects on the regulation of alternative transcripts of the chicken beta tropomyosin transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:3987–3992
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck, A., Miller, I. J., Anderson, P., and Streuli, M.. 1998. RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for primordial germ cell development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2331–2336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. R., Medley, Q. G., O'Brien, S., Anderson, P., and Streuli, M.. 1996. Structure, tissue distribution and genomic organization of the murine RRM-type RNA binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:3829–3835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. L.. 1995. Finding splice sites within a wilderness of RNA. RNA 1:763–771
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bourgeois, C. F., Popielarz, M., Hildwein, G., and Stevenin, J.. 1999. Identification of a bidirectional splicing enhancer: differential involvement of SR proteins in 5′ or 3′ splice site activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:7347–7356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carstens, R. P., McKeehan, W. L., and Garcia-Blanco, M. A.. 1998. An intronic sequence element mediates both activation and repression of rat fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 pre-mRNA splicing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:2205–2217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavaloc, Y., Bourgeois, C. F., Kister, L., and Stevenin, J.. 1999. The splicing factors 9G8 and SRp20 transactivate splicing through different and specific enhancers. RNA 5:468–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavaloc, Y., Popielarz, M., Fuchs, J. P., Gattoni, R., and Stevenin, J.. 1994. Characterization and cloning of the human splicing factor 9G8: a novel 35 kDa factor of the serine/arginine protein family. EMBO J. 13:2639–2649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, D. L., Dougherty, G., Harn, H. J., Jackson, S., Baptist, E. W., Byers, J., Datta, A., Phillips, G., and Isola, N. R.. 1992. The complex CD44 transcriptional unit; alternative splicing of three internal exons generates the epithelial form of CD44. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182:569–578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Gatto, F., and Breathnach, R.. 1995. Exon and intron sequences, respectively, repress and activate splicing of a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 alternative exon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4825–4834
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Gatto, F., Gesnel, M. C., and Breathnach, R.. 1996. The exon sequence TAGG can inhibit splicing. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:2017–2021
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Gatto, F., Plet, A., Gesnel, M. C., Fort, C., and Breathnach, R.. 1997. Multiple interdependent sequence elements control splicing of a fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 alternative exon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:5106–5116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Del Gatto-Konczak, F., Olive, M., Gesnel, M. C., and Breathnach, R.. 1999. hnRNP A1 recruited to an exon in vivo can function as an exon splicing silencer. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:251–260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dember, L. M., Kim, N. D., Liu, K. Q., and Anderson, P.. 1996. Individual RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 and TIAR have different RNA binding specificities. J. Biol. Chem. 271:2783–2788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortes, P., Bilbao-Cortes, D., Fornerod, M., Rigaut, G., Raymond, W., Seraphin, B., and Mattaj, I. W.. 1999. Luc7p, a novel yeast U1 snRNP protein with a role in 5′ splice site recognition. Genes Dev. 13:2425–2438
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fortes, P., Kufel, J., Fornerod, M., Polycarpou-Schwarz, M., Lafontaine, D., Tollervey, D., and Mattaj, I. W.. 1999. Genetic and physical interactions involving the yeast nuclear cap-binding complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6543–6553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallego, M. E., Gattoni, R., Stevenin, J., Marie, J., and Expert-Bezancon, A.. 1997. The SR splicing factors ASF/SF2 and SC35 have antagonistic effects on intronic enhancer-dependent splicing of the beta-tropomyosin alternative exon 6A. EMBO J. 16:1772–1784
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, B. M., Jamison, S. F., and Sharp, P. A.. 1989. Identification and purification of a 62,000-dalton protein that binds specifically to the polypyrimidine tract of introns. Genes Dev. 3:1874–1886
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilbert, E., Del Gatto, F., Champion, A. P., Gesnel, M. C., and Breathnach, R.. 1993. Control of BEK and K-SAM splice sites in alternative splicing of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 pre-mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5461–5468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorlach, M., Burd, C. G., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1994. The determinants of RNA-binding specificity of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23074–23078
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottschalk, A., Tang, J., Puig, O., Salgado, J., Neubauer, G., Colot, H. V., Mann, M., Seraphin, B., Rosbash, M., Luhrmann, R., and Fabrizio, P.. 1998. A comprehensive biochemical and genetic analysis of the yeast U1 snRNP reveals five novel proteins. RNA 4:374–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gueydan, C., Droogmans, L., Chalon, P., Huez, G., Caput, D., and Kruys, V.. 1999. Identification of TIAR as a protein binding to the translational regulatory AU-rich element of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 274:2322–2326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffman, B. E., and Grabowski, P. J.. 1992. U1 snRNP targets an essential splicing factor, U2AF65, to the 3′ splice site by a network of interactions spanning the exon. Genes Dev. 6:2554–2568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh, G. S., and Hynes, R. O.. 1994. Regulation of alternative pre-mRNA splicing by a novel repeated hexanucleotide element. Genes Dev. 8:1561–1574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izaurralde, E., Stepinski, J., Darzynkiewicz, E., and Mattaj, I. W.. 1992. A cap binding protein that may mediate nuclear export of RNA polymerase II-transcribed RNAs. J. Cell Biol. 118:1287–1295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Z. H., and Wu, J. Y.. 1999. Alternative splicing and programmed cell death. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220:64–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami, A., Tian, Q., Duan, X., Streuli, M., Schlossman, S. F., and Anderson, P.. 1992. Identification and functional characterization of a TIA-1-related nucleolysin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8681–8685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedersha, N. L., Gupta, M., Li, W., Miller, I., and Anderson, P.. 1999. RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR link the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha to the assembly of mammalian stress granules. J. Cell Biol. 147:1431–1442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, A.. 1996. The structure and function of proteins involved in mammalian pre-mRNA splicing. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65:367–409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambermon, M. H., Simpson, G. G., Kirk, D. A., Hemmings-Mieszczak, M., Klahre, U., and Filipowicz, W.. 2000. UBP1, a novel hnRNP-like protein that functions at multiple steps of higher plant nuclear pre-mRNA maturation. EMBO J. 19:1638–1649
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis, J. D., Izaurralde, E., Jarmolowski, A., McGuigan, C., and Mattaj, I. W.. 1996. A nuclear cap-binding complex facilitates association of U1 snRNP with the cap-proximal 5′ splice site. Genes Dev. 10:1683–1698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, A. J.. 1998. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA: developmental consequences and mechanisms of regulation. Annu. Rev. Genet. 32:279–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowin, B., French, L., Martinou, J. C., and Tschopp, J.. 1996. Expression of the CTL-associated protein TIA-1 during murine embryogenesis. J. Immunol. 157:1448–1454
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medley, Q. G., Kedersha, N., O'Brien, S., Tian, Q., Schlossman, S. F., Streuli, M., and Anderson, P.. 1996. Characterization of GMP-17, a granule membrane protein that moves to the plasma membrane of natural killer cells following target cell recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:685–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modafferi, E. F., and Black, D. L.. 1999. Combinatorial control of a neuron-specific exon. RNA 5:687–706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, T., and Ogawa, H.. 1997. Involvement of the MRE2 gene of yeast in formation of meiosis-specific double-strand breaks and crossover recombination through RNA splicing. Genes Cells 2:65–79
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nasim, F. H., Spears, P. A., Hoffmann, H. M., Kuo, H. C., and Grabowski, P. J.. 1990. A sequential splicing mechanism promotes selection of an optimal exon by repositioning a downstream 5′ splice site in preprotachykinin pre-mRNA. Genes Dev. 4:1172–1184
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ornitz, D. M., Xu, J., Colvin, J. S., McEwen, D. G., MacArthur, C. A., Coulier, F., Gao, G., and Goldfarb, M.. 1996. Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. J. Biol. Chem. 271:15292–15297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puig, O., Gottschalk, A., Fabrizio, P., and Seraphin, B.. 1999. Interaction of the U1 snRNP with nonconserved intronic sequences affects 5′ splice site selection. Genes Dev. 13:569–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, P., Gattoni, R., Keohavong, P., and Stevenin, J.. 1987. Alternative splicing of E1A transcripts of adenovirus requires appropriate ionic conditions in vitro. Cell 50:31–39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Screaton, G. R., Bell, M. V., Jackson, D. G., Cornelis, F. B., Gerth, U., and Bell, J. I.. 1992. Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:12160–12164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SenGupta, D. J., Zhang, B., Kraemer, B., Pochart, P., Fields, S., and Wickens, M.. 1996. A three-hybrid system to detect RNA-protein interactions in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8496–8501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp, P. A.. 1994. Split genes and RNA splicing. Cell 77:805–815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, M. S., and Dreyfuss, G.. 1988. RNA binding specificity of hnRNP proteins: a subset bind to the 3′ end of introns. EMBO J. 7:3519–3529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taupin, J. L., Tian, Q., Kedersha, N., Robertson, M., and Anderson, P.. 1995. The RNA-binding protein TIAR is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during Fas-mediated apoptotic cell death. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1629–1633
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor, P. J., Purkis, P., Lane, E. B., McKay, I. A., and Chang, S. E.. 1982. Effects of SV40 transformation on the cytoskeleton and behavioural properties of human keratinocytes. Cell Differ. 11:169–180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tian, Q., Streuli, M., Saito, H., Schlossman, S. F., and Anderson, P.. 1991. A polyadenylate binding protein localized to the granules of cytolytic lymphocytes induces DNA fragmentation in target cells. Cell 67:629–639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Q., Taupin, J., Elledge, S., Robertson, M., and Anderson, P.. 1995. Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (FAST) phosphorylates TIA-1 during Fas-mediated apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 182:865–874
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valcarcel, J., and Gebauer, F.. 1997. Post-transcriptional regulation: the dawn of PTB. Curr. Biol. 7:R705–R708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Takagaki, Y., and Manley, J. L.. 1996. Targeted disruption of an essential vertebrate gene: ASF/SF2 is required for cell viability. Genes Dev. 10:2588–2599
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu, Q., and Toole, B. P.. 1996. A new alternatively spliced exon between v9 and v10 provides a molecular basis for synthesis of soluble CD44. J. Biol. Chem. 271:20603–20607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zahler, A. M., Lane, W. S., Stolk, J. A., and Roth, M. B.. 1992. SR proteins: a conserved family of pre-mRNA splicing factors. Genes Dev. 6:837–847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamore, P. D., and Green, M. R.. 1989. Identification, purification, and biochemical characterization of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9243–9247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang, D., and Rosbash, M.. 1999. Identification of eight proteins that cross-link to pre-mRNA in the yeast commitment complex. Genes Dev. 13:581–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar